医学英语文献
⑴ 医学专业英语文献，求帮我人工翻译。截止到12月4号20点。急！
Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5)
生长分化因子5(GDF-5)
GDF-5 acts as a signal for chondrogenesis, growth, and patterning of the developing vertebrate skeleton. It is expressed in the interzone of developing joints. GDF-5 is a member of the transforming growth factor _ (TGF_) superfamily of signaling molecules and is involved in articular cartilage development, maintenance, and regeneration (34). GDF-5 promotes chondrocyte differentiation and stimulates proteoglycan synthesis.
GDF5_/_ mice (brachypodism) develop interphalangeal wrist and ankle joint defects (34).
GDF-5是作为软骨形成、生长及脊椎骨架发育模式的一种信号，其位置是在发育的关节区域间。GDF-5属于转化生长因子(TGF)信号分子的超家族成员之一，它涉及关节软骨组织的成长、维护和再生（34）。它推进软骨细胞分化，并刺激蛋白聚糖的合成。GDF-5_/_短肢症的小鼠形成腕关节间与踝关节的缺损（34）。
Mutations in GDF-5 cause angel-shaped epiphyseal dysplasia, characterized by early-onset OA affecting the hip and hand joints (OMIM no. 105835). Indivials present with short stature, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, and hypodontia. The middle phalangeal shortening in angel-shaped epiphyseal dysplasia is similar to that observed in brachydactyly C, and this observation led to the identification of GDF5 mutations in this entity.
GDF-5的基因突变会造成天使型骨骺发育不全，其特征是影响臀部与手关节的早发性关节炎（OMIM no. 105835）。患者体现出身体矮小、多种多样的骨骺发育异常及缺牙症。天使型骨骺发育异常所显现的中部指骨的短缩与C型指骨短缩症所观察到的症状类似，这是确诊GDF-5基因突变的导向。
Heterozygous mutations in GDF5 also cause brachydactyly type C, characterized by short middle phalanges and the first metacarpal joints (35). Homozygous GDF5 mutations give rise to the Grebe and Hunter-Thompson forms of acromesomelic skeletal dysplasias and Du Pan dysplasia (35). Polymorphisms in the promoter of GDF5 (Table 3) are thought to predict susceptibility to hip and knee OA in Asian populations. The susceptibility polymorphism results in reced transcriptional activity in chondrogenic cells.
GDF-5 的杂合性突变也会导致C型指骨短缩症，其特征是中部指骨及第一掌骨短小（35）。
GDF-5的纯合性突变则会导致格雷贝与亨特-汤普森综合症的肢端肢中骨骼发育异常及杜潘骨骺综合症（35）。由GDF-5促进的基因多态性（表格3）被认为是预测亚洲人群易患上臀部与膝盖关节炎；感染这种基因多态性的后果是软骨细胞中的转录活力降低。
注：先翻译一半，太长了！况且，要求期限已过，不知还有需要吗！！
【英语牛人团】