英语时态总结

① 小学英语时态总结

时态
1．一般现在时
（1）表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes，always,never”等词。
（2）基本结构：
I / You / We / They He / She / It
肯定句（Positive）
动词原形（V） 动词第三人称单数形式（V+S）
否定句(Negative)
don’t + 动词 doesn’t + 动词原形
一般疑问句(Yes/No) Do… ? Yes, I do. Does…(动词原形)…?No,she doesn’t.
特殊疑问句(wh-) What do …? How does she…(动词原形)…?
(3) 动词第三人称单数形式
a. Most verbs

+s walk-walks
b. Verbs ending in a consonant +y -y +ies fly-flies
c. Verbs ending in s, sh, ch or x +es watch-watches
d. Others do-does ,have-has, go-goes

2．现在进行时,
（1）表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now,look”.
（2）基本形式： be + 动词+ing

eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They
are(not)
reading.
He/She/It
is(not) eating.
What are you doing?
Is he reading?
（3）动词的现在分词形式（do+ing）
Most verbs

+ing
walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant Double
consonant run-running
swim-swimming

3. 一般过去时态
（1） 表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用 “last week, just now, yesterday”等词。
（2） be 动词的过去式: am/is—was
are—were
I/He/she/it was(not)….
You/we/they were….
一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。
（3）过去式基本结构
肯定句（Positive） 动词过去式 I went shopping last night.
否定句(Negative) Didn’t + 动词原形 I didn’t go shopping last night.
一般疑问句(Yes/No) Did …+ 动词原形…? Did you go shopping last night?
特殊疑问句(wh-) What did…+ 动词原形…? What did you do last night?
(4)动词过去式的变化：
规则动词的变化：
一般动词
+ed planted,watered,climbed
以不发音的e结尾

+d liked
辅音字母加y结尾 -y+ ied study—studied, cry- cried
重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写最后一个字母+ed stop –stopped
plan - planned
不规则动词的变化：
原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式
sweep swept teach taught have had go went
keep kept think thought do did find found
sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said
feel felt drink drank is/am was take took
read read give gave are were mean meant
put put sing sang drive drove meet met
cut cut begin began speak spoke make made
let let ring rang write wrote see saw
fly flew run ran ride rode come came
draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told
grow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew

4．一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow, next Sunday等时间状语连用。
结构：be going to +动词原形
例如：I’m going to visit my grandpa next week.

② 初中英语时态总结

一、 一般现在时
1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week(day, year, month…), on Sundays,
3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）
4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are +not+其他; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't, 如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
6.例句：. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words..
[编辑本段]二、 一般过去时
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式：主语+was/were +not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
[编辑本段]三、 现在进行时
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen
3.基本结构：主语+be +doing +其他
4.否定形式：主语+be +not +doing+其他
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
6.例句： How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
[编辑本段]四、 过去进行时
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构 主语+was/were +doing +其他
4.否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其他
5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
[编辑本段]五、 现在完成时
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他
4.否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他
5.一般疑问句：have或has。
6.例句：I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
[编辑本段]六、 过去完成时
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：Before, by the end of last year (term, month…), etc.
3.基本结构：主语+had + p.p（过去分词）+其他
4.否定形式：主语+had + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他
5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
基本结构：主语+had+p.p（过去分词）+其他
①肯定句：主语+ had+p.p（过去分词）+其他
②否定句：主语+ had+ not+p.p（过去分词）+其他
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+p.p（过去分词）+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
[编辑本段]七、 一般将来时
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are +going to + do+其他；主语+will/shall + do+其他
4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are not going to do ；主语+will/shall not do+其他
5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
[编辑本段]八、 过去将来时
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语：The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构：主语+was/were +going to + do+其他；主语+would/should + do+其他
4.否定形式：主语+was/were/not + going to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
[编辑本段]九、将来完成时
1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语：by the time of; by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来）
3.基本结构：主语+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p（过去分词）+其他
4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.
[编辑本段]十、现在完成进行时
1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。
2.基本结构：主语+have/has +been +doing+其他
3.时间状语：since+时间点，for+时间段等。
4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.
The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.
[编辑本段]十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
[编辑本段]十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
[编辑本段]十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.

③ 英语六种时态总结

④ 英语的各种时态的归纳与总结

英语的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时
下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述，其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。
一、 一般现在时
1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
6.例句：. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words..
二、 一般过去时
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 现在进行时
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
6.例句： How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构：was/were+doing
4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构：have/has + done
4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句：have或has。
6.例句：I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 过去完成时
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构：had + done.
4.否定形式：had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
[编辑本段]七、 一般将来时
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are+going to + do；will/shall + do.
4.否定形式：am/is/are not going to do ；will/shall not do。
5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.
4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
九、将来完成时
1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语：by the time of;by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来）
3.基本结构：be going to/will/shall + have done
4例句:By the time you get back,great changes will have taken place in this area.
十、现在完成进行时
1.概念：在过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直持续到说话为止
2.基本结构：have/has +been+doing
几种常见时态的相互转换

⑤ 英语时态总结

哦，明白了。我一开始也不会呢！！呵呵~

1）宾语从句如果主句是一般现在是，则从句按实际情况判断，如果是过去是从句变为相应的过去，比如本来是一般现在变为一般过去，一般将来变为过去将来，现在进行变为过去进行，现在完成变为过去完成，等等
（2）状语从句，特殊的是条件状语从句，主句将来。从句一般现在。其他的时态保持一致。
（3）定语从句，按照具体情况来判断。不受主句限制，
例如，the women (whom you talked with yesterday) is hanmei.括号中的是定语从句
初中主要涉及到这三种。这也只是我自己的总结，你可以在多看写参考书~~~

这还有网上的。

1.主语从句
1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.

2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.

3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.

2.宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.

2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.

3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.

3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.

The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.

It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.

4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。

She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.

I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.

The news came that their team had won the championship.

5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。

*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.

Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.

The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.

1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。
That is all that I've heard from him.

He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.

2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.

This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.

3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.

No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.

5.定语从句
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。

Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.

*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。

This is the computer on which he spent all his savings

It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.

*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。

These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)

As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)

6.状语从句

*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.

*地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.

*原因、结果和目的状语从句
1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that
,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.

*条件和让步状语从句
1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)

*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.

加油哦~

⑥ 英语时态归纳+形容词

从过去开始： 一般过去时 过去式 表示过去经常的动作或状态 ago, last, just now, past 过去进行时 was/were+ving 过去某个时间回做的at this/ that time+过去时答间；from几点to几点+过去时间 过去完成时 had+过去分词 过去的过去做的事情 before/by the time+过去时间，主句用过完时 现在： 一般现在时 动词原形/第三人称单数 现在经常做的事情或状态 often, always, usually, sometimes 现在进行时 am/is/are+ving 现在正在做 now,look, listen 现在完成时have/has+过去分词 过去的事情对现在的影响/从过去一直做到现在的事情 for,since,yet,already 将来： 一般将来时 will/shall+动词原形 将要做的 in, soon, next, tomorrow.... 过去将来时 would+动词原形 站在过去时间，将要做的 需要看上下文

⑦ 英语16种被动时态总结

1 一般过去was/were done
2.一般现在is/are done
3.一般将来 will be done
4.一般过去将来would be done

5.过去进行was/were being done
6.现在进行is/are being done
7.将来进行will be being done
8.过去将来进行would be being done

9过去完成had been done
10现在完成have/has been done
11将来完成will have been done
12过去将来完成would have been done

13过去完成进行had been being done
14现在完成进行have/has been being done
15将来完成进行will have been being done
16过去将来完成进行would have been being done

本想做成表格记起来更方便，但出来以后行列对不齐，看起来困难，所以成这样了，谅解！
你可以自己根据以上列一个，横行是态（一般，进行，完成，完成进行）纵行是时（过去，现在，将来，过去将来）如下：（对不齐的参照上面）

时态 一般 进行 完成 完成进行
过去 was done was being done had been done had been being done

现在 is done is being done has been done has been being done

将来 will be will be being will have been will have been being
done done done done
过去 would be would be being would have been would have been being
将来 done done done done

注：其中was可用were换，has可用have换
自己制的表格不齐全的请谅解

⑧ 英语基本时态总结

时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。
1. 一般现在时
用法：
A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。
B) 习惯用语。
C) 经常性、习惯性动作。
例：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。）
D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。
E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 ）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.
（下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。）
How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？）
F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事 情。
例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。）
2. 现在进行时(be doing)
用法：现在正在进行的动作。
3. 现在完成时(have done)
用法：
A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。
例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell
答案是C) haven't sold。
B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。
例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
A) are to challenge C) have been challenged
B) may be challenged D) are challenging
全句的意思是：“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词，在本句中应当是被动语态；其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态，不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态，但意思与全句内容不合，所以不对。
C) 表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例：John has broken his left leg.（约翰摔断了左腿。）
注意事项
A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。
例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实，他现在已经不在那家医院了。）
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现在，现在仍在那家医院工作。）
B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有动态和延续性的特点，所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。
例：My sister has been married for 5 years.（过去分词做表语表示状态，可以延续）
My sister has married. Don't disturb her.（终端动词）
C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成时。
例：This is the second time that the procts of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。）
D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的两种时态都正确。
例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。）
E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中，主句要求完成时。
例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.（以前我从未见过那位教授。）
4. 现在完成进行时(have been doing)
用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。
例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。）
注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。
例：1997年6月四级第45题
It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.
A) had leaked B) is leaking
C) leaked D) has been leaking
从本题上下文看，这两个句子的意思是：“看来，这个管道漏油已有一段时间了，我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前，并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此，空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。D) has been leaking是现在完成进行时，因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了B) is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for some time，表示谓语动作延续，谓语不能用现在进行时，必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了C) leaked或A) had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时，所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。
5. 一般过去时
用法：
A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的 就是过去时。
例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。）
He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。）
C) 有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。
例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借车用一用，可以吗？）
Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在这里吗？）
注意事项：
A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。
B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。
Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示"过去常常或过去曾经"，要求加动词原形；后者表示"习惯于"，要求加名词或动名词。
6. 过去完成时(had done)
用法：表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的：表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。
Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.
A) didn't hear C) hasn't heard B) hasn't been hearing D) hadn't heard
全句的意思是：“到那时为止，他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出，谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成，因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D)。其它选项中：A) didn't hear，因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态，所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。B) hasn't been hearing，现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作，与题意不符。C) hasn't heard，现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻，不能表示现在时间。
注意事项：“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来，而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。
例：There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.（刚才有人在我们的房间里，因为我们打开前门进来时，我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。）
分析：虽然时间状语是just now，似乎应该使用一般过去时，但是“在房间里”这个状态是在"开门"和"注意"这两个过去的动作之前就存在的，所以应该用过去完成时。
7. 过去将来时(would/ should do)
用法：表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。
例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.（我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。）
注意事项：由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的，所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。
8. 过去进行时(was/ were doing)
用法：
A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。
例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.（10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。）
B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。
例：I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.（你敲前门时我正在洗头发。）
注意事项：其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时。
9. 一般将来时
用法：
A) 基本结构是will / shall do。
例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。）
B) 有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。
例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。）
C) 表示“打算去……，要……”时，可用be going to do。
例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说的。）
D) 表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。
例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.（别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。）
E) "be to do"的5种用法：
a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你准会在实验室见到她。）
b) 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。
例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。）
c) 能或不能发生的事情（接近can, may）
例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢？）
d) 不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。
例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.
A. will be attended B. will be attended to
C. is attended D. is attended to
will be attended to关键的一点是：attend表示“处理，解决”时是不及物动词，必须与to连用。另外，从上下文看，事情显然尚未解决，所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。
e) 用于条件从句“如果……想，设想”（接近if ……want to,或if ……should）
例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural proction must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.
A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”
F) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。
例：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.（教练想要放弃这场比赛了，因为对方已经射进了7个球。）
例：1999年6月四级第65题
I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
A) in B) to C) at D) on
答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定词组，意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是：“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。”
注意事项：
在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词（immediately, the moment, directly）等引导的状语从句，一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时，可用完成时。
例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.（我希望到明年你回来的时候，他的身体已经好多了。）
10. 将来进行时(will be doing)
用法：强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。
例：Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.（别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。）
注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可参考"一般将来时"和"现在进行时"的有关注意事项。
11. 将来完成时(will have done)
用法：表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或是发生在某个将来时间，但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关，变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。
例：1997年1月四级第22题
The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.
A) must have lasted B) will have lasted
C) would last D) has lasted
本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是：“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻，因此要用将来完成时。答案是B) will have lasted。如果选A)，因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测，而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended，所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可以表示推测或可能性，但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作，所以C) would last错误。因为D) has lasted是现在完成时，表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作，所以也不正确。
注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。
12)将来完成进行时：shall have been doing ，will have been doing
例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. （到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。）（被动语态）
13)过去完成进行时：had been doing
例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.（我回到家之前，我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。）（此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。）（被动语态）

14) 过去将来进行时：should be doing , would be doing
例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.（政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。）（此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间，所以最好用将来进行时。）（此句为被动语态）
15) 过去将来完成时：should have done , would have done
例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.（我坚信到那年年底为止，那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。）（此句为被动语态）
16) 过去将来完成进行时：should have been doing , would have been doing
例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. （他们说到第二个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。）