初三英语知识点
动词不定式一. 定义：
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。同时动词不定式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语
二. 动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形
三. 动词不定式作宾语后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
We hope to get there before dark. The girl decided to do it herself.
动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点）
1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：
remember to do 记住要做某事 remember doing 记得曾经做过某事
forget to do忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事
stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事
I remember seeing you somewhere before
Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.
2. 不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。
如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep.
四. 动词不定式作宾语补足语 1. 后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
The teacher told us to do Exercise 1.
I want both of you to go. We helped her (to) repair her bike.
2. 使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。
Let’s have a rest. I saw him come in.
感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。
I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）
I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）
五. 动词不定式作状语
Later he left home to work in different cities.
He went to see a football match.
In order to catch the other students, I must work hard.
六. 动词不定式作定语一般放在所修饰的词的后面。
I need something to eat. Do you have something to read?
Tom was so excited that he had no word to say.
He is really a fool only to eat.
The man to stand here just now is our English teacher.
The doctor had no way to save the patient.
注意：（1）作定语的不定式是由及物动词组成，被修饰的名词或代词与不定式之间存在方位或方式关系需要有介词。
I am looking for a room to live in（方位关系）
We have many things to do experiments with. （方式关系）
（2）作定语的不定式是由“be + adj + prep”构成的动词短语。
Here there isn’t any book for me to be interested in.
We have done many things to proud of.
七. 动词不定式作主语To give is better than to receive.
To reach there on foot is impossible.
动词不定式作主语时，可以用it 代替，把实际主语不定式放在后面。
It’s better to give than to receive.
It’s impossible to reach there on foot.
It’s + adj + for sb. to do sth.
It’s not difficult for me to study English well.
It’s easy for him to work out this math problem.
在这个句型中，如果形容词与不定式的逻辑主语关系密切，并且形容词用来说明逻辑主语性质、品质、特点等，由of引出逻辑主语。这类形容词主要有nice, kind, good, wrong, right等。
八. 动词不定式和疑问词连用
动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which, how, where, when连用，构成不定式短语，可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
How to do is still a question. Have you decided when to leave?
九. 动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定式是在to前加not；不带to的不定式则在动词前加not. 如：
Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day.
My mother let me not do it by myself.
被动语态两种语态：主动语态和被动语态
主动语态（The Active Voice）表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态（The Passive Voice）表示主语是动作的承受者。
构成：承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
一般现在时：承受者+助动词am / is/are +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
一般过去时：承受者+助动词was / were +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+助动词shall / will be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+助动词 have/ has been+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
被动语态用法：
1）当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁，或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，需用被动语态。
2）当我们需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。
3）如果需要说出动作的执行者, 用by引导出动作的执行者。
主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
主动语态变为被动语态时有以下几种情况：
1）主语＋谓语动词＋宾语 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（主动）We bought a book yesterday.
（被动）The book was bought yesterday.
2）主语＋谓语动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。多数情况下将间接宾语变为主语。如果直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前要加介词to / for。
（主动）He showed me a book yesterday.
（被动）I was showed a book yesterday.
（被动）The book was showed to me yesterday.
3）主语＋谓语动词＋复合宾语
含有一个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语，变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语保留不变，成为主语补足语。
（主动）I found him a good pupil. （宾语补足语）
（被动）He was found a good pupil. （主语补足语）
4）短语动词变为被动语态
有些短语动词相当于一个及物动词，其后可以接宾语，因此它们也有被动语态，但短语动词是不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不可去掉其后面的介词或副词。
（主动）We should look after the patients very well.
（被动）The patients should be looked after very well by us.
5）宾语从句变为被动语态
若主动语态中是宾语从句，变为被动语态时常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。 It’s said that he passed the exam.
被动语态应注意的几个特殊问题：
（1）不及物动词带介词和介词宾语，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。
（主动）The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.
（被动）The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.（2）当动词带有复合宾语时，并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”。
（主动）They make do all the work.
（被动）We were made to do all the work.
（主动）We often hear her sing English songs.
（被动）She is often heard to sing English songs.
（主动）I see him walk to school.
（被动）He is seen to walk to school.
望采纳
B. 初中英语有哪些知识点
初中英语怎么学?初中英语学习技巧有哪些?
英语是从小学就开始学习的一门课程,但是很多的学生升到初中的时候会发现比较难学,可能会出现听不懂的问题,那么初中英语怎么学?
初中英语怎么学?
当开学之后学习英语的时候,总会被很多的问题所困扰,其实,只要了解合理的方法就可以改善这些问题,学习这们课程重在词汇量的积累,所以每天挤出一点时间来增加你的词汇量,多练习你的口语,或者请一个属于你的老师对你进行专业的辅导,这样可以在不久之后取的自己理想的分数.
在我们学习这们课程的时候,只要注意学习的方式,就可以很快的改善学习的速度,更快的完成你心中的目标,下面向大家介绍几种学习英语的技巧,希望可以帮助到大家.
初中英语怎么学的重点---积累
首先,要想学好这们课程,词汇量的学习这们语言的基础,那么怎样才可以增加自己的词汇量呢?很简单,你只要做到每天积累一些就可以了,但要记住,一定是从简单到复杂,先去学习常用的单词,因为这些单词为何被称为常用,是因为你在哪里都可以见到他,如果这些单词你都无法理解,那么就不用再谈积这一说法了.
初中英语怎么学的重点---练习
可以多练习自己的口语,不要怕自己说错,或者不敢说,在刚开始的时候一定会出现很多错误,甚至学习这们课程很久的人在口语上也会出现错误,所以错误并不可怕,只要做到及时的纠正就可以,更不要因为胆怯而不敢说,要明白你说出来,听的人是别人,你并不感觉到什么,一定要去说,只有说了,你才能知道自己的不足,然后你才可以提升自己的分数以及水平,在学习的时候可以多像别人讨教,这样对自己的学习有很大的好处.
最后,你可能在学习到难点之后,需要请一个只属于你的老师,如果你真的想学习好这们课程,小编建议找一个老师,跟着他去学习,这样你才能弥补自己的不足,帮你躲过英语中的那些错误,时间一长你会发现你的英语成长的速度是非常快的,并且可以取得自己想要的成绩,希望这篇初中英语怎么学内容当中的技巧能够帮助到你,只要按以上的方式学习就可以取得自己想要的分数.
C. 初三英语知识点（新目标的）
Unit 1---2 How do you study for a test? Diana （上）一、语法：1.复习已学过的各种时态。2. 介词之后的动词要加-ing,代词用宾格。3.动名词做主语。A: How do you study for a test?B: I study by working with friends / making flashcards / reading aloud the text book / listening to tapes1. be good at , 在某方面做得好We are all good at playing the piano.2. do well in 在某方面做得好. They all do well in running.3. take pride in 以…..感到骄傲。 He takes pride in winning the champion 4. take part in 参加. He is going to take part in jumping in the sports meeting.5. take an interest in 对……感兴趣 be interested in 对……感兴趣Jimmy takes an interest in improving his spoken English.Martin Murray was not interested in studying and he often got into trouble with the police.6 .how / what about ……. 怎么样 ？A：How do I deal with this problem?B：How about asking the teacher for help?7.worry about 担忧. be serious about 对……是认真的He has been worrying about her leaving.Liu Yu is serious about running.8.complain about 抱怨Teachers complain about teaching tired students.What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation ?When we ask about studying grammar……I’m doing a survey about learning English.9.instead of 代替，be afraid of / be terrified of 害怕, be proud of 为感……到骄傲My partner used to be afraid of being alone .Now he is still terrified of being alone .Let’s make flashcard instead of listening to the tape. The secrets of becoming a good language learner is doing lots of listening practice.Don’t spend too much time playing computer games.Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends.15. pay attention to 注意 介词Try to make my mother pay more attention to me . We should pay more attention to watching the development of things.16. give up 放弃 、stay up 熬夜 、 end up 结束Luckily, his mother was patient and didn’t give up trying to help him.We get excited about something and then end up ____________ ( speak ) in Chinese.17.Long vocations would give us time to do things like volunteering . 像……一样，介词18.We have nothing against running .
D. 初三人教版英语各单元知识点
Unit1：by 的用法 by+v-ing
Unit2：used to be 是重点 意思是 “过去常常”
Unit3：被动语态 sb should be allowed to do sth “某人应该被允许做某事
Unit4：虚拟语气 If i were …，i would …
Unit5：sth belong to sb 某物属于某人
Unit6：定语从句
Unit7：知识点多 忘了 ⊙﹏⊙
Unit8：put off+v-ing , work as, sw+adj
Unit9：被动语态 本单元重点单词：invent，be invented ，inventor
Unit10：过去完成时 标志性词语：by the time,realize
Unit11：宾语从句，注意从句的语序 和先行词
Unit12：be supposed to 句型
Unit13:make sb do sth ,make sb adj
Unit14：现在完成时：have done结构
Unit15：各个单元都有一些 单词表里单词的句型
ps:每个单元的标题很重要
E. 初三英语知识点（全部）
Unit1：by 的用法 by+v-ing
Unit2：used to be 是重点 意思是 “过去常常”
Unit3：被动语态 sb should be allowed to do sth “某人应该被允许做某事
Unit4：虚拟语气 If i were …，i would …
Unit5：sth belong to sb 某物属于某人
Unit6：定语从句
Unit7：知识点多 忘了 ⊙﹏⊙
Unit8：put off+v-ing , work as, sw+adj
Unit9：被动语态 本单元重点单词：invent，be invented ，inventor
Unit10：过去完成时 标志性词语：by the time,realize
Unit11：宾语从句，注意从句的语序 和先行词
Unit12：be supposed to 句型
Unit13:make sb do sth ,make sb adj
Unit14：现在完成时：have done结构
Unit15：各个单元都有一些 单词表里单词的句型
ps:每个单元的标题很重要
过去常常做某事 used to do sth 习惯做某事 be used to doing sth 激光唱机 a CD player 输入 put into 全神贯注于……中 put one’s heart into 想出、提供 come up with 拾起某物 pick up sth 向某人借某物 borrow sth from sb 把某物借给某人 lend sb sth/lend sth to sb 带给某人知识 give sb knowledge 在校园内的室外 outside in the schoolyard 忘记要做某事 forget to do sth 忘记曾经做过的事 forget doing sth 第二天 the next day 上一周 last week 几天以后 several days later 迟早 sooner or later 更糟糕的是 what be worse 为……而付款 pay for… 所借的书 borrowed books 在国外 be abroad 整理床铺 make the bed 把某物归还给某人 return sth to sb 从某人处得到某物get sth from sb 顺手拿走、偷走 walk away with 鼓励某人做某事 encourage ab to do sth Unit 2 水上运动 water sports 一天三次 three times a day 尝试 have a try / want a go 遍及全世界 all over the world 许许多多、大量 a large number of 一年到头，终年 all the year round 不管 no matter 放弃做某事 give up doing sth 放弃工作 give up one’s job 以冲浪为生 live to surf 看起来令人兴奋 look exciting 因……而著名 be famous for 在A和B之间 between A and B 例如 for example 从那时起 ever since 打零工 a part-time assistant 休息一晚 have a night off 使某人舒畅（开心）make sb fit 乐趣无穷 such great fun 动身去某地 leave for sw. 一等奖 first prize 冲浪竞赛 a surfing competition 奥林匹克运动会 Olympic Games 出差,因公 on business 时光飞逝，光阴似箭，日月如梭 (How) time flies! 迄今为止 so far 到某处旅游 travel to sw. 试着做某事 trying doing sth 尽力做某事 try to do sth 一个十二岁的男孩 a 12-year-old boy / a boy of 12 实现 come true 走进、踏入 step into 减速 slow down 又过了两个小时 another two hours 高度赞扬 speak highly of 因……感到自豪 be proud of doing sth / be proud to do sth 是…..的骄傲 be the pride of sb Unit 3 造纸厂 a paper factory 找出、查明 find out 倾倒, 倒入 pour… into 污水、废水 waste water 害怕某事（物） be afraid of sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth 传到某人耳中 come to one’s ears 将某物投入 throw sth in 将某物投入某处 throw sth into sw. 帮助做某事 help (to) do sth 保持城市整洁 keep the city clean 保护环境 protect the environment 绿化中国 Greener China 乱丢某物 litter / throw sth about 以……为根据 base on /be based on 在公共场所吐痰 spit in a public place 为干某事而做出(巨大)贡献 make a (great) contribution to doing sth 砍伐 cut down 收垃圾的车 a truck collecting rubbish Unit 4 尽快 as soon/quickly as possible; as soon /quickly as one can 现在 right now 乘飞机旅行 travel by plane/ air 匆匆行程 a rushed trip 火车旅途 a train ride 打的前往 take a taxi to 卧铺车箱 a sleeping car 四处走走 walk around 感到疲惫 feel tired 打牌 play cards 一直不断干某事 keep doing sth 不断老是做某事 keep on doing sth 为某人提供某物 offer sb sth 练习干某事 practise doing sth 很快睡熟了 fall fast asleep 持久 last long 持续一段时间 last for some time 旅行 go on a trip/ have a trip / be on a trip 拍照 take photos / pictures 赶快 hurry up 在某人一生中 in one’s life 留言 leave a message 冲洗, 显影 come out Unit 5 过来、加油 come on 开家庭会议 have a family meeting 谈论 talk about 去度假 go for a holiday / go on holiday 决定干某事 decide to do sth 潜水 scuba diving 在因特网上 on the Internet 上网查寻 search the Internet 双击左键 double left click 因特网图标 the Internet icon 键入网址 type in the Website 按回车键 press the enter button 花市 a flower market 驯鹿公园 a deer park 单程 one-way trip 往返双程 round trip 珊瑚礁 coral reefs 快速列车 a fast train 向前走 walk along 照直走 go straight along 请稍等 just / wait a minute Unit 6 报警 call the police 出事故 have an accident 去冲浪 go surfing 骑马 ride a horse 拜访某人 visit sb 允许某人做某事 allow sb to do sth 使它成为可能 make it possible 水下呼吸器 the scuba machine 对……感兴趣 be interested in 摄像 make videos 制作电视节目 make a TV show 对……感到惊讶 be amazed /surprised at 保护环境 save /protect the environment 保持某物清洁 keep sth clean 清理、打扫 clean up 鼓励某人干某事 encourage sb to do sth 参加……活动 take part in sth /doing sth 长达…… as long as… 在世界上 on earth / in the world 以……为生、为主食 feed on… 在沙滩上 on the beaches 警告某人做某事 warn sb to do sth 去看望、拜访某人go to visit sb 走出 get out of 就这么定了。 That’s a deal. Unit 7 能 be able to 持续做…… keep doing sth 让某人持续做某事 keep sb doing sth 操作、从事、致力于…… work on sth 改变世界 change the world 试验新的想法（创新）try out new ideas 在校上学 be in school 与……无/有关 have nothing / something to do with… 对……感兴趣 be interested in 在12岁时 at the age of 12 铁轨 railway tracks 冲过去 rush out 把孩子抱到安全地带carry the boy to safety 如此……以致…… so… that… 对……评价高，看重 think a lot of 考虑、关心 think of 开发 open up 关小 turn dow ...
F. 初中的英语知识点
你这个问题问对人了，我现在是高一的学生，对学习英语有一番心得，把我的学习方法介绍给你，不知道合不合用就是了。
说起上一年我们初三的英语大多数的都是以背单词和背固定搭配、短语为主（这个啊，真的是我们国家教育的悲哀啊！）因为初中有选择题，百分之七八十会涉及到这些，所以这是必背的。并不用太执着于看太多的书，那也是没有用的，倒不如学学基本的语法，写作文的时候千万不要出现语法错误，表达合适的话拿个差不多满分也是可以的了，顶多会被扣2到3分嘛。
至于高中呢，当然是不能采用这种学习方法的了，因为高中没有选择题嘛，最重要的就是词汇了，所以一定要有很大的词汇量，这样才可以完拿阅读题的分，这个是至关重要的，如果你的初中作文过关的话呢，我想高中的作文也是没有问题的了，还有一点不同的是，现在高中还有口语过关，所以要考高分听力和口语也是必不可少的，介绍你一个方法，我是一个李阳疯狂英语分子，这样子对口语提高得很快，有兴趣可以试一下的喔~~
我的方法就是这些了，不知道对你有没有用，我的英语成绩可是挺好的喔~~
G. 九年级英语知识点
九年级英语 Unit 11知识点 人教新目标版
③由if , whether 引导 表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)
I don’t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。
④由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义
Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？
⑤从句时态要与主句一致：当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态
He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
I don’t know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？
当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)
He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。
I didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。九年级英语 Unit 13知识点 人教新目标版
bit too careful of your health？你对个人的健康难道不是有点过于小心了吗？Look out！There’s danger ahead.当心！前面有危险。
2. At times an ad can lead you to buy something you don’t need at all.有时广告可能导致你买你根本不需要的东西。
疑点：at times= sometime，是副词性短语，表示事物发生的频率。如：He is late for school at times.他有时上学迟到。
难点：1)对含有at times的短语进行提问时，用How soon，如：How soon does he go to school late？At times. 2)句中lead意为“使得、导致”，常用于短语lead sb. to do sth.“导致某人做某事”如：What leads you to think so？
3.Soft lighting makes people look good，but it make food look bad.柔和的光线使人的脸色看上去很好看，但使食物看起来很难看。
疑点：look good/bad意思为“外表的颜色看起来好看/难看”，如：The traffic accident made him look bad.
难点：look fine/ well指看起来身体健康，如：You look better today than yesterday.你今天看上去比昨天好多了。
4. It makes me want to join a clean-up campaign.这让我想加入一次清扫大运动。九年级英语 Unit 15知识点 人教新目标版
nt意为“发明”，即创造出以前从未存在过的东西。
Edison invented the electric lamp.爱迪生发明了电灯。
Radio had just been invented then.那时无线电刚刚发明出来。
◎find意为“找到”，侧重于找到过去丢失的人或物，但有时也表示凭经验或偶然发现了一种东西。
Today, corn is found all over the world.今天，全世界都有了玉米。
She found him a very good pupil.她发现他是个非常好的学生。
◎有时find和discover可以互相替代，意思相同。
His notebook was found/discovered in the desk.他的笔记本是在课桌里找到的。
2. Some of the swamps have become polluted. (P119)一些沼泽地受到了污染。
have become polluted 中的become是连系动词，polluted是过去分词。这种“系动词+过去分词”结构，意思上也接近被动语态。
The slodier got wounded(接近were wounded)in the battle.这几名战士在这场战斗中受了伤。
A few minutes later, the ground became/was covered with snow.几分钟后地上尽是雪。
3. They provide homes for many endangered animals... (P120)他们为许多濒临灭绝的动
疑点：注意join的用法：(1)join加入军队，政党，组织等，成为其中一员。 如：The next year he joined the union.第二年他加入了工会。(2)join加入某人，并一起进行某项活动。如：She joined her husband in his study.她与她的丈夫一块从事他的研究。
难点：与join意思相近的短语take part in也表示“参加……”，take an active part in积极参
Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？
2. get v. 得到、买、到达； 3. make a telephone call 打电话
4. save money 省钱、存钱
5. ①问路常
H. 初三英语知识点 初三英语总复习资料
初 中 语 法 项 目 表 ( 加“＊”号的项目只要求理解)
1. 词类：1)名词 2)形容词 3)副词 4)动词 5)代词 6)冠词 7)数词 8)介词 9)连词 10)感叹词
＊2. 构词法：
1)合成法 classroom, something, reading-room
2)派生法 worker, drawing, quickly, careful, kindness,
cloudy, unhappy
3)转化法 hand (n. )—hand (v. )
dry ( adj. )—dry ( v. )
3. 名词
1)可数名词和不可数名词
2)名词的复数
3)专有名词
4)所有格
4. 代词
1)人称代词的主格和宾格形式
2)物主代词的形容词与名词性形式
3)反身代词 myself, himself, ourselves, etc.
4)指示代词 this, that, these, those
5)不定代词 some, any, no, etc.
6)疑问代词 what, who, whose, which, etc.
5. 数词 基数词和序数词
6. 介词 词汇表中所列介词的基本用法
7. 连词 词汇表中所列连词的基本用法
8. 形容词
1)作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法
2)比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级)的基本用法
( 1)构成 -er, -est; more, the most
( 2)基本句型
as＋原级形式＋as. . .
not as ( so)＋原级形式＋as. . .
比较级形式＋than. . .
the＋最高级形式＋. . . in ( of). . .
9. 副词
1)表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法
2)疑问副词when, where, how
3)比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级)
( 1)构成 -er, -est; more, the most
( 2)基本句型
as＋原级形式＋as. . .
not as ( so)＋原级形式＋as. . .
比较级形式＋than. . .
the＋最高级形式＋. . . in ( of). . .
＊10. 冠词 一般用法
11. 动词
＊1)动词种类
( 1)行为动词或实义动词
1及物动词
2不及物动词
( 2)连系动词 be, look, turn, get, become, etc.
( 3)助动词 be, do, have, shall, will, etc.
( 4)情态动词 can, may, must, need, etc.
2)时态
( 1)一般现在时
I get up at six o'clock every morning.
He doesn't speak Russian.
They are very busy.
The moon moves round the earth.
When you see him, tell him to come to my place.
I'll go to see you tonight if I'm free.
( 2)一般过去时
I was in Grade One last year.
I got up at five yesterday.
( 3)一般将来时
1. shall ( will)＋动词原形
I shall ( will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon.
She will be here tomorrow.
2. be going to＋动词原形
I'm going to help him.
( 4)现在进行时
We're reading the text now.
They're waiting for a bus.
( 5)现在完成时
I have already posted the letter.
They have lived here for ten years.
＊ ( 6)过去进行时
We were having a meeting this time yesterday.
The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her.
＊ ( 7)过去完成时
We had learned four English songs by the end of last year.
The film had already begun when I got to the cinema.
She said that she had not heard from him since he left Beijing.
＊ ( 8)过去将来时
He said he would go to the cinema that evening.
Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.
3)被动语态
( 1)一般现在时的被动语态
English is taught in that school.
( 2)一般过去时的被动语态
The song was written by that worker.
( 3)一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态
She must be sent to hospital at once.
4)动词不定式
＊ ( 1)作主语
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
( 2)作宾语
They began to read.
( 3)作宾语补足语
Jim asked me to help him with his lessons.
We often heard her sing.
＊ ( 4)作定语
I have an important meeting to attend.
( 5)作状语
She went to see her grandma yesterday.
( 6)用在how, when, where, what, which等之后
I don't know how to use a computer.
Do you know when to start?
He didn't know what to do next.
12. 句子种类
1)陈述句 ( 肯定式和否定式)
2)疑问句 ( 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)
3)祈使句 ( 肯定式和否定式)
＊4)感叹句
＊13. 句子成份
1)主语
Betty likes her new bike.
He gets up early every day.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
2)谓语
We work hard.
The boy caught a bird.
He is my brother.
They all look fine.
3)表语
Her sister is a nurse.
It's me.
I'm ready.
He got angry.
We were at home last night.
His cup is broken.
4)宾语
Tom bought a story-book.
I saw him yesterday.
He wanted to have a cup of tea.
5)直接宾语和间接宾语
He gave me some ink.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
6)宾语补足语
Call her Xiao Li.
You must keep the room clean.
John asked me to help him.
7)定语
This is a green jeep.
This is an apple tree.
Are these students your classmates?
Winter is the coldest season of the year.
I have something to tell you.
8)状语
You are quite right.
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.
He stopped to have a look.
14. 简单句的五种基本句型
第一种 主语＋连系动词＋表语 ( S＋V＋P)
The bike is new.
The map is on the wall.
第二种 主语＋不及物动词 ( S＋V)
He swims.
第三种 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 ( S＋V＋O)
Children often sing this song.
第四种 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ( S＋V＋IO＋DO)
She showed her friends all her pictures.
第五种 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ( S＋V＋O＋C)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
15. 并列句
He likes maths, but he needs help.
I help him and he helps me.
16. 复合句
1)宾语从句
He said ( that) he felt sick.
I don't know whether ( if) she still works in the factory.
I take back what I said.
I can't tell who is there.
Can you tell me where the Summer Palace is?
2)状语从句
The train had left when I got to the station.
I'll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I'm free.
The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help.
The earth is bigger than the moon.
He was so tired that he couldn't walk on.
＊ Jack worked hard so that he might get a good job.
Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily.
＊3)定语从句
Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt.
Show me the picture that you like best.
Colour the birds which ( that) are flying.
I. 初中英语知识要点
1． 名词