山西的英语

⑴ 介绍山西的英文导游词

山西地势城南北狭长状，东北高，西南低，这样就形成了南部气温明显高于东北部的特点。当南部的运城地区酷暑难耐时，北部芦芽山、五台山却凉风习习，景色宜人。

山西多层次的地理地貌造就了丰富的物产。适宜多种农作物生长，如运城地区的小麦、棉花，晋北山区的莜麦、土豆。由于山西各地气候不同，土质不同，还形成了多种地方土特产，如沁州小米、清徐葡萄、原平的梨、汾阳核桃、稷山的枣等，都非常有名。还有汾阳杏花村的汾酒、清徐的老陈醋尤为著名，早已远销海外。

山西还有丰富的森林矿产资源。煤的藏量居全国首位，煤田遍及全省80%以上的县市。

山西的物产有名，山西人的勤俭淳朴也非常有名，“天下第一廉吏”的于成龙就是山西人。由于在山西的历史上经过了长期的民族交融，交通又不便利，从而使山西形成了众多方言。山西地区还有众多的戏剧、秧歌、民歌等民间娱乐活动。

然而今天的山西已不是以前的山西，随着经济的发展，山西发生了翻天覆地的变化。五台山佛教文化节、太原国际面食节、平遥国际摄影大展等，充分展现了山西人的新风貌。即使像剪纸、面人等民间艺术，也走出了山西，走出国门，走向海外。

Shanxi city of north-south strip-like terrain, the north-east, south-west low, thus forming a temperature significantly higher than in the south of the characteristics of the north-east. When the heat in the southern region of Yuncheng encounter, the northern part of the Mountain, Mount Wutai is breezy, pleasant scenery.

Shanxi multi-level and the geographic landform created a rich natural resources. Suitable for a variety of crop growth, such as areas of Yuncheng wheat, cotton, Shanxi Province's mountainous naked oats, and potatoes. Shanxi because of the climate, soil, has also created a variety of local procts, such as millet, Qin, XU grapes, the original level of pears, walnuts Fenyang, the Jiksan date, and so on, are very well-known. There Fenyang of Heng Fa Chuen Fen, XU old mature vinegar is particularly well-known, has long been sold overseas.

Shanxi also rich in mineral resources in the forest. Coal reserves in the nation's top coal fields throughout the province for more than 80 percent of counties and cities.

Shanxi's well-known procts, from Shanxi's also a very famous diligence simple, "Lian Li the best in the world" in the Jackie Chan is from Shanxi. Because of the history of Shanxi Province, after a long period of national integration, not to facilitate traffic, so that the formation of a large number of Shanxi dialect. There are many areas in Shanxi Drama, Yangko, folk songs, such as recreational activities.

However, today's Shanxi Province, Shanxi is not the former, with the economic development of Shanxi, earthshaking changes have taken place. Wutai Mountain Buddhism Festival, the pasta section of the International Taiyuan, Pingyao International Photography Exhibition, and so on, fully demonstrated the new look from Shanxi. Even as paper cutting, folk art, and other people face, but also out of Shanxi, go out of the country, to overseas

希望采纳！

⑵ 写自己的家乡山西用英语写6句话

Shanxi Province got its name e to its location to the west of Taihang Mountain.Shanxi neighbored on Hebei,Henan,Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia & Autonomous Region.It is located to the east of the Yellow River,and is also known as Hedong.Shanxi belonged to Jin State in Spring and Autumn Period,so it is abbreviated in Jin.Shanxi occupies an area of 156,000 square kilometers (about 60,000 square miles) and has a population of over 32 million,including its minority ethnic population.Its capital is Taiyuan City.
When to go
Being at a high altitude,Shanxi Province has a cold and dry climate and has an annual rainfall of between 400-600 millimeters.The province is also frequently plagued by sandstorms,especially in the spring,so it is often useful to bring along both sunglasses and a hat when visiting.Generally speaking,the province's climate is the best between May and October.
History
Shanxi is one of the birth places of Chinese civilizations with a long history and traditional culture.As early as one hundred million years ago,the ancestors of the Chinese lived and propagated in this region.Legend tells us that the Yellow Emperor,founder of the Chinese nation,once lived in Shanxi for a certain period.Today,many Neolithic sites from that period can still be seen dotted across the vast expanse of the province.
What to see
Shanxi is endowed with an abundance of cultural sites from its long history.Most of the ancient structures were built before the Liao and Song Dynasties.So it is the reason why Shanxi is often called the 'Chinese Ancient Architecture Museum'.The more obvious of these include:the Buddhist wonder of the Yungang Grottoes in Datong City,the ancient city of Pingyao which was listed as a World Cultural Heritage site by UNESCO in 1997,the oldest and tallest ancient wooden pagoda in China,the Wooden Pagoda of Yingxian County and the remote Shuanglin and Jinci Temples,which are well worth the long journeys for the visitors.
Of course,there are a number of natural magnificent and beautiful places that can also be seen in Shanxi.The most famous of them include Wutai Mountain with the longest and most prestigious history in the four most well-known Buddhist holy lands of China,the whistling rage of the Yellow River's Kettle Spout waterfalls (Hukou Waterfalls) and one of the Five Sacred Mountains in China - Mt Hengshan.
山西省由于其地理位置更名为西太行山，山西河南、陕西相邻的河北和内蒙古自治区。它位于黄河东部，也被称为河东。山西是晋国在春秋时期，所以简称晋。山西占地156000平方公里（60000平方英里），人口超过3200万，其中少数民族人口的首都是太原市。
什么时候去
在高海拔地区，山西的气候寒冷干燥，年均降水量在400-600毫米之间。省经常遭受沙尘暴，尤其是在春天，所以经常带着墨镜和帽子都拜访时有用。一般来说，该省的气候是最好的月和十月之间。
历史
山西是中华文明的发祥地之一，有着悠久的历史和传统文化，早在一亿年前，中华民族的祖先就在这一地域生活，相传，中华民族的创始人，曾经在山西生活了一段时期，至今仍有许多新石器时代遗址在广袤的地域上看到。
看什么
山西有着丰富的文化遗址，从其悠久的历史，最古老的建筑在辽、宋时期，所以这就是为什么山西被称为“中国古代建筑博物馆”。更为明显的有：大同市市云冈石窟佛教的奇迹，平遥被列为世界文化遗产被联合国教科文组织在1997古老的城市，在中国最古老和最高的古木塔，应县的木塔和远程双林和晋祠，这是很值得参观的长途旅行。
当然，有一些自然的壮观和美丽的地方，也可以看到在山西。其中最著名的包括五台山在四个最著名的佛教圣地中国最长和最有声望的历史，呼啸的愤怒的黄河壶口瀑布（湖口瀑布）之一五神圣的山在中国-横山山。

⑶ “陕西”和“山西”的英语分别怎么拼写

1、陕西（Shaanxi），简称“陕”或“秦”，中国省级行政单位之一，省会西安。位于西专北内陆腹属地，东邻山西、河南，西连宁夏、甘肃，南抵四川、重庆、湖北，北接内蒙，横跨黄河和长江两大流域中部，

2、山西（Shanxi），简称“晋”，中华人民共和国省级行政区，省会太原市，因居太行山之西而得名，东依太行山，西、南依吕梁山、黄河，北依长城，与河北、河南、陕西、内蒙古等省区为界。

(3)山西的英语扩展阅读：

若依照汉语拼音译写，陕西（shǎnxī）会与同音不同调的邻省山西（shānxī）名称相同，在西方语言中容易混淆，所以特别援用国语罗马字的规则，将“shǎn”写作“shaan”，即陕西作“Shaanxi”以为区别。

在使用汉语拼音之前，邮政式拼音将其拼为“Shensi”以为区别，另法语之拼写作“Chengsi”。

⑷ 山西用英文念叫“Shanxi”，那陕西的英文名呢

随着我国整体实力的不断提升以及国际影响力的不断扩大，在这个旅游业迅速发展的时代当中，我国就迎来了越来越多的外国游客旅行参观，而为了让我国能够更加具有国际化，我国众多的省份城市也都拥有了其独特的英文名字。

不过我们都知道我国省份和城市的英文名字，一般都是根据拼音来取的，这也方便了我国小伙伴们记忆，但是由于各个省份的英文名字并无发音的标注，因此许多小伙伴们都存在着一个疑惑，那就是我国山西和陕西这两个省份，名字虽然不同，但是读音却非常相近，仅仅只有声调的不同。

作为山西省的省会城市，太原的GDP仅达到了四千亿左右，而作为陕西省的省会城市，西安的GDP已经高达9300多亿，两者相比差距十分明显，不过值得一说的是陕西和山西，作为我国两个旅游资源丰富，历史背景悠久的省份，这两个省份都非常具有旅游价值，近年来两个省份的旅游业也都在快速的发展中。

⑸ 用英语介绍山西

山西，因居太行山之西而得名，简称“晋”，又称“三晋”，省会太原市。“东依太行山，西、南依吕梁山、黄河，北依古长城，与河北、河南、陕西、内蒙古等省区为界”柳宗元称之为“表里山河”。
Shanxi, named in the west of Taihang Mountain, referred to as "Jin", also known as "Shanxi", the provincial capital of Taiyuan city. "East of Taihang Mountain, West, South according to the Lvliang mountain, Yellow River, north of the ancient Great Wall, with the provinces of Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and other circles," Liu said for "table mountains and rivers".
山西是中华民族发祥地之一，山西有文字记载的历史达三千年，被誉为“华夏文明摇篮”，素有“中国古代文化博物馆”之称。总面积15.67万平方公里，东有太行山，西有吕梁山，山区面积约占全省总面积的80%以上。
Shanxi is one of the birthplace of the Chinese nation, Shanxi has a history of three thousand years, known as the cradle of Chinese civilization, known as the "Museum of ancient Chinese culture," said. Total area of over square kilometers, east of Taihang Mountain, West Lu Liangshan, the mountainous area of about 80% of the total area of the province.
山西行政区轮廓略呈东北斜向西南的平行四边形，下辖11个地级市，119个县级行政单位（23个市辖区、11个县级市、85个县），总人口3610.8万（2012年）。辖区地理坐标为北纬34°34′~40°44′，东经110°14′~114°33′。
The contour in the administrative area of Shanxi Province slightly northeast oblique to the southwest of the parallelogram, under the jurisdiction of the 11 prefecture level city, 119 county-level administrative units (23 city districts, 11 county-level city, 85 county), with a total population of 3610.8 million (2012 years). The area geographic coordinates of latitude 34 degrees 34 '~40' 44 degrees, 110 degrees east longitude 14 degrees 33 '~114'.

⑹ 陕西和山西 在英文中如何区分

山西 shanxi
陕西 shaanxi

以下文字节选自上海市语言文字工作委员会办公室、语言文字工作专家张日培先生的《不必为“‘Shanxi’还是‘Shaanxi’”争论》：
目前关于“陕西”的汉语拼音拼法，“Shanxi”和“Shaanxi”都有使用。中国地名委、教育部和国家出版局出版的《中华地名大词典》（1998年）以及民政部颁发《中国政区大典》（1999年）则都采用“Shanxi”；国家测绘局编制的《中华人民共和国地名录》目录索引中则使用了“Shaanxi”。
国家语委语言文字应用研究所汉语拼音专家、《汉语拼音正词法基本规则》起草人之一尹斌庸先生所著《新华拼写词典》对“陕西”的汉语拼音拼写即采用“Shaanxi”，并同时指出仅用于区分省级行政区划，不可类推。
“Shaanxi”作为一种技术处理方法始终未能以任何法定的形式上升为关于“陕西”的罗马字母拼法的国际标准和国家规范。1977年，联合国第三届地名标准化会议通过了关于“采用汉语拼音作为中国地名罗马字母拼法的国际标准”的决议。汉语拼音拼写必须按照我国法定的罗马字母拼音方案——《汉语拼音方案》，但“Shaanxi”的拼法显然违背《汉语拼音方案》的基本法则。而在这种技术处理方法已经成为客观现实的情况下，国家有关部门先后颁发的关于中国地名汉语拼音拼写法的规范标准，都未能就“‘陕西’可以拼为‘shaanxi’以示与‘山西’的区别”作出专门的或明确的表述和规定。这不得不说明，国家有关部门以及学术界对这个问题存在着不同看法。1984年由中国地名委员会、中国文字改革委员会、国家测绘局联合发布的《中国地名汉语拼音字母拼写规则（汉语地名部分）》“语音的依据”部分已经规定到“地名拼写按普通话语音标调。特殊情况可不标调”，却未对“Shaanxi”的拼法作出特别规定。1988年由国家教育委员会、国家语言文字工作委员会联合发布的《汉语拼音正词法基本规则》第10部分“标调”附则指出：除了《汉语拼音方案》规定的符号标调法以外，在技术处理上，也可根据需要采用数字或字母作为临时变通标调法。遗憾的是，《基本规则》既未提出明确的较为成熟的字母标调法体系，也未能直接以“Shaanxi”作为示例，加以认可。应该说，上述两份文件是目前中国地名汉语拼音拼写法的最高法则，这就不难看出“Shaanxi”的拼法尽管已经具有一定的使用范围和使用频率，但在理据上尚显欠缺。尤其值得一提的是，1987年中国地名委员会、城乡建设环境保护部、国家语言文字工作委员会联合发布了《关于地名标志不得采用“威妥玛式”等旧拼法和外文的通知》，明确指出：地名标志上的地名，其专名和通名一律采用汉语拼音字母拼写，不得使用“威妥玛式”等旧拼法。所谓“旧拼法”指的是《汉语拼音方案》以前的汉语注音方案，既包括“威妥玛式”，也包括注音字母、国语罗马字等。参照了国语罗马字标调法的“Shaanxi”也未能在这份文件中作为特例排除在上述规定以外。
就“Shaanxi”的拼法唯一作出明确表述的国家标准是《中文书刊名称汉语拼音拼写法》（GB3259－89），其第5.9条规定“某些地名可用中国地名委员会认可的特殊拼法。陕西日报 Shaanxi Ribao”。但其规范的范围仅限于中文书刊名称的汉语拼音拼写，对地名标志等其他领域的拼写不具规范效力，恐怕也是对报刊名称中使用“Shaanxi Ribao”既成事实的追认。
最后，想要指出的是“Shanxi”和“Shaanxi”不是“英译”的问题，而是汉语拼音拼写法的问题，是中国地名罗马字母拼写法的问题，即用汉语拼音字母拼写的中国地名，适用于罗马字母书写的各种语文，如英语、法语、德语、西班牙语等。

⑺ 关于山西概况的英文介绍

Shanxi is a province in the northern part of the People's Republic of China. Its one-character abbreviation is Jin, after the state of Jin that existed here ring the Spring and Autumn Period.

Shanxi's name literally means "mountains' west", which refers to the province's location west of the Taihang Mountains. Shanxi borders Hebei to the east, Henan to the south, Shaanxi to the west, and Inner Mongolia to the north. The capital of the district is Taiyuan.

Shanxi is located on a plateau, which is in turn made up of higher ground to the east (Taihang Mountains) and the west (Lüliang Mountains), and a series of valleys in the center through which the Fen River runs. The highest peak is Mount Wutai (Wutai Shan) in northeastern Shanxi at an altitude of 3058 m. The Great Wall of China forms most of the northern border of Shanxi with Inner Mongolia.

The Huang He (Yellow River) forms the western border of Shanxi with Shaanxi. The Fen and Qin rivers, tributaries of the Huang He, run north-to-south through the province, and drain much of its area. The north of the province is drained by tributaries of the Hai River, such as Sanggan and Hutuo rivers. The largest natural lake in Shanxi is Xiechi Lake, a salt lake near Yuncheng in southwestern Shanxi.

Shanxi has a continental monsoon climate, and is rather arid. Average January temperatures are below 0 °C, while average July temperatures are around 21 - 26 °C. Annual precipitation averages around 350-700 mm, with 60% of it concentrated between June and August.

⑻ 介绍山西的英语短文

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Shanxi,located on the eastern part of the loess plateau of North China, Borders Hebei Province, Henan Province , Shanxi Provicne and Inner Mogolia Autonomous Region. The name of the province, Shanxi, literally means "West of the Mountains", referring to the Taihang Mountains.

Spring is windy and the temperature varies greatly between day and night. Summer is hot and rainy .Autumn is short and mild. Winter is long, cold and dry. The yearly average temperature is 12/20 degrees C, while the lowest temperature is -1/7 degrees C. Non Frost season varies from 1 to 7 months . The most of province has an average rainfall of 400/500 millimeters. The best tour season is from April to October.

the Best Selected Tours:
Buddhism and Ancient Buildings Tour in North Shanxi
Shanxi Merchants' Culture and Folklore Tour in Central Shanxi
Yellow River Culture and Ancestor Tracing Tour
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Shanxi
I. Basic Figures
Areas: 156.3 thousand km2

Population: 31.908 million (by the end of 1997)

Provincial Capital: Taiyuan City

Geography: Shanxi Province is in China¢ s Huabei Area and the eastern Huangtu (loess) Plateau. It is between 34° 34.8¢ N~40° 43.4¢ N and 110° 14.6¢ E~114° 33.4¢ E, and neighbors on Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, and Inner Mongolia.

Natural Resources: Shanxi Province is mostly mountainous regions and plateaus covered by loess. Its mountainous region is wide and plains are few, so cultivated land is inadequate. Shanxi¢ s forest resource is also little and with low quality. Because of the great need of lumber, almost all of its lumber comes from other provinces. Anyhow, more than 120 types of minerals have been found in Shanxi, including coal, bauxite, pearlite, refractory clay, gallium, and zeolite which are the first in China. It is one of the country¢ s energy bases, but it lacks water resource.

Economy: In 1997, the gross domestic proct of Shanxi was 148.013 billion yuan, the gross instrial and agricultural output value was 269.177 billion yuan, and the per capita gross national proct was 4,712 yuan. The total imports and exports were 1,952.32 million US dollars; total provincial government revenue was 9,281 million yuan; yield of grain 9.0187 million tons. Two thirds of counties have coal field. There are many types of coal and iron, and they are widely dispersed. The manufacture of cranes, mining machinery, steel rolling mills and textile machinery also shares an important place in China¢ s instry, and its light instry and textile instry is developing at a high speed. It also has traditional procts such as Xinghuacun Fenjiu liquor, Chang porcelain and Qingxu mature vinegar.

People¢ s Life: By the end of 1997, Shanxi had labor force of 19.786 million people, made 63.0% total provincial population, the labor force resource utilization rate was 72.70%. The total wages of staff and workers was 23,996.42 million yuan; total social insurance and welfare funds of employed and retired staff and workers were 6.95 billion yuan. The per capita net income of rural residence was 1,738.26 yuan. The average wage of staff and workers was 5,320 yuan, and the per capita annual disposable income of urban households was 3,989.9 yuan. The average household consumption was 1,985 yuan, 1,247 for rural residence and 4,172 for urban residence. The number of hospital beds per 10,000 persons was 35.3, and number of doctors per 10,000 persons was 42.4.

Ecation: By the end of 1997, there were 42 higher ecation institutions in Shanxi, with number of student enrolment 71,138 and teachers 8,713; 3,942 secondary schools with number of student enrolment 2.0142 million and teachers 142,051; 39,622 primary schools with number of student enrolment 3.4464 million and teachers 174,055. The features of ecation distribution of Shanxi population are the increase of ecated population of each level except primary ecation (this is because of the decrease of primary school-age children) and decrease of illiterate and half-illiterate population annually.

II. Population Situation

Size and Distribution

The total population of Shanxi in 1997 was 31.908 million. The population density was 201/km2 with uneven distribution geographically. Because of the differences in social-economic development and labor force distribution, there have been higher population density in middle basin, and lower in the east mountainous area, and also low in western hilly land. More people living in the areas with rich mineral resource and developed instry and mining, more people living in the plain, and the population growth was faster in the plain than in the mountainous and hilly areas. The most of urban population are located in plain and basin, and larger proportion of agricultural population in the same areas also.

There are 45 minority nationalities in the province, all of them in small size.

Population History

The population in Shanxi has been developed very fast since the 50¢ s. The process can be divided into 4 periods by the variations in total population and annual increase rate:

1949~58 was the period of fast increase of total population with an annual rate of 26.52‰; 1959~61 was the trough of population increase; 1962~73 was the period of fast population increase, average 456 thousands increase annually, the average annual increase rate was 23.41‰; 1973~now has been the period of steady growth with plan, population growth has been under control through the widely promotion of family planning.

Population Structure by Sex and Age

Because variety of reasons, sex ratios were relatively high in Shanxi in history. It was about 130 from 1912 to 1937, and graally lowered after 1949. In 1990, the sex ratio of Shanxi was 108.51, still higher than the national average. The distribution of sex ratios is uneven geographically, with higher in the north and lower in the south, decreased graally. The sex ratios are higher in cities and towns, higher in instry and mining areas. Among 1997 population of 31.908 million, population of age 0~14 was 8.675 million, made 27.19% of the total; 15~64 population made 66.58% of the total (21.245 million); and population of age 65 and above was 1.987 million, made 6.23% of the total. The total dependency ratio was 50.19%, with the ratio of children 40.83% and of aged 9.35%.

Fertility Level and Changes

The fertility level in Shanxi is in the upper middle position of the nation. It has been varied in a saddle shape in the 80¢ s. In 1981, the total fertility rate was 2.43, then it decreased to 2.1 in 1985 after the practice of “Family Planning Regulation of Shanxi Province.” It returned to the level of 1981 after the readjustment of the Regulation in 1986, was 2.42 in 1990. There appeared to be an earlier marriage and fertility peak-value, decreased high parity birth proportion, and increased second parity births. The third fertility peak was observed in 1992, the fertility level lowered since the women in childbearing age decreased annually.

In 1997, the birth rate of Shanxi was 16.18‰, natural increase rate 10.12‰. According to population projections in 3 scenarios of high, medium, and low, the population of Shanxi will still increase in the early of next century, with decreased new born population and birth rate.

Mortality and Life Expectancy

The mortality decreased sharply since the establishment of new China, but the process was not smooth. The total number of death and mortality decreased, infant mortality decreased also. Rural-urban difference is obvious in mortality; and male mortality is higher than that of female, minority mortality is lower than that of Han majority people. The provincial mortality rate decreased from 13.70‰ in 1949 to 6.06‰ in 1997.

The average life expectancies ring 1928~33 were 38.90 for male and 34.27 for female. Since the fast decrease of mortality level after 1949, the life expectancy increased significantly, reached 69.42 in 1990.

Marriage, Family Size and Type

By 1990 4th National Census, the never-married male population was larger than female, with rural-urban difference. Most of the never-married population was young alts. The never-married rates were increasing as ecation level increase. Very few people stayed never married lifetime. There were more married women than men. Married population proportion increased as age increase before age 40, and it increased faster ring marriage-childbearing peak. Women¢ s average age at first marriage has been increasing. There were more widowed women. The proportion of widowed population increased as age increases. The widowhood rate decreased for older age group, higher in rural than urban, and higher in illiterate and half-illiterate people. The divorced population had high sex ratio with large difference between rural and urban. The largest proportion of divorce was in 50~59 age group, higher proportion of divorced population in rural. In 1997, among 23.232 million population of age 15 and older, there were 11.805 million male and 11.427 million female. Among them there were 2.603 million never married male and 1.710 million female; first-married male 8.482 million, and female 8.603 million; remarried male 202 thousand and female 269 thousand; divorced male 133 thousand and female 49 thousand; widowed male 385 thousand and female 796 thousand.

The size of family household has been decreased; the proportion of large family decreased and small family increased. The average household size in 1997, Shanxi was 3.69. The major type was two-generation, made 58.10%. There were mainly nuclear families. Among aged family households, there were more singled elderly people. Most of single person households’ members were elderly who lost their spouses.

Aging of Population

By 1990 4th National Census, the population changed from alt to aged type with a faster speed. The aged population increased fast with a large size, and the increase is faster than economic development; the increase is uneven geographically. The sex ratio decreased while oldest old population increased. The ecation level was lower among the elderly. 65.86% of aged population were illiterate or half-illiterate. 50.82% elderly people had spouses, the widowhood rate was 47.00%. The employment rate was 18.24%.

Population Quality

The 1990 National Census shows that proportion of people with secondary ecation level or above increased, and proportion of illiterate population decreased.

Migration and Population Floating

The strength of population migration increased continuously in recent years, e to the stimulation of market economy. There have been more in-migrants than out-migrants inter-province, more male migrants than female. The direction of migration is mainly from rural to urban and mining area. The migrants have relatively higher ecation, and the ecation level of intra-provincial migrants is higher than inter-provincial migrants. There is a large proportion of single people among migrants. The original occupation of migrants is mainly agriculture, and most of them are engage in trade and instry work in destination.

Population, Resources and Environment

Shanxi is the energy and chemical instry base of state. Population growth and economic development have put much pressure on resource and environment. The problems of resource shortage, pollution, and damage to organism¢ s habits are harmful to people¢ s health, and also affect further economic development.

III. Family Planning

History

1. Period of Fertility Control Publicity and Supervision (1956~61)

According to “The Circulation on Improving Contraception and Inced Abortion” by Ministry of Health and instructions by Central Government, Shanxi started fertility control publicity and supervision in urban and areas with high birth rates and high population densities. Some urban couples started to use contraception.

2. Period of Family Planning Initiation (1962~70)

The Provincial Family Planning Commission was established in 1963, after the Central Government¢ s advocating. Most of counties/cities/districts also had local family planning commissions. The Health Department proced “Shanxi 1963 Maternal and Child Health Work Plan”, which emphasized “promote fertility control in areas with high population density.” In 1965, the Provincial Family Planning Commission worked out “Some Policy Issues on Late Marriage and Family Planning Promotion”, gave specific instructions on family planning. “Cultural Revolution” started in 1966 brought the work into a total stop. This is the period of most newborns since 1949, and longest lasted fertility peak.

3. Period of Resume and Development (1971~78)

Shanxi had a Family Planning Leadership Group since 1971. The family planning organizations were established in each level. In 1977, they were transformed into governmental administrative department. The first experience exchange meeting in family planning was held in Gaoping County, to introce the county¢ s experience in combine the family planning with maternal and child health care. There were 3 other meetings in family planning technical experience exchange and family planning research cooperation ring 1974~78, to strength technical ability.

4. Period of Further Development (1979~93)

Shanxi put family planning into provincial economic plan in 1979. “Shanxi Family Planning Regulation” was officially implemented in 1990. The family planning work was brought into progress by disseminating and sharing successful experiences. Taking the family planning work as one of the responsibilities of local government further strengthened the leadership. A provincial wide family planning conference on television was held in 1993. The five level (province, city, county, township, and village) population and family planning management responsibility system was established in the same year.

5. Period of Steady Progress (1994~now)

Under the new situation, Shanxi implemented “three emphasis” in family planning work, and carried out integrated approaches. The publicity and ecation have been paid more attention, the service and standardized management were improved, the new approaches in urban family planning has been searched.

Major Achievements

The speed of population growth has been under control effectively. Compare to the average from 1962 to 1970, the birth rate decreased from 33.1‰ to 16.8‰ in 1997, natural increase rate decreased from 23.10‰ to 10.12‰. Although 1997 was in the third childbirth peak with large base number of population, the net increase in the year was 316.3 thousand, much less than 477.1 thousand in 1970.

People¢ s Ecation Achievement and Health have been improved. The percentages of people who have high school ecation and higher was 1.51% in 1964, 8.03% in 1982, and 10.20% in 1990. The percentage of illiterate and half-illiterate was 33.85% in 1964, 17.86% in 1982, and 11.30% in 1990. The provincial mortality rate was 13.70‰ in 1949, and 6.06‰ in 1997; infant mortality rate decreased from 79.11‰ in 1958 to 39.08‰ in 1990. The average life expectancy increased from 57.16 in 1958 to 69.68 in 1990.

The ideas of marriage and childbearing have been changed. The average firs-marriage age in province level was 17.36 in the 50¢ s, 19.72 in the 70¢ s, 22.04 in 1984, and 24 in 1990. Total fertility rate decreased from 6.14 in the 50¢ s to 2.46 in 1990. People practice family planning voluntarily, take it as a way to keep a happy family and also good for the nation.

The pattern of population reproction changed. The pattern of population reproction has been changed from high fertility, high mortality, and low natural increase in the early 50¢ s to low fertility, low mortality, and low natural increase. The population structure has been changing from young to alt population.

The development of proctive forces was benefited. Have less and healthy children helped couples, especially women, to put more time and energy to participate in social and economic activities.

⑼ 关于山西的，山西晋城的英语简介

Jin city
Chinese coal instrial base. Be located on province the southeast of the mountain west, the too burnt railroad is on-line.Govern a Qin water county, sun city county, the county of Ling Chuan 3 counties.Area 9490 the squares be thousand meters.(downtown 2170 square thousand meters)Population in 19911,919,400(downtown 666,600), regard Chinese as principle.The Han establishes Gao all a county.Sui calls Dan Chuan.Tang changes to Jin city a county.Clear merge into Ze state.Pure establish a Feng set a county.Change to Jin city a county in 1912.The war against Japan was period to once build up Jin Qin, Jin east and the Jin north 3 anti- days county government.Change to Jin city a county in 1945.Establish Jin city in 1985.The mineral resources is gain advantage with coal iron and also have minerals, such as manganese mineral, aluminum mineral, sulphur mineral, marble and limestone...etc. to hide.Have coal, metallurgy, machine, chemical engineering, building materials, electronics, spinning, porcelain and ceramics, deckle, plastics, food...etc. more than 20 professions become of instrial system, still have a traditional ironware manufacturing in the meantime.The iron pot, nail, sickle are a traditional special proct.The agriculture has a food to plant, the fruit tree cultivation, livestock husbandry, village instry for pay of village economy pillar.The special proct contains red fruit, persimmon, yellow pear.The transportation ether is burnt and the Hou month railroad is a framework and the highway is leading everywhere.The famous spots and historical remains has the view the virtuous bridge, big spring temple, civilized temple, jade Huang temple, east Yue temple, Dai temple, two fairy views, green lotus temple, Chong life temple, Mang river, Fo son mountain.

⑽ 山西用英语怎么说音标是什么

山西我们都是使用汉语拼音表示 不需要音标