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英语知识

发布时间: 2020-11-21 12:27:46

『壹』 常见英语知识

May I take a picture with you?
Do you mind taking a picture with me?
How about taking a picture together?

『贰』 英语知识

at an end,在一端

1. in the end 和 at last 差不多,就是指 在最后,

They won in the end. 最后他们赢了。

2.at the end of 是 在……的最后,

He could eat nothing at the end of his life. 在他生命的最后日版子他什么也权吃不了了。

3.by the end of 通常表示将来 , 到……快结束/末尾的时候
By the end of 2007, I will go to Hainan to spend my holiday.
到2007年底的时候,我要去海南度假。

『叁』 英语的基本知识

单词!! 任何时候··不管你怎么冲刺都是单词最重要! 下面是基本语法知识和考点 一 代数 名词 数词
1 在使用两个以上的人称代词时 顺序是:第二人称 第三人称 第一人称
2 everyone后面不可以跟of短语 every one 就可以
3 以‘名词/动名词+介词(短语)/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词,它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数 直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数 以‘man 或者woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数 以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式 如:homework
4 物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时 几乎都可做可数名词 如:different teas
当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时 其前可加a/an
6 名词所有格要点:必须用’s的场合
1)’s属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值的名词之后
2)作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s
3)人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加’s
4)当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物 如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省略
5)复合名词在最后一个词后加’s
6)当被修饰的名词后有同位语时,必须用’s
7 当用来表示类别或属性时,要用’s children’s shoes 儿童鞋 , 必须用of的场合
1)名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时
2)以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时
如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数形式 如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of
8 表示顺序的两种方式:
1)‘名词+基数词’,不用冠词,如Chapter four
2) ’the+序数词+名词‘ 如the Fourth Chapter
9 倍数增减的表示法
1) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than
2) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as
3) 倍数+名词
4) 动词+百分比或倍数
5) 动词+to+数词
6) double/triple/quadruple+名词
7) 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数
10 分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词 分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数
11 百分比后接名词时加of
二 形容词 副词
1)前置修饰语的排列顺序
可以至于冠词前的形容词(all both such) -----冠词,指示形容词,所有格形容词,不定形容词(a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词(one ) 序数词(first)------------ 表示性质,状态,质量的形容词(good useful)--------------表示大小,长短,形状的形容词----------------表示年龄,新旧,温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词---------------------表示国籍,产地,区域的形容词-----------表示材料,用做形容词的名词----------动名词,分词
2)后置修饰语 由前缀a-构成的形容词
3)形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时,必须后置
4)enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后,但当它作副词修饰形容词或副词时,必须后置
5)有些形容词本身就有‘比....年长’,‘比.......... 优等的意思 这些形容词后面用介词to 而不用than
6)much too 作为副词短语修饰形容词或副词,不修饰名词
7)more 不能用来修饰比较级
8)与名词连用的more of a .../as much of a.../more of a....意为更像....
9)as much of a...意为称得上,less of a 意为算不上
10)none other than(不是别人,正是)=no other than
11)any/sone/every与other连用时,其后若用可数名词,一般为单数
三 情态动词
1)can 用于否定句cannot(help)but表示不能不,只能(but后跟不带to的动词不定式)
2)must 表示禁止,一定不要时的否定式为mustn’t 当它表示有把握的推断时 意为一定 准是时 它的否定形式为can’t
3)need doing=need to be done 这个句型表示被动意味
4)need not have done sth 表示本来没有必要做某事 (经常考)
四 虚拟语气
从句 主句
1)与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should(第一人称)would(其它人称)+have+过去分词
与现在事实相反 一般过去式(动词be用were) would/should/could/might+动词原型
与将来事实相反 过去式或should/were+动原 would/should/could/might+动词原型
2)It is (high/about/the)time.........谓语动词用过去式 指现在或将来的情况 表示早该做某事而现在已经有点晚了
3)It is the first(second/third)time后的that从句中,谓语动词要用完成体来表示一种经验
4)as if/though 的虚拟要点
1)对当时事实的假设,从句谓语用过去式,be动词一律用were
2)对过去事实的假设,从句谓语用过去完成式
3)对未来事实的假设,从句谓语用would+动词原型

『肆』 知识的英文单词是什么

知识的英文单词:knowledge

knowledge 读法 英['nɒlɪdʒ]美['nɑlɪdʒ]

作名词的意思是:知识,学问;知道,认识;学科

短语:

1、human knowledge人的认识

2、expert knowledge专家知识,专门知识

3、domain knowledge领域知识

4、theory of knowledge认识论;熟悉论

5、in the knowledge that在知道…的情况下

(4)英语知识扩展阅读

一、knowledge的词义辨析:

knowledge,scholarship, learning这组词都有“知识、学问”的意思,其区别是:

1、knowledge强调对全部已知或可知的知识的理解。

2、scholarship侧重指经过深入学习、研究而获得的渊博的、价值较高的知识。

3、learning指通过研究、经验或他人传授而得到的知识;也指熟练掌握知识的过程,有时可指全部学识和智慧的总和。

二、knowledge的近义词:scholarship

scholarship 读法 英['skɒləʃɪp]美['skɑlɚʃɪp]

作名词的意思是:奖学金;学识,学问

词汇搭配:

1、apply for a scholarship 申请一笔奖学金

2、award a scholarship 授予奖学金

3、scientific scholarship 科学上的学术成就

4、solid scholarship 扎实的学问

『伍』 英语小知识

There are still many problems of environmental protection in recent years. One of the most serious problems is the serious pollution of air, water and soil. the polluted air does great harm to people’s health. The polluted water causes diseases and death. What is more, vegetation had been greatly reced with the rapid growth of modern cities.
To protect the environment, governments of many countries have done a lot. Legislative steps have been introced to control air pollution, to protect the forest and sea resources and to stop any environmental pollution. Therefore, governments are playing the most important role in the environmental protection today.
In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through ecation. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves.
保护环境
目前环保还存在着许多问题。最严重的问题就是空气、水和土壤的严重污染。污染的空气对人类的健康十分有害。污染的水引起疼病,造成死亡。更有甚者,随着现代社会的迅速扩建,植被大大的减少。
为了保护环境,各国政府做了大量的工作。采用了立法措施控制大气污染,保护森林资源和海洋资源,制止任何环境污染。因此,在当今的环保中政府起着最重要的作用。
我的看法是,为了保护环境,政府应当采取更具体的措施。首先,应当通过教育的方法使人们充分謒到环境保护的重要性。第二,应更加努力把计划生育政策付诸实施,因为人口多就意味着污染严重。最后,要严惩那些故意破坏环境者。使他们破坏环境就是毁灭人类自己。
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英语常识:

English words are strings of letters together, so we had some different characteristics of Chinese written characters. Here's some examples of the little knowledge about the English words to increase the recitation of interest.

1, the number of English words: For the exact number is difficult to calculate. However, linguists generally believed that the number of English words, if you do not include specific words, names, place names, etc., about 170,000 or so. However, there are about 70,000 words of which are already or about to be eliminated, so less volume is 10 million.

2, consecutive letters: English word, the word generally refers to the inherent (non-derived synthetic), the same letters do not have three consecutive occurrences, but if we add before the suffix to the word or compound word formed to difficult to determine. Such as the governess (Nvzong Du) into governessship (Nvzong Du ties), there have been three consecutive scenes of the same letter was.

3, simultaneous five vowels: the English alphabet in a, e, i, o, u five vowels, but this five-letter words which appear in the same time is very rare, but it did. If the order according to their inherent appear in the same word, it is less. abstemious (moderate) is one. If you do not by their inherent order, they are consecutive words are: Rousseauian (Rousseau), Rousseau was a great French thinkers.

4, the longest word: the word should be to play the longest, it is not fixed. Some professional and technical aspects of the word, sometimes up to dozens of letters, only the knowledge of experts in the instry. The words used in the longest peacetime is antidisestablishmentarianism (endorsed state support for the church), the 28 letters.

5, usually we see the long point of the letter words often repeated, as there are repeated examination in a, i, n. the inherent word, longest word without repeating letters is unrightable (can not get right protection ), a total of fifteen letters.

6, the majority of English sentences are repeated letters, and can not contain all the 26 letters. The following sentence contains the 26 letters are The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. (A quick, brown fox jumps over a lazy dog.) This sentence contains 26 letters is the shortest sentence in it? Before this sentence appears in the following may be: Brick quiz whangs a jumpy veldt fox. (Tests on bricks stumped a South African grassland fox jumps).

7, the Chinese have palindromic phenomenon, then in English as well? Look at a word: It is said that there is a criminal, said: "Because I live in upside down (live), so the result of sin (evil). To live upside down to become evil, is sent province. English sentence the most famous palindrome one is exiled to Elba Island, when, the Napoleon of saying: Able was I ere I saw Elba (Elba Island, I saw, I was invincible.) used to read or look at this sentence is from the rear is the same.

英语单词是由字母组合起来的字符串,所以就产生了一些与汉语方块字不同的特点。下面就例举一些关于英语单词的小知识,增加背诵的兴趣。

1、英语单词的数量:对于其准确数量,是很难统计的。不过语言学家一般认为,英语单词的数量,如果不包括专用词汇、人名、地名等,大约有17万个左右。可是其中约有7万个单词是已经或者即将被淘汰的,所以大致数量是10万个。

2、连续出现的字母:英语单词中,一般指固有的单词(非派生合成的),不会有三个相同的字母连续出现的情况,但是如果我们给单词加上前后缀或组成合成词,就难以确定了。比如把governess(女总督)变成governessship(女总督职务),就出现了三个相同字母连续出现的情景了。

3、同时出现五元音:英语字母中有a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母,可是这五个字母在同一单词中同时出现的时候却很少见,但不是没有。如果按它们的固有的先后顺序在同一单词中出现,更是少了。abstemious(有节制的)却是一个。如果不按它们固有的顺序,它们连续出现的单词是:Rousseauian(卢梭的),Rousseau是一位伟大的法国思想家。

4、最长单词:要就起最长单词,这是不固定的。有些专业技术方面的单词,有时长达几十个字母,只有本行业的专家们认识。在平时用的单词中最长是antidisestablishmentarianism(赞同国家对教会的支持),由28个字母组成。

5、平时我们见的长点的单词往往有重复的字母,如examination中就有重复的a,i,n.在固有的单词中,不含重复字母最长单词是unrightable(不能获得版权保护的),共十五个字母。

6、多数英语句子都有重复的字母,而不能包含所有的26个字母。而下面一句话却含有这26个字母The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.(一只敏捷、棕色的狐狸跳过一只懒惰的狗)。那这句话是不是含有26个字母的最短的一句呢?在下面这句话出现之前可能是:Brick quiz whangs a jumpy veldt fox.(关于砖头的测验难住了一只跳跃的南非草原狐狸)。

7、汉语中有回文现象,那么英语中呢?先看一个单词:据说有一个罪犯说道:“因为我颠倒地生活(live),所以造成了罪恶(evil).把live倒过来就成了evil,令人发省。英语句子的回文中最有名的一个是当被流放到Elba岛时,拿破仑说的一句话:Able was I ere I saw Elba(在我看到Elba岛之前,我曾所向无敌)。从前看还是从后看这句话都是一样。

『陆』 关于英语的知识

定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。
3.定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
(一) 限定性定语从句
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等不定代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等,这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.
8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。
(二)非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
4. 有时as也可用作关系代词
5. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用关系副词why和关系代词that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物.;
(三)关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.
如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
(四)注意
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时
从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
注意:1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T=正确)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F=错误)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
(五)关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
[六)判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案:
例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose);
先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C. which D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which B. who C. what D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who B. whom C. that D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that B. as C. whom D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that
25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after
31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A.that B.which C.for which D.who
33.That is not the way ______I do it.
A./ B.which C.for which D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which
36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
A. who B. which C. that D. it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that B. which C. from that D. from which
38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.
A. that B. which C. who D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. / B. why C. when D. whose
40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.
A. that B. which C. it D. though
41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that
42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with
the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which
43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are
44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed
45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it
46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.
A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that
47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.
A. as B. that C. what D. who
49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which
50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been
参考答案及解析
1. A. which用作关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。
2.C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词,作介词to的宾语,可以省略。
3. D. where是关系副词,表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
4. C. when是关系副词,表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
5.A. which是关系代词,在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6.C. 解析同第5题。
7. A. 解析见第3题。
8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此,关系代词that是负数概念,其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the,则the one应该视为先行词。
9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词,其后要用which作宾语,不能用that。
10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.
11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.
12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.
13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.
14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.
15. D. the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.
16. D. such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.
17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词,而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后,也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.
18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.
19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配,其中such和same修饰其后的名词,as为关系代词,指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.
20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.
21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.
22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.
23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.
24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which
25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for "以……..而闻名".
26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语.
27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.
28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中,常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where,而that常可省略。
29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.
30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.
31. A. The reason why… was that….已成为一种固定句型,这一句中的why和that不能随意换位,也不能将that改成because,尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。
32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
33. A. 解释见28题.
34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.
35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配,其中such和same修饰其后的名词,as为关系代词,指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.
36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
37. D.
38. D. 解析见35题.
39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.
40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.
41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.
42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.
43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“…..的数目”,是单数概念。因此,主句的谓语动词要用is。
44. D. that followed是定语从句,关系代词that在从句中作主语。
45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰,关系代词要用that,而不用which。
46. B. through which引导定语从句,through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句,并作从句的主语。
47. B. 为便于理解,改写本句话:This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出,作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句,因为that同时又作visited的宾语,所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。
48. A. 解释见35题。
49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此,C是正确选项。
50. B. 本句话中,主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此,其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语。

这是我以前在网络搜集的

『柒』 英语知识

rise与raise的区别和用法

这两个词虽不同义,但因意义上有联系而易被混淆。
1.rise是“上升,上涨,起床,站立”的意思。该词含义较广,总的意思是指依次上升,如自然界的日、月、星、雾、云的上升,人体从睡、跪、坐、躺等姿势站立起来等。该词为不及物动词,其过去式与过去分词分别是rose和risen。如:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.日出于东而落于西。
Prices rise every day in those countries.那些国家里的物价天天上涨。
The chairman rose from his chair.主席从椅子上站了起来。
2.raise用作及物动词,其基本含义是“使升起来,举起”,它的过去分词和过去式都是raised。如:
Heavy rains raised the river.暴雨使河水水位升高。
We must raise the living standard of the people.
我们必须提高人民的生活水平。
His speech raised my interest.他的发言激起了我的兴趣。
3.与raise常搭配的固定说法有:
raise a subject提出一个问题
raise one’s voice提高嗓门
raise a family养家糊口
raise money筹款
raise price提高价格
raise one’s spirits打起精神

-- Lisa is right
-- So she is.

-- I don't want to go.
-- Neither do I.

『捌』 英语专业知识

学习美国英语的发音有两大法宝,一种叫做“KK音标”,一种叫做“发音宝典”。KK音标是美国英语的音标符号,是音位的书写形式,一共有五十个,发音宝典是美国英语的发音规则,即什么字母在什么情况下发什么音的规则。
美国英语和汉语是不一样的。汉语是方块字,人们为了把字写得整齐美观,就在所写的材料画上方格,在方格内写字。宋代活字印刷术出现后,人们就在规则方块模字中造字,特别是近代出现的书写速度较慢的仿宋体、黑体、宋体,字体四棱方正,清晰易认,但这些字本身不表示任何声音,也就是说字和发音是完全不搭界的,比如说:“嬲”这个字,不念“男”,也不念“女”,而念“鸟”的音,也就是niao三声。美国英语是拼音文字,由字母组成单字,它的发音是靠字母来表示的。美国英语字母有26个,其中字母a、e、i、o、u是元音字母,其余21个是辅音字母,其中y字母有时当元音字母用。每个字母可以有一个或一个以上的读音,因此,美国英语共有50个音位,音位的书写形式是音位字母,即音标符号,一个音位字母即音标,表示一个音位。
前元音/i ɪ ɛ æ/
/i/ 舌尖靠近下齿,舌前部上抬靠近硬腭,口型扁平,上下齿之间稍稍分开。
/ɪ/ 舌位中高,口型扁平,上下齿之间可容纳一个小指尖。
/ɛ/ 舌尖靠近下齿,舌前部稍稍抬起,口型扁平,上下齿之间可容纳一个中指。
/æ/ 舌前部微微抬起,舌尖轻触下齿,双唇向两边平伸,张开口,上下齿之间可容纳一个食指和一个中指。
后元音/ɑ ɑ ɔ ʊ u/
/ɑ/ 张开口,舌身平放后缩,舌面微微下凹,舌尖离开下齿。
/ɑ/ 口腔打开,口张大,舌头向后缩,双唇呈圆形。
/ɔ/ 张开口,舌身低平后缩,双唇稍稍收圆,并向前突出。
凡发/ɑ/和/ɔ/的字母后有r字母时,一律加卷舌音,发音的最后,舌尖要卷起,并往后翻。
/ʊ/ 舌身后缩,舌后部向软腭抬起,舌位中高,双唇收圆,稍稍向前突出。
/u/ 舌身后缩,舌后部尽量向软腭抬起,舌尖离开下齿,双唇收圆,用力向前突出。
中元音/ʌ ɝ ə/
/ʌ/ 舌尖轻触下齿,舌中部稍抬起,牙床介于开与半开之间。
/ɝ/ 舌身平放,舌尖尽量向上齿龈卷起来,舌中部抬起,双唇向两边拉开,呈微笑状。
/ə/ 舌端离开下齿,舌中部抬高,舌位中低,牙床半开,双唇略扁平而放松,是三个中元音中最放松的一个音,总是出现在非重读音节中。
合口双元音/e o aɪ aʊ ɔɪ/
/e/ 合口双元音,由/ɛ/和/ɪ/两个单音组成,前重后轻,口型由介于半开半合之间向半合接近,元音字母a在重读开音节,重读相对开音节中念/e/。
/o/ 合口双元音,由/ə/和/ʊ/两个单音组成,其发音也有一个动程,口形由半开到半合,元音字母o在重读开音节,重读相对开音节中念/o/。
/aɪ/ 合口双元音,由/a/和/ɪ/两个单音组成,前重后轻,口型由全开到半合,元音字母i在重读开音节,重读相对开音节中念/aɪ/。
/aʊ/ 合口双元音,由/a/和/ʊ/两个单音组成,前重后轻,口形由全开到半合。
/ɔɪ/ 合口双元音,由/ɔ/和/ɪ/两个单音组成,前重后轻,双唇由圆到扁平,口形由半开到半合。
集中双元音:/ɪr ɛr ʊr or/
/ɪr/ 集中双元音,由/ɪ/和卷舌音/r/两个单音组成,双唇由半合到半开。
/ɛr/ 集中双元音,由/ɛ/和卷舌音/r/两个单音组成,舌端抵住下齿,双唇由大于半开向略小于半开,/ɛ/这个音介于/ɛ/和/æ/之间。
/ʊr/ 集中双元音,由/ʊ/和卷舌音/r/两个单音组成,双唇由圆形到扁平自然,由半合到半开。
/or/ 集中双元音,由后元音和卷舌音/r/两个单音组成,双唇由圆形到扁平自然。
爆破音/p b t d k g/
/p/双唇紧闭,然后突然张开,让气流冲出口腔,声带不振动。
/b/ 双唇紧闭,然后突然张开,让气流冲出口腔,声带需要振动,但爆破力不强。
/t/ 舌尖紧贴上齿龈,形成阻塞,然后突然下降,让气流冲出口腔,声带不振动,吐气极强。
/d/舌尖紧贴上齿龈,形成阻塞,然后突然下降,让气流冲出口腔,声带需要振动,吐气较弱。
/k/舌后部上抬紧贴上颚,形成阻塞,然后突然下降,让气流冲出口腔,声带不振动,吐气强。
/g/舌后部上抬紧贴上颚,形成阻塞,然后突然下降,让气流冲出口腔,声带需振动,吐气弱些。
摩擦音/f v s z θ ð ʃ ʒ r h/
/f/ 下唇轻触上齿,气流从唇齿间的缝隙中通过,形成摩擦,由口腔而出,声带不振动,吐气较强。
/v/ 下唇轻触上齿,气流从唇齿间的缝隙中通过,形成摩擦,由口腔而出,声带需要振动,吐气较弱。
/s/ 双唇微微张开,舌端接近上齿龈,气流从舌端齿龈之间送出,声带不振动,吐气较强。
/z/ 双唇微微张开,舌端接近上齿龈,气流从舌端齿龈之间送出,声带需要振动,吐气较弱。
/θ/ 舌尖轻触上齿背,放在上下齿之间,略略露出齿外,气流由舌齿之间送出,声带不振动。吐气较强。
/ð/ 舌尖轻触上齿背,放在上下齿之间,略略露出齿外,气流由舌齿之间送出,声带需要振动,吐气较弱。
/ʃ/ 舌端处于上齿龈后面,舌两侧接触上齿两侧,舌身与硬腭间形成较大的空隙,双唇分开,略成喇叭形,气流由舌身与硬腭间较大的空隙,形成摩擦,由口腔而出,声带不振动,吐气较强。
/ʒ/舌端处于上齿龈后面,舌两侧接触上齿两侧,舌身与硬腭间形成较大的空隙,双唇分开,略成喇叭形,气流由舌身与硬腭间较大的空隙,形成摩擦,由口腔而出,声带需要振动,吐气较弱。
/r/ 舌尖抬高,靠近上齿龈后背部,舌身向后缩,气流由舌端和上齿龈后背部之间形成摩擦,由口腔而出,双唇收圆,略微突出,声带需要振动。
/h/ 气流通过声门时,发生轻微摩擦,由口腔而出,口型不定,随后面与之相拼的元音而变化,声带不振动。这个音只出现在元音前。
破擦音/tʃ dʒ ts dz tr dr//tʃ/ 舌尖靠近上齿龈后部,形成阻碍,气流冲破阻塞后,舌与齿龈间发生摩擦,声带不振动。
/dʒ/ 舌尖靠近上齿龈后部,形成阻碍,气流冲破阻塞后,舌与齿龈间发生摩擦,声带需要振动。
/ts/ 舌端贴住上齿龈,堵住气流,然后略为下降,气流随之泄出口腔,声带不振动。
/dz/舌端贴住上齿龈,堵住气流,然后略为下降,气流随之泄出口腔,声带需要振动。
/tr/舌尖向上贴住上齿龈后部,形成阻碍,舌身与/r/相似,气流从舌尖与齿龈间冲出,声带不振动。
/dr/舌尖向上贴住上齿龈后部,形成阻碍,舌身与/r/相似,气流从舌尖与齿龈间冲出,声带需要振动。
鼻音/m n ŋ//m/双唇闭住,形成阻塞,气流从鼻腔中发出,声带需要振动。
/n/舌尖贴住上齿龈,形成阻塞,气流从鼻腔中发出,声带需要振动。
/ŋ/舌后部上抬,贴住下垂的软腭,堵住口腔通道,气流从鼻腔中发出,声带需要振动。
舌侧音/l/
/l/ 舌端紧贴上齿龈,形成阻塞,气流从舌的两侧泄出,声带需要振动。
半元音/hw w j/
/hw/ 舌后部向软腭抬起,双唇略收圆,气流经口腔,从唇间空隙通过,声带不振动。
/w/ 舌后部向软腭抬起,双唇略收圆并突出,气流经口腔,从唇间空隙通过,声带需要振动。
/j/舌前部向硬腭抬起,双唇向两边伸展呈扁平形,声带需要振动。
发音宝典,是美国英语的发音规则,美国英语的最大特点,是拼写和发音一致。如brother,拼写时有一个字母r,所以它就要把这个字母r的发音念出来,又如fast,这是一个重读闭音节字,所以字母a要念它的短音。又如clerk,美国英语就按重读r音节中的er的发音规则来念,还要注意卷舌。再如美国英语把剧院这个字写成theater,而不是theatre,是因为它原来的拼写与发音不一致。
一、英语的音节可以分为开音节、闭音节和r音节三种,开音节可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节。绝对开音节——元音字母是音节中的最后一个字母,如这个音节为重读音节,这个元音字母就发成长元音。
e me 我 be 是 he 他 she 她 ye 这个,那个(古英语定冠词) we 我们
i I 我 pie 派 die 死 lie 躺 tie 领带
o go 去 no 不
u mu 希腊字母μ nu 希腊字母ν Sue 苏 blue 蓝的 glue 胶水
y sky 天空 fly 飞 dry 干的 spy 间谍 shy 害羞的 cry 哭 my 我的
相对开音节——元音字母后面跟着一个辅音字母和一个不发音的元音字母e,如这个音节为重读音节,这个元音字母就发成长元音。
a-e cape 斗篷,岬角 name 名字 tape 磁带 age 年龄 sage 贤人
e-e these 这些
i-e bite 咬 five 五 kite 风筝
o-e rose 上升 nose 鼻子 rope 粗绳 note 音符
u-e tube 试管 cube 正方体 June 六月(注意,u的长音为/ju/,但是u在舌尖中音之后要念/u/)
y type 打字
闭音节——元音字母后面跟着一个或几个辅音字母,如这个音节为重读音节时,这个元音字母就发成短元音。
a mat 垫子 map 地图 bag 袋子 cat 猫 fan 风扇 hat 帽子 bat 球拍 apple 苹果
e egg 鸡蛋 well 井 red 红的 hen 母鸡 pen 钢笔 bed 床 bell 铃
i lick 舔 six 六 bib 围嘴儿 pig 猪 pin 别针 kiss 亲吻 ink 墨水 hill 丘陵
o ox 公牛 on 在……上面 octupus 章鱼 box 盒子 socks 短袜 operate 动手术,操作 ostrich 鸵鸟
u sun 太阳 umbrella 雨伞 bus 巴士 gun 枪 nut 核桃 uncle 伯父,叔父,舅父 under 在……下面
r音节——元音字母后面跟着字母r,这个音节为重读音节时,这个元音字母就要发成卷舌长元音。
or porch 门廊 pork 猪肉 horse 马 horn 号角 fort 防波堤 morning 早上 corn 玉米 fork 叉子
ar arm 手臂 armchair 扶手椅 car 小汽车 card 卡片 cart 二轮马车 farm 农场 park 公园 garden 花园
ur turtle 海龟 surf 冲浪 turkey 火鸡 Turkey 土耳其 fur 皮毛 hurt 疼痛 purse 钱包 nurse 护士
er mermaid 美人鱼
ir birthday 生日 circus 马戏团 dirty 脏的 dirt 尘土 bird 鸟 circle 圆 girl 女孩,女儿
元音字母在非重读音节中要弱化,但是o在词尾非重读音节时,不弱化,仍然读/o/。
y rainy 下雨的 sunny 晴天的 puppy 小狗 pony 小马 baby 婴儿 happy 快乐的
在非重读r音节里的元音字母,弱化为弱卷舌元音。
er sister 姐妹 brother 兄弟 under 在……下面 rooster 公鸡 winter 冬天 marker 记号笔 mother 母亲
代表音节的元音字母(组合)和另一个元音字母(组合)之间如果有一个辅音字母,该辅音字母划归后一个音节,则第一个音节为重读开音节,元音字母读其长音。如student 学生,open 打开。
代表音节的两个元音字母(组合)中间的辅音字母如果是v时,v一般划归第一个音节,第一个音节则为重读闭音节,元音字母读短音。元音字母+ve结尾的一部分单音节字也是如此。如:seven 七 clever 聪明的 live 住 give 给予 have 有
以-dy、-ty或-ry结尾的重读音节中元音字母也读短音。如:study、city、body、very等。代表音节的元音字母(组合)之间如有两个或两个以上的辅音字母,则第一个辅音字母划归重读音节,因此该音节为闭音节,元音字母读短音:yellow 黄的 under 在……下面
多音节词的重读音节一般是倒数第三个,而且无论重读音节和非重读音节的元音字母中间有几个辅音字母,重读音节至少要有一个辅音字母,因此多音节词的重读音节一般都是闭音节,元音字母读短音。如:American 美国的,holiday 节日 family 家庭 interesting 有趣的
有些多音节词除了重读音节外,还有次重读音节,该音节一般也要划为闭音节,次重读闭音节里元音的发音一般比重读音节元音的发音弱,但比非重读音节的发音响亮,是这个字里的次强音。如:competition 竞赛 television 电视
u在重读音节中,一般发长元音,为重读开音节:university 大学 funeral 葬礼 student 学生
以-tion结尾的字,重音落在-tion前面的音节,如:mention 提到 information 信息
还有一些特殊的发音:
a在w之后:watch 观看 swamp 湿地 quantity 数量 quality 质量 what 什么
a any 任何 many 多的 Mary 玛丽 vary 变化
接下来是一些元音字母组合的发音。
ai tail 尾巴 rain 下雨 paint 油漆 pain 疼痛 jail 监狱 nail 钉子 rail 铁轨 maid 仆人
ai chair 椅子 pair 一对,一双 said 说
ai aisle 走道 Taipei 台北 Taiwanese 台湾的,台湾人的,台语的
ai fountain 水池 mountain 山 curtain 帘子 certain 确定
ay bay 海湾 ray 射线 way 路 say 说 hay 干草 pay 付钱 May 五月 lay 放置
ay says 说
ay Friday 星期五 Sunday 星期天
ee reeds 芦苇 eel 鳗鱼 bee 蜜蜂 peel 剥皮 jeep 吉普车 feel 感觉 see 看见 teeth 牙齿
ee coffee 咖啡 committee 委员会
ee fiancee 未婚妻
ea sea 海 meat 肉 peanut 核桃 peach 桃子 eagle 鹰 leaf 树叶 pea 豌豆
ey key 钥匙
oa road 路 toast 土司 toad 蟾蜍 coal 煤 goat 山羊 boat 船 coat 上衣 soap 肥皂
ow rainbow 彩虹 pillow 枕头 yellow 黄的 window 窗口 hollow 中空的 bowl 碗 row 划 low 低的
ui suit 适合 juice 果汁 fruit 水果
au August 八月 sauce 沙司 sausage 香肠 naughty 调皮的 applause 掌声
aw paw 爪子 draw 画 saw 锯子,看见 straw 稻草 strawberry 草莓 lawn 草坪
oo moon 月亮 zoo 动物园 roof 屋顶 rooster 公鸡 boots 靴子 food 食物 spoon 药匙 room 房间
oo book 书籍 cookie 饼干 woods 森林 wool 羊毛 hook 钩住 look 看 foot 脚 cook 厨师
oo blood 血 flood 洪水
oo brooch 胸针
ea head 头 sweater 毛衣 sweat 汗 pear 梨子 lead 铅 bear 熊 leather 皮毛
eau beauty 美人 beautiful 美丽的
eau beau 美的(法语)bureau 衣橱,衣柜
ei eight 八 reign 统治 neighbor 邻居 feign 假装 vein 血管
ei receive 接受 receipt 收据 seize 捕捉 either 也(不)neither 也不
ey they 他们,它们,她们 hey 嘿 obey 遵守
eo leopard 豹子 jeopardy 嫉妒eo people 人(复数)
ou house 房子 out 在……外面 mouth 嘴巴 mouse 鼠标 count 数 fountain 喷水池 mountain 山 shout 叫喊
ow owl 猫头鹰 tower 塔 crown 皇冠 clown 小丑 cow 母牛 towel 毛巾 flower 花 brown 棕的,褐的
oi coin 硬币 oil 油 point 指 noise 噪声 coil 盘绕 boil 沸腾 soil 土壤 poison 毒药
oy oyster 牡蛎 boy 男孩 cowboy 牛仔 soy 大豆 toy 玩具
al call 打电话 tall 高的 fall 秋天 ball 球 wall 墙壁
al half 一半 calf 小牛 salmon 鲑鱼
al palm 手掌 calm 冷静的
ew dew 露水 few 几乎没有 view 视野 hew 砍 new 新的 nephew 侄子 newspaper 报纸
英语辅音字母的发音比元音字母有规律,基本固定不变,有一些辅音字母组合也有一些固定的发音,如ch、sh、th、ph、wh。有一些辅音字母组合中,辅音字母有不发音的,如:
b bed 床 book 书 bench 长凳 box 盒子 banana 香蕉 body 身体 boy 男孩
b thumb 大拇指 lamb 小羊,小羊肉 comb 梳子 bomb 炸弹 crumb 面包屑 numb 麻木
d desk 书桌 doctor 医生 deer 鹿 ck 鸭子,母鸭 doll 洋娃娃 door 门 dog 狗,公狗 dancer 舞蹈者,舞蹈家
f food 食物 family 家庭 four 四 foot 英尺 five 五 fence 篱笆 fork 叉子 father 父亲
h hat 帽子 hen 母鸡 head 头 home 家 hand 手 hammer 锤子 house 房子 horse 马
j jewel 珠宝 jam 果酱 jacket 夹克衫 juice 果汁 jump 跳 jelly 果冻 jeep 吉普车 jar 坛子
k kite 风筝 kiss 亲吻 key 键,钥匙 king 国王 kangaroo 袋鼠 kitchen 厨房 kettle 水壶 kick 踢
k knob 门把儿 knee 膝盖 knife 刀 knock 敲 knit 编织
l leg 腿 lake 湖 leaf 树叶 lion 狮子 lemon 柠檬 live 住 lips 嘴唇 light 光
m monkey 猴子 moon 月亮 milk 牛奶 map 地图 mask 面具 mother 母亲 mouth 嘴巴 man 男人
n net 网 nose 鼻子 nest 鸟巢 number 数字 nail 钉子 neck 脖子 nurse 护士 napkin 餐巾纸
p pants 裤子 park 公园 pig 猪 pencil 铅笔 pink 粉红色的 path 小路 pear 梨子 pen 钢笔
qu question 问题 quarrel 争吵 quilt 被子 quiet 安静的 queen 女王 quarter 四分之一
r rope 绳子 rock 岩石 rainbow 彩虹 rose 玫瑰,上升 ring 戒指,响 rug 小地毯 rooster 公鸡
rabbit 兔子
s sun 太阳 sofa 沙发 silver 银 sink 下沉,水槽 sign 标记 soap 肥皂 six 六 seven 七
t towel 毛巾 teacher 老师 tie 领带 table 桌子 toe 脚趾 tea 茶 two 二 ten 十
v vase 花瓶 veil 面纱 violin 小提琴 van 搬运车 vomit 呕吐 vest 背心 village 村子
w wall 墙 window 窗 Windows 视窗操作系统 Walkman 随声听 wind 风 watch 手表 word 字 wash 洗 woman 女人
w wrist 手腕 wrinkle 皱纹 wrap 包裹 wreath 花环 write 写字
x ax 斧子 X-ray X光 box 盒子(x在字首,有时发/z/,如Xerox 静电复印,xylophone 木琴,在字中有时发/gz/,如exam 考试,exact 准确的)
y作辅音时:yard 码 yacht 游艇 year 年 yam 山药 yellow 黄的 yoyo 溜溜球
z zero 零 zoo 动物园 zebra 斑马 zipper 拉链
ch beach 海滨 lunch 午餐 cheese 芝士 bench 长凳 church 教堂 chicken 鸡 chair 椅子 cherry 樱桃
sh sheep 羊 shirt 衬衫 ship 船 fish 鱼 dish 盘子 push 推 shoes 鞋子 shovel 铲子
wh whale 鲸鱼 white 白的 wheel 轮子 wheelchair 轮椅 wheat 小麦 whip 鞭子 whistle 哨子whisper 低语
th brother 兄弟 feather 羽毛 leather 皮革 father 父亲 mother 母亲
th thumb 大拇指 three 三 bathmat 浴室地垫 thirsty 渴的 thief 小偷 bath 浴缸 mouth 嘴巴 teeth 牙齿
ph photo 照片 elephant 大象 telephone 电话 trophy 奖杯 pharmacy 药房 alphabet 字母表
gh right 正确的 sight 看见 night 夜晚 tight 紧的 light 灯,光 fight 打架 sigh 叹气 high 高的
字母c和g有硬音和软音的区别:c cap 帽子 count 数 car 汽车 coffee 咖啡 cat 猫 cow 母牛 cake 蛋糕 cup 杯子
c circle 圆 cent 一分 cycle 周期
g garden 花园 gate 大门 goat 山羊 goose 鹅,母鹅 golf 高尔夫球 gold 金子
g gentle 温和的 giant 巨大的 gym 体育馆
但是,英语单字字源复杂,发音有时还保留有原来词源的发音,不是简单的规则可以解决的。比如说,以下这组字,o在重读闭音节中却要念成长元音。
only 只 both 两者都 roll 滚动,卷 don't 不 won't 将不 comb 梳头
下面这些字o在重读闭音节或重读相对开音节中,要念成短元音/ʌ/。
other 其它的 another 另一个 mother 母亲 brother 兄弟 nothing 没有东西 son 儿子 ton 一吨 won 赢得,韩圆 monk 僧侣 among 在……三者以上之间 cover 覆盖
dove 鸽子come 来 become 变成 some 一些 sponge 海绵
c有时发音也不规则,如:indict 起诉,soccer 英式足球,Celt 凯尔特的,cello 大提琴,baccy 烟草,caecitis 盲肠炎,facade 正面。
学会了发音,再开始学语法。英语属于印欧语系的日耳曼西部语支,英语的词汇有开放性,一部分是日耳曼语族词汇,一部分是罗曼语族词汇,还有一部分是从法语、德语、西班牙语、意大利语、拉丁语、希腊语、阿拉伯语以及其它语言引进的词汇。英语属于屈折语,但是它的屈折变化形式相对比较少,除了名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词有词形变化外,数词、冠词、介系词、连接词、感叹词都是不变的,只有简单句、并列句、复合句三种句子结构,词序比较固定。
重点的语法包括:
名词及冠词。
代词。
数词。
动词(动词的时态、被动语态、助动词、不定式、动名词、分词、虚拟语气)。
形容词、副词、比较。
介系词、连接词和感叹词。
五大句型。
否定和疑问。
句子的类型(连接词和关系词的用法)。
特殊构句(强调句、省略句、倒装句)。
学英语最好听奥巴马的演说集,而不能用一些中国老师的方法学,因为一些中国老师发音不准,语法也讲得不对,跟着他们学会越学越错,误人子弟。只要你用心学,一定能学好英语这门语言,希望我能帮助到你。

『玖』 英语最基础知识

英语时态共有16种
1 一般现在时 用动词原形
2 一般过去时 用动词过去时
3 现在进行时 be + ving
4 过去进行时 was/were + ving
5 一般将来时 will + 动词原形 或 be going to +动词原形
6 过去将来时 would + 动词原形 或 was/were going to +动词原形
7 现在完成时 have/has + v过去分词
8 过去完成时 had + v过去分词
9 现在完成进行时 have/has been + ving
10 过去完成进行时 had been + ving
11 一般将来进行时 will be + ving
12 过去将来进行时 would be + ving
13 将来完成时 will have + v过去分词
14 过去将来完成时 would have + v过去分词
15 将来完成进行时 will have been + ving
16 过去将来完成进行时 would have been + ving

英语语态
有主动语态和被动语态之分.
主动语态就是:主语+谓语 中的谓语直接用;
而被动语态中的谓语则要加助词和过去分词;

『拾』 英语常识

Junior Lee 比较好
英语没有用small或little称呼别人的习惯,另外如果写Li拼音,老外也会读成"来"。

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