西班牙地理概况英文版
1. 西班牙的地理环境
西班牙地势以高原为主，间以山脉。海拔3718 米的穆拉森山为全国最高点。中部的梅塞塔高原是一个山脉环绕的闭塞性高原，约占全国面积的3/5，平均海拔600米～800米。
北有东西绵亘的坎塔布里亚山脉和比利牛斯山脉。比利牛斯山脉是西班牙与法国的界山，长430多公里，有海拔3000米以上的高峰。
西班牙的最高点在南部的内华达山，主峰穆拉森山海拔3478米，是伊比利亚半岛的屋脊。
由于山脉逼近海岸，平原很少而且狭窄，比较宽广的只有东北部的埃布罗河谷地和西南部的安达卢西亚平原。
西班牙全国海拔200米以下的土地占11%，201米至600米占31%，601米至1000米占39%，1001米至2000米占18%，海拔2000米以上占1%。
西班牙全国总面积达505925平方公里（其中陆地面积499542平方公里，水域面积5240平方公里），居欧洲第五位，本土最北端到最南端大约830公里，东西方向最长1000公里。
绝大部份领土位于伊比利亚半岛，东北隔比利牛斯山脉与法国和安道尔相连，西邻葡萄牙。南隔直布罗陀海峡与非洲的摩洛哥相望。北面比斯开湾，东临地中海与意大利隔海相望，西北、西南临大西洋。
(1)西班牙地理概况英文版扩展阅读：
一、西班牙区域划分：
西班牙全国划分为17个自治区、50个省、8000多个市镇，在摩洛哥境内另有休达和梅利利亚两块飞地。
自治区：安达卢西亚、阿拉贡、阿斯图里亚斯、巴利阿里群岛、巴斯克、加那利群岛、坎塔布利亚、卡斯蒂利亚-莱昂、卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰、加泰罗尼亚、埃斯特雷马杜拉、加利西亚、马德里、穆尔西亚、纳瓦拉、拉里奥哈和巴伦西亚。
西班牙首都马德里，是欧洲著名的历史名城，市区面积为607平方公里，市区人口323.3万人，有400多年的历史，是全国的政治、文化、经济和金融中心。
马德里是西班牙中央经济区的综合性经济中心，运输、物流、研发、消费和高新技术产业的中心。市内通讯、交通发达，市区13条地铁线总长226公里。
市内有规模名列欧洲榜首的马德里自治大学，36个古代艺术博物馆、100多个博物馆、18家图书馆和100多个雕塑群。
二、水文特点：
西班牙主要河流有埃布罗河、杜罗河、塔霍河、瓜迪亚纳河和瓜达尔基维尔河。最长的是塔霍河，长1007公里，下游在葡萄牙境内。
埃布罗河长910公里，全程在境内，有时被看作西班牙第一大河。这些河流由于跌宕曲折，只有瓜达尔基维尔河下游可以通航，其他河流均无法航运。
2. 介绍一下西班牙的自然地理环境和人文方面情况
自然地理环境：
1、位置境域：西班牙全国总面积达505925平方公里其中陆地面积499542平方公里，水域面积5240平方公里），居欧洲第五位，本土最北端到最南端大约830公里，东西方向最长1000公里。
绝大部份领土位于伊比利亚半岛，东北隔比利牛斯山脉与法国和安道尔相连，西邻葡萄牙。南隔直布罗陀海峡与非洲的摩洛哥相望。北面比斯开湾，东临地中海与意大利隔海相望，西北、西南临大西洋。
拓展资料：
西班牙王国（西班牙语：Reino de España；英语：The Kingdom of Spain），简称西班牙，位于欧洲西南部的伊比利亚半岛， 地处欧洲与非洲的交界处，西邻葡萄牙，北濒比斯开湾，东北部与法国及安道尔接壤，南隔直布罗陀海峡与非洲的摩洛哥相望，领土还包括地中海中的巴利阿里群岛，大西洋的加那利群岛及非洲的休达和梅利利亚。该国是一个多山国家，总面积505925平方公里，其海岸线长约7800公里。 以西班牙语作为官方语言的国家数量世界第二，仅次于英语。
3. 介绍西班牙的英语作文，包括地理位置、面积、人口、特色、旅游等方面……
Spanish (Spanish: Españ a ), officially known as the kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Españ a ), is a country in southwestern Europe, and Portugal in the Iberian Peninsula, northeastern border with France and the Principality of andorra. Its territory also includes the Mediterranean in the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic, and in Africa of Ceuta and melilla. The north near the bay of Biscay, west of Portugal, south across the Strait of Gibraltar and Morocco across the northeast Africa, and France, Andorra bordering on the Mediterranean Sea, East and southeast. Coasting grows about 7800 kilometers. Mountainous territory, is one of European mountain countries.
4. 求西班牙概况 中文+英文
国名：西班牙(Spain)
重要节日：国庆节：10月12日；宪法日：12月6日。
首都：马德里 (Madrid)，人口3100万（2004年）。
面积：505,925平方公里
人口：45,200,737人（2007年估计）主要是卡斯蒂利亚人（即西班牙人），少数民族有加泰罗尼亚人（681万）、加里西亚人（275万）和巴斯克人（212万）。
宗教：96％的居民信奉天主教。
语言：卡斯蒂利亚语（即西班牙语）是官方语言和全国通用语言。少数民族语言在本地区亦为官方语言。
国家体制：君主立宪制，议会民主制
国花：石榴花
国石：绿宝石
货币：欧元(旧货币：比塞塔)
时差：比北京时间晚7小时，夏令时期间6小时；
西班牙国旗：呈长方形，长与宽之比为3∶2。旗面由三个平行的横长方形组成，上下均为红色，各占旗面的1／4；中间为黄色。黄色部分偏左侧绘有西班牙国徽。红、黄两色是西班牙人民喜爱的传统颜色，并分别代表组成西班牙的四个古老王国。 有一种说法是红色代表碧血，黄色代表黄沙，碧血黄沙象征的是西班牙人民酷爱的斗牛运动，从中体现的是英勇顽强、不畏强暴的精神。
西班牙国徽：中心图案为盾徽。盾面上有六组图案：左上角是红地上黄色城堡，右上角为白地上头戴王冠的红狮，城堡和狮子是古老西班牙的标志，分别象征卡斯蒂利亚和莱昂；左下角为黄、红相间的竖条，象征东北部的阿拉贡；右下角为红地上金色链网，象征位于北部的纳瓦拉；底部是白地上绿叶红石榴，象征南部的格拉纳达；盾面中心的蓝色椭圆形中有三朵百合花，象征国家富强、人民幸福、民族团结。盾徽上端有一顶大王冠，这是国家权力的象征。盾徽两旁各有一根海格力斯柱子。亦称大力神银柱，左、右柱顶端分别是王冠和帝国冠冕，缠绕着立柱的饰带上写着“海外还有大陆”。
国歌：《皇家进行曲》 西班牙国歌最早源于十八世纪卡洛斯三世时期的格拉纳达军队进行曲，皇家名称为《西班牙荣誉进行曲》，民间则称为《步兵进行曲》。王室曾多次组织音乐家谱写新歌，但无一能够超过这个曲子，于是这首有曲无词的国歌便延续下来，直至2007年年底，由全国性发起征集歌词的活动，确定了西班牙国歌歌词，歌词为“西班牙万岁！／我们一起唱／用不同的声音／同一颗心；”
“西班牙万岁！／从绿色的山谷／到浩瀚的海洋／是兄弟的赞歌；”
“我们热爱自己的祖国／要去拥抱她／在她湛蓝的天空下／各民族亲如一家；”
“光荣的子孙／伟大的历史／歌唱正义与繁荣／歌唱民主与和平。”
4段歌词体现了“团结、自由、民主、和平”。
1931年，第二共和国曾把《列戈颂歌》定为国歌，但是民主政府失败后又恢复了原有国歌的地位。
重要人物：胡安·卡洛斯一世：国王，西班牙国家元首。1938年1月5日生于罗马，西班牙波旁王朝末代国王阿方索十三世之孙。幼时随父旅居意大利、瑞士和葡萄牙等国。1955年起，先后在西海、陆、空三军军事学院和大学学习，毕业后到政府各部门实习行政管理，1969年7月经西班牙议会批准为王位继承人，1975年11月登基。爱好滑雪、狩猎、航海、航空。1962年与希腊公主索菲娅结婚，有二女一子。
何塞·路易斯·罗德里格斯·萨帕特罗：首相。1960年8月4日生于卡斯蒂利亚-莱昂自治区。法学学士。1979年加入工社党。1986年成为西最年轻的众议员，此后连续4次当选。2000年7月被选为工社党总书记。2004年4月出任首相。
编辑本段行政区划
全国划分为17个自治区，50个省，8000多个市镇。17个自治区为：安达卢西亚、阿拉贡、阿斯图利亚斯、巴利阿里、巴斯克、加那利、坎塔布利亚、卡斯蒂利亚－莱昂、卡斯蒂利亚－拉曼恰、加泰罗尼亚、埃斯特雷马杜拉、加利西亚、马德里、穆尔西亚、纳瓦拉、拉里奥哈和巴伦西亚。
行 政 区 划/ 行 政 中 心
安达卢西亚 Andalucia/ 塞维利亚 Sevilla
阿拉贡 Aragón/ 萨拉戈萨 Zaragoza
阿斯图里亚斯 Asturias/ 奥维多 Oviedo
巴利阿里 Baleares/ 马略卡 Mallorca
巴斯克 Vasco/ 维多利亚 Vitoria-Gasteiz
加那利 Canarias/
坎塔布里亚 Cantabria/ 桑坦德 Santander
卡斯蒂利亚－莱昂 Castilla y León/ 巴亚多利德 Valladolid
卡斯蒂利亚－拉曼恰 Castilla La Mancha/ 托莱多 Toledo
加泰罗尼亚 Catalu?a/ 巴塞罗那 Barcelona
埃斯特雷马杜拉 Extremara/ 梅里达 Mérida
加利西亚 Galicia/ 圣地亚哥－德孔波斯特拉 Santiago de Compostela
马德里 Madrid/ 马德里 Madrid
穆尔西亚 Murcia/ 穆尔西亚 Murcia
纳瓦拉 Navarra/ 潘普洛纳 Pamplona
拉里奥哈 La Rioja/ 洛格罗尼奥 Logro?o
巴伦西亚 Valencia/ 巴伦西亚 Valencia
四大旅游区：加那利群岛--热带风光、太阳海岸--地中海沙滩、巴利阿里群岛--地中海浴池、马德里--文化古城；
5. 求一篇介绍西班牙的英文文章 词汇简单点的
Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España, short form: España[1]), is a country located in Southern Europe, with two small exclaves in North Africa (both bordering Morocco). Spain is a democracy which is organized as a parliamentary monarchy. It is a developed country with the ninth-largest economy in the world.[2] It is the largest of the three sovereign nations that make up the Iberian Peninsula—the others are Portugal and the microstate of Andorra.
To the west and to the south of Galicia, Spain borders Portugal. To the south, it borders Gibraltar (belonging to the UK) and, through its cities in North Africa (Ceuta and Melilla), Morocco. To the northeast, along the Pyrenees mountain range, it borders France and the tiny principality of Andorra. It also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean and a number of uninhabited islands on the Mediterranean side of the strait of Gibraltar, known as Plazas de soberanía, such as the Chafarine islands, the isle of Alborán, the "rocks" (peñones) of Vélez and Alhucemas, and the tiny Isla Perejil. In the northeast along the Pyrenees, a small exclave town called Llívia in Catalonia is surrounded by French territory.
The term Spain (España in Spanish) comes from the name as the Romans knew it in Latin: Hispania.
The earliest records of hominids living in Europe to date has been found in the Spanish cave of Atapuerca which has become a key site for world Paleontology e to the importance of the fossils found there, dated roughly 1,000,000 years ago.
Modern humans in the form of Cro-Magnons began arriving in the Iberian peninsula from north of the Pyrenees some 35,000 years ago. The more conspicuous sign of prehistoric human settlements are the famous paintings in the northern Spanish Altamira (cave), which were done ca. 15,000 BCE and are regarded, along with those in Lascaux, France, as paramount instances of cave art.
The earliest urban culture documented is that of the semi-mythical southern city of Tartessos, pre- 1100 BCE. The seafaring Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians successively settled along the Mediterranean coast and founded trading colonies there over a period of several centuries. Around 1100 BCE, Phoenician merchants founded the trading colony of Gadir or Gades (modern day Cádiz) near Tartessos. In the 9th century BCE the first Greek colonies, such as Emporion (modern Empúries), were founded along the Mediterranean coast on the East, leaving the south coast to the Phoenicians. The Greeks are responsible for the name Iberia, apparently after the river Iber (Ebro in Spanish). In the 6th century BCE the Carthaginians arrived in Iberia while struggling first with the Greeks and shortly after with the Romans for control of the Western Mediterranean. Their most important colony was Carthago Nova (Latin name of modern day Cartagena).
The native peoples which the Romans met at the time of their invasion in what is now known as Spain were the Iberians, inhabiting from the Southwest part of the Peninsula through the Northeast part of it, and then the Celts, mostly inhabiting the north and northwest part of the Peninsula. In the inner part of the peninsula, where both groups were in contact, a mixed, distinctive, culture was present, the one known as Celtiberian.
[edit] Roman Empire and Germanic Invasions
Main article: Hispania
Roman bridge in CordobaThe Romans arrived in the Iberian peninsula ring the Second Punic war in the 2nd century BCE, and annexed it under Augustus after two centuries of war with the tenacious Celtic and Iberian tribes (from whom they copied the short sword known as falcata). These, along with the Phoenician, Greek and Carthaginian coastal colonies, became the province of Hispania. It was divided into Hispania Ulterior and Hispania Citerior ring the late Roman Republic; and, ring the Roman Empire, Hispania Taraconensis in the northeast, Hispania Baetica in the south and Lusitania (province with capital in the city of Emerita Augusta) in the southwest.
Hispania supplied Rome with food, olive oil, wine and metal. The emperors Trajan, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius and Theodosius I, the philosopher Seneca and the poets Martial, Quintilian and Lucan were born in Spain. The Spanish Bishops held the Council at Elvira in 306. The collapse of the Western Roman empire did not lead to the same wholesale destruction of Western classical society as happened in areas like Britain, Gaul and Germania Inferior ring the Dark Ages, even if the institutions, infrastructure and economy did suffer considerable degradation. Spain's present languages, its religion, and the basis of its laws originate from this period. The centuries of uninterrupted Roman rule and settlement left a deep and enring imprint upon the culture of Spain.
The first hordes of Barbarians to invade Hispania arrived in the 5th century, as the Roman empire decayed. The tribes of Goths, Visigoths, Swebians (Suebi), Alans, Asdings and Vandals, arrived to Spain by crossing the Pyrenees mountain range. They were all of Germanic origin. This led to the establishment of the Swebian Kingdom in Gallaecia, in the northwest, and the Visigothic Kingdom elsewhere. (For a while, the Germans lived under their law while the much more numerous Spaniards continued more or less to live under Roman law.) The Visigothic Kingdom eventually encompassed the entire Iberian Peninsula with the Roman Catholic conversion of the Goth monarchs. The famous horseshoe arch, which was adapted and perfected by the later Muslim era builders was in fact originally an example of Visigothic art.
[edit] Muslim Iberia
Main article: Al-Andalus
In the 8th century, nearly all the Iberian peninsula, which had been under Visigothic rule, was quickly conquered (711–718), by mainly Berber Muslims (see Moors), who had crossed over from North Africa, led by Tariq ibn Ziyad. Visigothic Spain was the last of a series of lands conquered in a great westward charge by the Islamically inspired armies of the Umayyad empire. Indeed they continued northwards until they were defeated in central France at the Battle of Tours in 732. Astonishingly the invasion started off as an invitation from a Visigoth faction within Spain for support. But instead the Moorish army, having defeated King Roderic proceeded to conquer the peninsula for itself. The Roman Catholic populace, unimpressed with the constant internal feuding of the Visigothic leaders, often stood apart from the fighting, often welcoming the new rulers, thereby forging the basis of the distinctly Spanish-Muslim culture of Al-Andalus. Only three small counties in the mountains of the north of Spain managed to cling to their independence: Asturias, Navarra and Aragon, which eventually became kingdoms.
The Age of the Islamic EmpireThe Muslim emirate proved strong in its first three centuries; stopping Charlemagne's massive forces at Saragossa and, after a serious Viking attack, established effective defences. Indeed it became a terror in its own right to Christian neighbours, with its "al-jihad fil-bahr" (holy war at sea). Christian Spain struck back from its mountain redoubts by seizing the lands north of the Duero river, and the Franks were able to seize Barcelona (801) and the Spanish Marches), but save for these and some other small incursions in the north, the Christians were unable to make headway against the superior forces of Al-Andalus for several centuries. It was only in the 11th century that the break up of Al-Andalus led to the creation of the Taifa kingdoms, who attempted to outshine each other in art and culture and were often at war, became vulnerable to the consolidating power of Spain's Christian kingdoms.
The Moorish capital was Córdoba, in southern Spain. During this time large populations of Jews, Christians and Muslims lived in close quarters, and at its peak some non-Muslims were appointed to high offices under the some of the more lenient Muslim rulers. At its best it proced exquisite architecture and art, and Muslim and Jewish scholars played a major part in reviving the tradition of classical Greek philosophy, mathematics and science in western Europe, whilst making their own contributions to it. However, there were restrictions on non-Muslims that grew after the death of Al-Hakam II in 976. Later invasions of stricter Muslim groups led to persecutions of non-Muslims, forcing some (including Muslim scholars) to seek safety in the then still relatively tolerant city of Toledo after its Christian reconquest in 1085.
Interior of the Mezquita in Córdoba, a Muslim mosque.Spanish society under Muslim rule became increasingly complex, partly because Islamic conquest did not involve the systematic conversion of the much larger conquered population to Islam. At the same time, Christians and Jews were recognized under Islam as "peoples of the book", and so given dhimmi status. Most importantly, the Islamic Berber and Arab invaders were a small minority, ruling over several million Christians. Thus, Christians and Jews were free to practise their religion, but faced certain restrictions and financial burdens. Conversion to Islam proceeded at a steadily increasing pace, as it offered social and economic and political advantages. Merchants, nobles, large landowners, and other local elites were usually among the first to convert. By the 11th century Muslims are believed to have outnumbered Christians in Al-Andalus.
The Muslim community in Spain was itself diverse and beset by social tensions. From the beginning, the Berber people of North Africa had provided the bulk of the armies, clashed with the Arab leadership from the Middle East. The Berbers, who were comparatively recent converts to Islam, resented the aristocratic pretensions of the Arab elite. They soon gave up attempting to settle the harsh lands of the north of the Meseta Central handed to them by the Arab rulers, and many returned to Africa ring a Berber uprising against Arab rule. However, the Berbers later took over power and Muslim Spain fell under the rule of the Almoravid and then the Almohad dynasties, amongst others. Over time the relatively tiny number of Moors graally increased with immigration and cross marriages. Large Moorish populations grew, most notably in the south in the Guadalquivir river valley, and in the east, along the fertile Mediterranean coastal plain and in the Ebro river valley.
Muslim Spain was wealthy and sophisticated under Islamic rule. Cordoba was the richest and most sophisticated city in all of western Europe. It was not until the 12th century that western medieval Christiandom began to reach comparable levels of sophistication, and this was e in part to the stimulus coming from Muslim Spain. Mediterranean trade and cultural exchange flourished. Muslims imported a rich intellectual tradition from the Middle East and North Africa, including knowledge of mathematics and science, that they helped revive. Crops and farming techniques introced by the Arabs, led to a remarkable expansion of agriculture, which had been in decline since Roman times. In towns and cities magnificent mosques, palaces, and other monuments were constructed. Outside the cities, the mixture of large estates and small farms that existed in Roman times remained largely intact because Muslim leaders rarely dispossessed landowners. The Muslim conquerors were relatively few in number and so they tried to maintain good relations with their subjects. This relative social peace, which was already deteriorating from the late 10th century, broke down with the later, stricter, Muslim sects.
Roman, Jewish, and Muslim culture interacted in complex ways. A large part of the population graally adopted Arabic. Arabic was the official language of government. Even Jews and Christians often spoke Arabic, while Hebrew and Latin were frequently written in Arabic script. These diverse traditions interchanged in ways that gave Spanish culture — religion, literature, music, art and architecture, and writing systems - a rich and distinctive heritage. However, as the 11th century drew to a close most of the north and centre of Spain was back under Christian control.
[edit] Fall of Muslim rule and Unification
Main article: Reconquista
Equal partners: Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of CastileThe long period of expansion of the Christian kingdoms, beginning in 722 with the Muslim defeat in the battle of Covadonga and the creation of the Christian kingdom of Asturias, only eleven years after the Moorish invasion, is called the Reconquista. As early as 739 Muslim forces were driven out of Galicia, which came to host one of Christianity's holiest sites, Santiago de Compostela. Areas in the northern mountains and around Barcelona were soon captured by Frankish and local forces, providing a base for Spain's Christians. The 1085 conquest of the central city of Toledo largely completed the reconquest of the northern half of Spain.
In 1086 the Almoravids, an ascetic Islamic sect from North Africa, conquered the divided small Moorish states in the south and launched an invasion in which they captured the east coast as far north as Saragossa. By the middle of the 12th century the Almoravid empire had disintegrated. The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 heralded the collapse of the great Moorish strongholds in the south, most notably Córdoba in 1236 and Seville in 1248. Within a few years of this nearly the whole of the Iberian peninsula had been reconquered, leaving only the Muslim enclave of Granada as a small tributary state in the south. Surrounded by Christian Castile but afraid of another invasion from Muslim northern Africa, it clung tenaciously to its isolated mountain splendour for two and half centuries. It came to an end in 1492 when Isabella and Ferdinand captured the southern city of Granada, the last Moorish city in Spain. The Treaty of Granada[3] guaranteed religious tolerance toward Muslims while Spain's Jewish population of over 200,000 people was expelled that year. At Ferdinand's urging the Spanish Inquisition had been established in 1478. With a history of being invaded by three Islamic empires (Ummayad, Almoravid and Almohad), there was a fear that Muslims might assist yet another invasion. Also, Aragonese labourers were angered by landlords' use of Moorish workers to undercut them. A 1499 Muslim uprising, triggered by forced conversions, was crushed and was followed by the first of the expulsions of Muslims, in 1502. The year 1492 was also marked by the discovery of the New World. Isabella I funded the voyages of Christopher Columbus. Ferdinand and Isabella, as exemplars of the Renaissance New Monarchs, consolidated the modernization of their respective economies that had been pursued by their predecessors and enforced reforms that weakened the position of the great magnates against the new centralized crowns. In their contests with the French army in the Italian Wars, Spanish forces under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba eventually achieved success, against the French knights, thereby revolutionizing warfare. The combined Spanish kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, long vibrant and expansive, emerged as a European great power.
The reconquest from the Muslims is one of the most significant events in Spanish history since the fall of the Roman Empire. Arabic quickly lost its place in southern Spain's life, and was replaced by Castilian. The process of religious conversion which started with the arrival of the moors was reversed from the mid 13th century as the Reconquista was advancing south: as this happened the Muslim population either fled or forcefully converted into Catholicism, mosques and synagogues were converted into churches.
With the union of Castile and Aragón in 1479 and the subsequent conquest of Granada in 1492 and Navarre in 1512, the word Spain (España, in Spanish) began being used only to refer to the new unified kingdom and not to the whole of Hispania (the term Hispania (from which España was originally derived) is Latin and the term Iberia Greek).
[edit] From the Renaissance to the nineteenth century
Main article: Habsburg Spain
Main article: Enlightenment Spain
Until the late fifteenth century, Castile and León, Aragón and Navarre were independent states, with independent languages, monarchs, armies and, in the case of Aragon and Castile, two empires: the former with one in the Mediterranean and the latter with a new, rapidly growing, one in the Americas. The process of political unification continued into the early 16th century. It was the unification of these separate Iberian empires that became the base of what is now referred to as the Spanish Empire.
6. 英文版西班牙简介哟!
At the center of the Iberian Peninsula on the Meseta plateau Madrid, the capital of Spain, 400 years of history, is the Spanish political, economic and cultural center. Spain concentrated around the culture, a culture of Spain in Madrid cultural essence. Since King Philip II of Spain in the 16th century the city now, the fate of the Madrid henceforth be changed. Spain became the most important city status began to rise, and the other leading cities, Madrid in a short period of time is rapidly becoming Europe's top arts center also attributed to this. In the center of Madrid, the Sun Gate, street radial disperse, all directions are many scenic spots, people have no alternative. in the Netherlands Antilles than to square with the Plaza or on the road to the palace, filled with art, behind the Royal Palace (Palacio Real) a vast collection of valuable paintings Prado Museum (Paseo del Pradio) Unique in form of Castile Plaza, the Spanish people feel the most unique art and cultural style. In Madrid, the city has become a walking enjoyment, tireless, walk in the sunlight, stroll along the grass, if hungry, you can order a seafood meal, and accompanied by delicious Sherri liquor. If the pin is available only to, it can also sit in the shade of coffee Lane. Madrid arts are everywhere, perhaps alone in a corner of the road waiting for you.
7. 各国概况(中英文的)
举例说明：丹麦
丹麦
Denmark
概况
General
国名：丹麦王国
Official Name: The Kingdom of Denmark
国旗：红色旗面上绘有一个偏向左侧的白色十字。据丹麦史诗记载，１２１９年６月１５日丹麦国王瓦尔德玛·维克托里斯（也称胜利王）率军作战时，一面带白色十字的红旗从天而降，丹军转败为胜。此后白色十字旗就成为丹麦的国旗。每年６月１５日“国旗日”即“瓦尔德玛日”。
国徽：为盾徽。三只头戴王冠的蓝色狮子横置于盾面，９颗红心点缀周围，象征勇敢、忠诚和善良。盾形上端的王冠象征丹麦为一个古老的王国。
国鸟：云雀
政治：现行宪法于１９１５年制定，１９２０年、１９５３年两度修改。宪法规定，丹实行君主立宪制。１９４９年加入北约，１９７３年加入欧共体。
自然地理：位于欧洲北部，由日德兰半岛及西兰、菲英、洛兰、法尔斯特和其它４８０个小岛组成。只有南部与德国接壤。全境地势低平，平均海拔约３０米，日德兰半岛中部稍高，最高点海拔１７３米。最长河流为古曾河。最大湖泊阿里湖面积４０．６平方公里。属海洋性温带阔叶林气候。平均气温１月０℃，７月１７℃。年平均降水量约６００毫米。
Location: Denmark is located in northern Europe. It consists of the Peninsula of Jutland, the islands of Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster and 480 smaller islands. Its only land frontier is with Germany to the south.
面积：４３０９４平方公里（不包括格陵兰和法罗群岛）。
土地利用－耕地占５９．１％，永久草场占４．８％，森林占１０．３％，其它２５．８％；人均耕地１．３英亩；海岸线长－７，３１４公里，陆界线长－６７，５７８公里。
Area: 43,094 sq.km.
land use-59.1% cropland, 4.8% permanent pasture, 10.3% forest and woodland, 2 5.8% others; arable land per capita-1.3 acres; coastline-7,314 km; land borders-67,578km.
人口：５２９.３万（２０００年）
密度－每平方公里１２２.７人（２０００年）；城市人口８５．５％；年增长率－０．１％（２０００年）；平均寿命－７３．８岁（２０００年）
Population: 5,293,000
density-122.7 inhabs.per sq.km.(2000); urban pop- 85.5% ; growth rate- 0.1% per year (2000); avg. life expectancy- 73.8 years (2000).
首都：哥本哈根；人口：５０万（２０００年）
Capital: Copenhagen; population- 500,000
时差：比格林尼治时间早１小时；比北京时间晚７个小时。
Time: 1 hour earlier than GMT; 7 hours later than Beijing Time.
语言：官方语言为丹麦语。法罗群岛居民讲法罗语。
Language: Danish is the official language. Faroese is spoken in the Faroe Islands.
民族：丹麦人占９８％以上，其他民族２％。
Ethnic Composition: Danish more than 98%, other 2%.
宗教：基督教路德宗占９１％，天主教和基督教新教占２％，其他占７％。
Religion: Evangelical Lutheran-91%, Roman Catholic and Protestant-2%, other-7%.
货币：１克朗＝１００欧尔；１美元＝７．６９６３克朗（２０００年３月１７日）
Currency: 1 Danish krone=100 ore; 1 U.S.dollar=7.6963 krones
节日（２００１年）：新年（１月１日）、复活节（４月１２－１６日）、祈祷日（５月１９日）、耶稣升天日（５月２４日）、圣神降临日（６月４日）、宪法日（６月５日）、圣诞节（１２月２５－２６日）。
Holidays : Jan,1 (New Year's Day), Apr 12-16 (Easter), May 19 (General Prayer Day), may 24 (Ascension Day), June 4 (Whit Monday ), June 5 (Constitution Day), Dec.25-26 (Christmas).
行政区划：全国分为１４个州
州（首府）：奥胡斯（奥胡斯）、波恩霍尔姆（伦讷）、哥本哈根（哥本哈根）、腓特烈堡（希勒勒德）、菲英岛（欧登塞）、北日德兰（奥尔堡）、里伯（里伯）、林克宾（林克宾）、罗斯基勒（罗斯基勒）、南日德兰（奥本罗）、斯托海峡（尼克宾法尔斯特）、瓦埃勒（瓦埃勒）、西西兰（索勒）、维堡（维堡）。
Administrative Districts-14 Counties:
County (Capital)-Arhus (Arhus), Bornholm (Boenne), Copenhagen (Copenhagen), Frederiksberg (Hilleroed), Fyn (Odense), Nordjylland (Alborg), Ribe (Ribe), Ringkoebing (Ringkoebing), Roskilde (Roskilde), Soenderjylland (Abenra), Storstroem (Nykoebing Falster), Vejle (Vejle), Vestsjaelland (Soroe), Viborg (Viborg).
主要城市：哥本哈根、奥胡斯、欧登塞、奥尔堡、埃斯比约、兰讷斯、霍森斯、瓦埃勒、埃尔西诺、科灵、罗斯基勒、奈斯特韦兹。
Major Cities: Copenhagen, Arhus, Odense, Alborg, Esbjerg, Randers, Horsens, Vejle, Elsinore, Kolding, Roskilde, Naestved.
国家简史
Brief History
约公元９８５年形成统一王国。１１世纪２０年代征服整个英格兰和挪威，在１３９７年与瑞典、挪威结成的卡尔马联盟中处统治地位，其后逐渐衰落。１６６０年丹麦建立世袭君主制。１８４９年颁布第一部宪法，结束世袭君主制，建立君主立宪政体。１９４０年４月被纳粹德国占领，１９４５年５月德军投降后，组成包括各政党及抗德人士在内的联合政府。此后由各政党单独或联合执政。１９４９年加入北约。１９７３年加入欧洲共同体。
In 1660, Denmark was made an absolute monarchy. A new constitution was promulgated in 1849, ending the absolute monarchy and establishing constitutional monarchy. The country was seiz-ed by Nazi German Forces in Apr. 1940 and was under Nazi occupation till the fall of Germany. In May 1945, a coalition government consisting of various political parties and resistance leaders against the German was formed. After World War II, the parties held office alternately, exercising power independently or jointly. As a founder member, Denmark joined NATO in 1949, and entered the EC in Jan.1973.
国家元首
Head of State
宪法规定，国王与议会共同拥有立法权，国王通过由她任命的内阁部长行使行政权。国王即国家元首。
Denmark is a constitutional Monarchy. Legislative authority is vested in the Crown and a unicameral parliament. Executive power in sovereign is exercised through the ministers appointed by the Crown.
8. 求 高一 英语 关于介绍西班牙的 简介小短文，大概15句话左右。
国名：西班牙(Spain)
重要节日：国庆节：10月12日；宪法日：12月6日。
首都：马德里 (Madrid)，人口310万（2004年）。
面积：505,925平方公里
人口：45,200,737人（2007年估计）主要是卡斯蒂利亚人（即西班牙人），少数民族有加泰罗尼亚人（681万）、加里西亚人（275万）和巴斯克人（212万）。
宗教：96％的居民信奉天主教。
语言：卡斯蒂利亚语（即西班牙语）是官方语言和全国通用语言。少数民族语言在本地区亦为官方语言。
国家体制：君主立宪制，议会民主制
国花：石榴花
国石：绿宝石
国球：水球
货币：欧元(旧货币：比塞塔)
时差：比北京时间晚7小时，夏令时期间6小时；
西班牙国旗：呈长方形，长与宽之比为3∶2。旗面由三个平行的横长方形组成，上下均为红色，各占旗面的1／4；中间为黄色。黄色部分偏左侧绘有西班牙国徽。红、黄两色是西班牙人民喜爱的传统颜色，并分别代表组成西班牙的四个古老王国。 有一种说法是红色代表碧血，黄色代表黄沙，碧血黄沙象征的是西班牙人民酷爱的斗牛运动，从中体现的是英勇顽强、不畏强暴的精神。
西班牙国徽：中心图案为盾徽。盾面上有六组图案：左上角是红地上黄色城堡，右上角为白地上头戴王冠的红狮，城堡和狮子是古老西班牙的标志，分别象征卡斯蒂利亚和莱昂；左下角为黄、红相间的竖条，象征东北部的阿拉贡；右下角为红地上金色链网，象征位于北部的纳瓦拉；底部是白地上绿叶红石榴，象征南部的格拉纳达；盾面中心的蓝色椭圆形中有三朵百合花，象征国家富强、人民幸福、民族团结。盾徽上端有一顶大王冠，这是国家权力的象征。盾徽两旁各有一根海格力斯柱子。亦称大力神银柱，左、右柱顶端分别是王冠和帝国冠冕，缠绕着立柱的饰带上写着“海外还有大陆”。
国歌：《皇家进行曲》 西班牙国歌最早源于十八世纪卡洛斯三世时期的格拉纳达军队进行曲，皇家名称为《西班牙荣誉进行曲》，民间则称为《步兵进行曲》。王室曾多次组织音乐家谱写新歌，但无一能够超过这个曲子，于是这首有曲无词的国歌便延续下来，直至2007年年底，由全国性发起征集歌词的活动，确定了西班牙国歌歌词，歌词为“西班牙万岁！／我们一起唱／用不同的声音／同一颗心；”
“西班牙万岁！／从绿色的山谷／到浩瀚的海洋／是兄弟的赞歌；”
“我们热爱自己的祖国／要去拥抱她／在她湛蓝的天空下／各民族亲如一家；”
“光荣的子孙／伟大的历史／歌唱正义与繁荣／歌唱民主与和平。”
4段歌词体现了“团结、自由、民主、和平”。
但是这段歌词并没有得到广泛的认可，西班牙国歌的歌词问题还是被搁置了下来。
1931年，第二共和国曾把《列戈颂歌》定为国歌，但是民主政府失败后又恢复了原有国歌的地位。
重要人物：胡安·卡洛斯一世：国王，西班牙国家元首。1938年1月5日生于罗马，西班牙波旁王朝末代国王阿方索十三世之孙。幼时随父旅居意大利、瑞士和葡萄牙等国。1955年起，先后在西海、陆、空三军军事学院和大学学习，毕业后到政府各部门实习行政管理，1969年7月经西班牙议会批准为王位继承人，1975年11月登基。爱好滑雪、狩猎、航海、航空。1962年与希腊公主索菲娅结婚，有二女一子。
何塞·路易斯·罗德里格斯·萨帕特罗：首相。1960年8月4日生于卡斯蒂利亚-莱昂自治区。法学学士。1979年加入工社党。1986年成为西最年轻的众议员，此后连续4次当选。2000年7月被选为工社党总书记。2004年4月出任首相。
9. 有没有关于介绍西班牙的英语文章，不要太长的
Spain
A country of southwest Europe comprising most of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic and Canary Islands. Inhabited since the Stone Age, the region was colonized by Phoenicians and Greeks and later ruled by Carthage and Rome (after 201b.c.). Barbarians first invaded Spain in a.d. 409 but were supplanted by Moors from North Africa (711-719), who organized a kingdom known for its learning and splendor. The Moors were graally displaced by small Christian states and were ousted from their last stronghold, Granada, in 1492. Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile then became rulers of a united Spain, which became a world power through exploration and conquest. After the empire was lost in the 18th and 19th centuries, Spain experienced social and economic unrest that culminated in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and the rise of Francisco Franco. Madrid is the capital and the largest city. Population, 38,872,389.
西班牙：欧洲西南部一国家，由伊比利亚半岛大部分、巴里阿里群岛和加纳利群岛组成。从石器时代开始这里就有人居住，该地区先是成为腓尼基人和希腊人的殖民地，后被迦太基人和罗马人统治（公元前201年以后）。野蛮人于 公元409首次入侵西班牙，但后来被来自北非的摩尔人取代(711-719年），摩尔人建立了一个博学和辉煌的王国。后来摩尔人逐渐被基督教小?/FONT>��妫�⒆钪沼?492年被逐出他们的堡垒-格拉纳达，而后阿拉贡的斐迪南和卡斯提里亚的伊莎贝拉成为西班牙的统治者，他们通过扩张和征服成为世界强国。该帝国在18世纪和19世纪没落以后，西班牙国内社会、经济上的动荡最终导致了西班牙内战(1936-1939年）和弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥的崛起。马德里是其首都和最大城市。人口38,872,389
----------------------------------------------------
Spain
officially Kingdom of Spain
Country, southwestern Europe.
One of Europe's largest countries, it is located on the Iberian Peninsula and also includes the Balearic and Canary islands. Area: 195,364 sq mi (505,990 sq km). Population (2002 est.): 40,998,000. Capital: Madrid. The people are predominantly Spanish, though there are populations of Basques, Catalans, and Roma (Gypsies). Languages: Castilian Spanish (official), Catalan, Galician, and Basque. Religion: Roman Catholicism. Currency: euro. Spain's large central plateau is surrounded by the Ebro River valley, the mountainous Catalonia region, the Mediterranean coastal region of Valencia, the Guadalquivir River valley, and the mountainous region extending from the Pyrenees to the Atlantic coast. Spain has a developed market economy based on services, light and heavy instries, and agriculture. Mineral resources include iron ore, mercury, and coal. Agricultural procts include grains and livestock. Spain is one of the world's major procers of wine and olive oil. Tourism is also a major instry, especially along the southern Costa del Sol. Remains of Stone Age populations dating back some 35,000 years have been found throughout Spain. Celtic peoples arrived in the 9th century BC, followed by the Romans, who dominated Spain from с 200 BC until the Visigoth invasion in the early 5th century AD. In the early 8th century most of the peninsula fell to Muslims (Moors) from North Africa, and it remained under their control until it was graally reconquered by the Christian kingdoms of Castile, Aragon, and Portugal. Spain was reunited in 1479 following the marriage of Ferdinand II (of Aragon) and Isabella I (of Castile). The last Muslim kingdom, Granada, was reconquered in 1492, and about this time Spain established a colonial empire in the Americas. In 1516 the throne passed to the Habsburgs, whose rule ended in 1700 when Philip V became the first Bourbon king of Spain. His ascendancy caused the War of the Spanish Succession, which resulted in the loss of numerous European possessions and sparked revolution within most of Spain's American colonies. Spain lost its remaining overseas possessions to the U.S. in the Spanish-American War (1898). (See Cuba; Guam; Philippines; Puerto Rico.) Spain became a republic in 1931. The Spanish Civil War (1936–39) ended in victory for the Nationalists under Gen. Francisco Franco, who ruled as a dictator until his death in 1975. His successor as head of state, Juan Carlos I, restored the monarchy with his accession to the throne; a new constitution in 1978 established a constitutional monarchy. Spain has two legislative houses; the chief of state is the king, and the head of government is the prime minister. Spain joined NATO in 1982 and the European Community in 1986. The 1992 quincentennial of Christopher Columbus's first voyage from Spain to the Americas was marked by a fair in Sevilla and the staging of the Olympic Games in Barcelona. In the 1990s Spain developed closer ties to other European countries but continued to suffer internally, as Basque separatists pressed their claims for independence and some continued a campaign of violence.
西班牙 [Spain]
正式名称西班牙王国。
欧洲西南部国家。欧洲最大的国家之一，位于伊比利亚半岛。也包括巴利阿里群岛和加那利群岛。面积：505,990平方千米。人口：40,144,000(2001)。首都：马德里。西班牙人占人口的大多数，其他还有巴斯克人、加泰罗尼亚人和吉普赛人(罗姆人)。语言：卡斯蒂利亚西班牙语(官方语)、加泰罗尼亚语、加利西亚语和巴斯克语。宗教：天主教(2/3)和伊斯兰教。货币：欧元。西班牙的大片中央高地可分为5个自然区：埃布罗河流域，加泰罗尼亚山区，巴伦西亚地中海沿岸地区，瓜达尔基维尔河流域和从比利牛斯山脉伸至大西洋沿岸的山区。西班牙发达的市场经济主要以服务业、轻工业、重工业和农业为基础。矿产资源包括铁矿石、汞和煤。农产品有谷物和牲畜。西班牙也是世界主要的葡萄酒生产国之一。旅游业也是西班牙的一个主要行业，尤其是在沿太阳海岸南部。西班牙为君主立宪政体，两院制。国家元首是国王，政府首脑为总理。在西班牙境内各地曾发现约3.5万年前石器时代的人类遗迹。公元前9世纪，凯尔特人来到这里，接着是罗马人。自公元前200年，罗马人统治了西班牙，直到5世纪初西哥特人入侵。8世纪初，半岛大部分地区落入来自北非的穆斯林(摩尔人)手中，此后该地区一直由穆斯林控制，直到逐渐被卡斯蒂利亚和阿拉贡地区的基督教王国及葡萄牙重新占领。随着阿拉贡的费迪南德二世和卡斯蒂利亚的伊莎贝拉一世的成婚，西班牙于1479年统一。1492年，征服了最后穆斯林王国格拉纳达。大约此时，西班牙也在美洲建立了殖民帝国。1516年将王位传给哈布斯堡王朝。1700年，腓力五世成为西班牙第一个波旁国王，结束哈布斯堡王朝统治。腓力登基引发了西班牙王位继承战争，结果丧失了许多欧洲属地。战争的胜利使多数西班牙美洲殖民地的人民受到鼓舞，纷纷起来革命。在1898年的美西战争中，西班牙在海外所剩的属地(参阅古巴[Cuba]、关岛[Guam]、菲律宾[Philippines]和波多黎各[Puerto Rico])丧失给美国。1931年西班牙成为一个共和国。西班牙内战(1936～1939)以由佛朗哥将军领导下的国家主义者取得胜利而告终。佛朗哥独裁统治至1975年去世。国家元首的继承人――胡安・卡洛斯一世就任王位，恢复君主体制。1978年新宪法实行君主议会制。1982年加入北约。1986年加入欧洲共同体。1992年为纪念C.哥伦布从西班牙首航美洲500周年，西班牙在塞维利亚举办博览会并在巴塞罗那举办奥林匹克运动会以示庆祝。20世纪90年代西班牙同其他欧洲国家发展了较密切的关系，不过，国内仍受到巴斯克分离主义者要求独立的威胁。