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初中英语被动语态

发布时间: 2020-11-19 06:26:16

1. 初中英语被动语态是第几单元学的 顺便给我个教程看看谢谢

人教新目标版 初三 Unit3
标题:Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
(一)被动语态的构成

1.被动语态的基本结构:be+动词过去分词

2.各种时态的主动被动语态结构(以动词do为例)

时态
主动语态
被动语态
例句

主动语态
被动语态

一般现在时
do/ does
am/ is/ are+done
We clean the classroom.
The classroom is cleaned by us.

一般过去时
did
was/ were+done
He made the kite.
The kite was made by him.

现在进行时
am/ is/are+doing
am/ is/ are+being done
She is watering flowers.
Flowers are being watered by her.

现在完成时
have/has+done
have/ has+been done
Jim has finished the work.
The work has been finished by Jim.

一般将来时
will/ shall/ be going to +do
will/ shall/ be going to+be done
They will plant trees tomorrow.
Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.

过去进行时
was/ were+doing
was/ were+being+done
She was writing a letter this time yesterday.
A letter was being written by her this time yesterday.

过去完成时
had+done
had+been+done
Jim had finished the work.
The work had been finished by Jim.

过去将来时
would/ should/ be going to+do
would/should/ be going to+do
He said he would made a kite.
He said a kite would be made by him.

含有情态动词
can/ may/ must+do
can/may/must+be+done
I can find him.
He can be found by me.

(二)被动语态的用法

被动语态中主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况

1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。

e.g.This watch is made in China.

这块手表是在中国制造的。

2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。

e.g.More trees must be planted every year.

每年必须有更多的树被种植。

3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。

e.g.Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.

世界上越来越多的人说汉语(强调汉语的使用广泛)。

4.动作的发出者不是人时。

e.g.Many houses were washed away in the flood.

很多房屋在洪水中被冲走了。

(三)主动语态和被动语态的转换

1.主动语态变被动语态:

(1)要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变主格。

(2)把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格变宾格,并由by引导。

(3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。e.g.We asked him to sing an English song.

我们让他唱一首英语歌。

He was asked to sing an English song by us.

他被我们要求唱一首英语歌。

2.带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态

谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可接直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。

e.g.She gave me a book. (变为被动语态)→

I was given a book. (间接宾语me改为主语)

A book was given to me. (育接宾语a book改为主语)

3.短语动词变为被动语态

许多由不及物动词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。注意:短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。

e.g.We should speak to old men politely. (变为被动语态)→

Old men should be spoken to politely. (to不可省略)

4.带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态

宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。

e.g.I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)→

Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.

5.被动语态后动词形式的选择

主动句中在感官动词see、hear、watch、feel、notice等使役动词, 也称为感官动词,let、make、here等动词后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时,应加上不定式符号to。

e.g.He makes the girl stay at home.(改为被动结构)→

The girl is made to stay at home.

Last Sunday we heard them sing Peking Opera in the theatre.(改为同义句)→

They were heard to sing Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday.

四句话:①主语变成宾语;

②宾语变成主语;

③动词一分为二;

④时态体现在be动词上。

(四)被动语态的一些特殊的运用形式

1.主动结构表被动意义

(1)open、lock、write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、burn、drive等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表被动意义。

e.g.This kind of pen writes very smoothly.

这种笔写起来很流畅。

This kind of shirt sells well here.

这种样式的衬衫在这很好卖。

(2)look、sound、taste、smell等系动词主动结构表被动意义。

e.g.Uniforms look ugly on us.

我们穿着制服很难看。

Mooncakes taste delicious.

月饼吃起来很好。

(3)be worth doing中,doing表被动意义。

e.g.This book is worth reading.

这本书值得一读。

(4)want/ need/ require+doing相当于want/ need/ require+to be done。to be done表不定式的被动结构。

e.g.My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired.

我的自行车需要修理。

(五)不用被动语态的情况

1.主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时,不能用于被动语态。

e.g.The man introced himself as Mr. White. (主动语态)

那个人自我介绍说他是怀特先生。

Himself was introced as Mr. White.(误)

They help each other study English. (主动语态)

他们互相帮助学习英语。

Each other is helped study English. (误)

2.当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时,不能用于被动语态。

e.g.We will have a meeting.

我们将开一个会。

3.主动语态的宾语是动词不定式或-ing形式时,不能用作被动语态的主语。

e.g.My brother enjoys watching TV
He asked to have a try.
他请求试一次。

注意:解答被动语态题目时,首先要判断主语和动作的关系,如果主语是动作的执行者,则用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,则用被动语态。

2. 初中英语被动语态的规则

英语被动语态基本构成公式: be + 实义动词的过去分词。

1、一般现在时:am/is/are+given

2、一般过去时:was/were+given

3、一般将来时:will/shall be+given

4、过去将来时:would be+given

5、现在进行时:am/is/are being+given

6、过去进行时:was/were being+given

7、现在完成时:has/have been+given

8、过去完成时:had been+given

9、将来完成时:will/shall have been+given

英语中被动语态的构成不仅仅需要在实义动词前添加词语, 还需要 实义动词的参与:该实义动词要变成其过去分词的形式。

提示: 只有实义动词中的及物动词才有被动语态的构成形式, 不及物动词没有被动语态的构成形成

中文句中的动词不区分为谓语动词和非谓语动词, 但是英语句中的动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词的区分, 也因英语中的被动语态结构有两种形式: 谓语动词的被动语态和非谓语动词的被动语态。



(2)初中英语被动语态扩展阅读

1、am 、is、are 是be动词在一般现在时态下的三种变化形式;

2、was、were是be动词在一般过去时态下的两种变化形式;

3、"has/have + 动词过去分词"是现在完成时态的构成形式。

被动语态的构成结构中一定要有助动词be和实义动词的过去分词,为了满足现在完成时态的构成要求,助动词变成过去分词(been),与has/have构成现在完成时态。

同时be动词(此时已经变成过去分词been)与实义动词的过去分词构成被动语态,因此has/have been done既体现了现在完成时态的时态意义又表达出了被动意义,形成了现在完成完成时态的被动语态结构。

3. 【初中英语】被动语态相关题目

1. He is often seen to play the piano after school.
2.He often hears them sing songs next room.
解析:这些动词真奇怪,主动语态省略to,被动语态to 回来。还有以下动词也一样:watch,help,let ,hear,see ,notice等see sb do sth 变为be seen to do sth 也可以记住是固定结构

4. 初中英语里什么是主动语态和被动语态

主动语态是主语主动做某件事,比如The students clean the classroom.译为学生们打扫教室,变成被动就是The classroom is cleaned by the students.(be +过去分词表被动)译为教室被学生们打扫,表示主语被做某些事

5. 初中英语 被动语态、现在完成时知识点归纳

被动语态:复表示某件事被做制。
be(注意时态变化)+动词的过去分词
例:Our
homework
shuold
be
done
by
ourselves.
(我们的作业应该被我们自己做。)
现在完成时:表示到目前为止已经做完。
have/has+动词的过去的分词
例:I
have
finished
my
homework.
(我已经完成了我的作业。)

6. 初中英语被动语态

被动语态

1. 构成:主语 + be动词 + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)。应用到各时态和句型里的形式如下(用于不同时态的用法和注意事项请参照"语法结构"中的相关内容):
1) 一般现在时:am/ is/ are done
2) 现在进行时:am/ is/ are being done
3) 现在完成时:have/ has been done
4) 现在完成进行时:have/ has been being done
5) 一般将来时:will be done
以应该用将来时的被动语态。
6) 将来进行时:will be being done
7) 将来完成时:will have been done

18) 不定式的被动语态:to be done

7. 关于初中英语被动语态

悬挂 是一个动作
一个东西 它可以被悬挂 就可以用被动语态

如果表示 挂着一个东西 挂着 这种状态的时候 是这个物体的状态 无关动作 就不能用被动了

8. 谁有初中英语语法被动语态的笔记,最好越详细越好

其实,初中的被动语态,结构记清楚,就非常可以了,然后把中考要背的几个被动语态的短语记下。被动语态全部和VPP有关,所以最后的动词都用VPP形式。那个变化的只有BE动词了
初中只分一般:一般现在am is are+vpp一般过去:was were+vpp一般将来will be+vpp
然后是进行时:现在进行时:am is are +being+vpp过去进行时:was were+being+vpp
然后是完成时:have /has+been+vpp过去完成时 had+been+vpp,结构背完了就记得by+SB。
如果你就把所有主动语态当作把字句,被动语态当成汉语的被字句,就比较好改了。然后区别找be made of ,be made from ,be made in ,be made by.还有最关键的use这个用法考试比较常考不be used to doing,used to do .be used to do .这三个中考考试特别注意。什么有许多树被钟啊,楼被盖啊,谁谁谁被送往医院啊,刘翔被训练啊。工作必须做啊。还有be allowed to do .
be asked to do还要记得那些词不能用语被动语态比如happen belong to等.
推荐一本书给你吧:五年中考三年模拟。它不会像其他语法书一样,包含了超过初中的东西,它只是针对初中,针对中考。语法带习题。

9. 英语初三被动语态

一、被动语态的构成形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2) has /have been done 现在完成时
例All the preparations for the task have been
completed, and we're ready to start. 3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here. 4) was/were done 一般过去时
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5) had been done 过去完成时
例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6) was/were being done 过去进行时
例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7) shall/will be done 一般将来时
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8) should/would be done 过去将来时
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用) 例The project will have been completed before July. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动
结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改
为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
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例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public. 二、 如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。
例 My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3. 为了更好地安排句子。
例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了) 三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。有:
It is said that„ 据说,It is reported that„据报道,It is believed that„大家相信,It is hoped that„大家希望,It is well known that„众所周知,It is thought that„大家认为,It is suggested that„据建议。
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ) 四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。 例 This kind of cloth washes well.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:The door won't lock. (指门本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked. (指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come
true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
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例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Your reason sounds reasonable 五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。 1. 在need,want,require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 例The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。 例The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)
试比较:I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4. 在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。 例This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).
5. 在too„ to„结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. 在there be„句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,
不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。 例There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,谁 lost time不明确。) 7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?
六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之义,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词。
1. “under +名词”结构,表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有:under control(受控制), under treatment(在治疗中), under
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public. 二、 如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。
例 My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3. 为了更好地安排句子。
例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了) 三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。有:
It is said that„ 据说,It is reported that„据报道,It is believed that„大家相信,It is hoped that„大家希望,It is well known that„众所周知,It is thought that„大家认为,It is suggested that„据建议。
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ) 四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。 例 This kind of cloth washes well.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:The door won't lock. (指门本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked. (指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come
true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。 例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Your reason sounds reasonable 五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。 1. 在need,want,require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 例The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。 例The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)
试比较:I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4. 在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。 例This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).
5. 在too„ to„结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. 在there be„句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,
不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。 例There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,谁 lost time不明确。) 7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?
六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之义,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词。
1. “under +名词”结构,表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有:under control(受控制), under treatment(在治疗中), under
不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。 例 The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled). 。
8.“within+名词”结构,“在„„内、不超过„„”。 例He took two days off within the teacher's permission
四. 如何正确使用被动语态
1. 有些动词带有两个宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,变被动语态时,可把其中一个宾语变成主语,另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是:若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语,需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。
eg. He often tells us interesting stories . (主动语态)
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
..(被动语态)
▲常带双宾语的词有:tell , show , lend , pass等。
2. 在主动语态中,某些动词之后带有复合宾语,即宾语和宾语补足语,这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当,to被省略,但在被动语态中,这个to还要还原。
eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . (主动语态)

复合宾语
宾语补足语宾语
She is often heard to sing this popular song .(被动语态) ▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有:make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。
3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态,它们有可能是“系表结构(即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语)。”
比较:(1)

)()(.FengpingbyclosedisdoorThe.closedisdoorThe被动语态。
这个门是由冯平来关的系表结构门是关着的。
(2)

)()(.MarybybrokenwasglassThe.brokenisglassThe被动语态。的这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏
系表结构。
这个玻璃杯是坏的 4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。 eg. 
)
()
(..错误正确

)()(..seadeeptheinddisappeare
dolphinThe错误

10. 初中英语被动语态是什么时候教的

初三 Unit3
标题:Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
(一)被动语态的构成
1.被动语态的基本结构:be+动词过去分词
2.各种时态的主动被动语态结构(以动词do为例)

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