pv物理卷
情况介绍：
一、由于硬盘或者分区的操作方式其实都一样，所以我这里就以分区为例。
二、/home分区2.6G，由如下pv组成：
/dev/sda5 100M
/dev/sda6 200M
/dev/sda7 300M
/dev/sda8 400M
/dev/sda9 500M
/dev/sda10 600M
/dev/sda11 500M
很碎对吧?^_^因为测试。
三、随机写了一堆文件进去，用量达到了2G，空闲500M
四、准备将sda6这个200M的PV卸掉(卸掉的容量必须小于空闲容量)
好了开始具体操作了。
卸载分区(缩小操作必须卸载才能进行)：
umount /home
缩小分区：
e2fsck -f /dev/liuhg_disk/home
resize2fs /dev/liuhg_disk/home 2200M
首先将分区缩小到2200M这是为了给sda6腾出空间，sda6为200M，而我腾出了400M，因此应该是足够的。
缩小逻辑卷：
lvrece -L 2200M /dev/liuhg_disk/home
分区缩小了用到的逻辑卷也要随着缩小，并查看PV使用的状态：
pvdisplay -m
显示如下：
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda5
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 103.26 MiB / not usable 3.26 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 25
PV UUID 5lnx52-b4jc-OOfZ-f2QA-ttdQ-DZeD-Ce3rb3
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 24:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 0 to 24
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda6
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 203.92 MiB / not usable 3.92 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 50
Free PE 0 <-----太悲剧了，sda6里写满了数据一点不剩
Allocated PE 50 <-----这50PE的数据要挪走才行，否则数据就丢了，并且存放的地方也必须是连续的至少50PE
PV UUID S2ane6-nlFG-uSNR-35NP-Yxa6-cXRb-r8E8mK
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 49:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 25 to 74
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda7
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 305.89 MiB / not usable 1.89 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 76
Free PE 76 <---这个分区有76个空余，因此预计装那50个是不会有问题的
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 9CFnlx-CAEw-CSul-Rig9-FiCN-zK0a-oGmTEP
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 75:
FREE
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda8
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 407.87 MiB / not usable 3.87 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 101
Free PE 60
Allocated PE 41
PV UUID X0I8p0-x2xr-2xLG-QQD4-jbtS-3C4i-xPn4Bl
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 40:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 471 to 511
Physical extent 41 to 100:
FREE
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda9
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 509.84 MiB / not usable 1.84 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 127
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 127
PV UUID avJQaA-oMKt-NEoJ-ojBK-2Csc-1dca-1mh6Ue
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 126:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 225 to 351
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda10
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 603.98 MiB / not usable 3.98 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 150
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 150
PV UUID JlMIAF-A49n-M6HA-ZLXf-d8nS-pfZr-YeQsKT
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 149:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 75 to 224
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda11
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 478.47 MiB / not usable 2.47 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 119
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 119
PV UUID xnHJNA-tDVx-dryX-KM1x-g96Y-sptI-9iUOcU
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 118:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 352 to 470
将sda6设置为离线状态：
pvchange -xn /dev/sda6
使用pvdisplay -m
显示如下：
……
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda6
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 203.92 MiB / not usable 3.92 MiB
Allocatable NO <-----表示已经关闭了该PV
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 50
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 50
PV UUID S2ane6-nlFG-uSNR-35NP-Yxa6-cXRb-r8E8mK
……
将sda6的数据移走：
pvmove -i 1 /dev/sda6
-i 1是每1秒钟报告一次数据迁移的进度。
[root@liuhg /]# pvmove -i 1 /dev/sda6
/dev/sda6: Moved: 38.0%
/dev/sda6: Moved: 84.0%
/dev/sda6: Moved: 100.0%
重新用pvdisplay -m
显示如下：
……
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda6
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 203.92 MiB / not usable 3.92 MiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 50
Free PE 50 <----显示完全空闲和Total PE数一致
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID S2ane6-nlFG-uSNR-35NP-Yxa6-cXRb-r8E8mK
……
从卷组里把sda6删除:
[root@liuhg /]# vgrece liuhg_disk /dev/sda6
Removed "/dev/sda6" from volume group "liuhg_disk"
pvdisplay -m再看看吧：
--- NEW Physical volume --- <-----还告诉你这是一个新的PV ^_^
PV Name /dev/sda6
VG Name <-----空了
PV Size 203.92 MiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID S2ane6-nlFG-uSNR-35NP-Yxa6-cXRb-r8E8mK
到此vgdisplay -v能看到已经没有了/dev/sda6了。重新挂载/home
[root@liuhg /]# mount /dev/liuhg_disk/home /home
[root@liuhg /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 2.0G 546M 1.3G 30% /
tmpfs 504M 0 504M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/liuhg_disk-home
2.2G 1.8G 42M 98% /home
进去看看数据，一个都没丢。
『贰』 如何安全的删除Linux LVM中的PV物理卷
情况介绍：
一、由于硬盘或者分区的操作方式其实都一样，所以我这里就以分区为例。
二、/home分区2.6G，由如下pv组成：
/dev/sda5 100M
/dev/sda6 200M
/dev/sda7 300M
/dev/sda8 400M
/dev/sda9 500M
/dev/sda10 600M
/dev/sda11 500M
很碎对吧?^_^因为测试。
三、随机写了一堆文件进去，用量达到了2G，空闲500M
四、准备将sda6这个200M的PV卸掉(卸掉的容量必须小于空闲容量)
好了开始具体操作了。
卸载分区(缩小操作必须卸载才能进行)：
『叁』 LVM问题：请问pv为什么只有pvcreate，没有pvextend命令谢谢！
pv，就是物理卷，是将物理硬盘分区作为物理卷,物理分区是不能扩展的。
你多创建几个pv,就等于扩展了。
『肆』 PV LV 分别是什么
Physical volume（PV，物理卷）
多磁盘PV组成存储池VG，再根据应用细分逻辑卷LV，空间利用率提高
LVM———Logical Volume Manager(逻辑卷管理管理管理管理器)的简写
『伍』 如何安全的删除Linux LVM中的PV物理卷
一、由于硬盘或者分区的操作方式其实都一样，所以就以分区为例。
二、/home分区2.6G，由如下pv组成：
/dev/sda5 100M
/dev/sda6 200M
/dev/sda7 300M
/dev/sda8 400M
/dev/sda9 500M
/dev/sda10 600M
/dev/sda11 500M
很碎对吧?^_^因为测试。
三、随机写了一堆文件进去，用量达到了2G，空闲500M
四、准备将sda6这个200M的PV卸掉(卸掉的容量必须小于空闲容量)
好了开始具体操作了。
卸载分区(缩小操作必须卸载才能进行)：
umount /home
缩小分区：
e2fsck -f /dev/liuhg_disk/home
resize2fs /dev/liuhg_disk/home 2200M
首先将分区缩小到2200M这是为了给sda6腾出空间，sda6为200M，而我腾出了400M，因此应该是足够的。
缩小逻辑卷：
lvrece -L 2200M /dev/liuhg_disk/home
分区缩小了用到的逻辑卷也要随着缩小，并查看PV使用的状态：
pvdisplay -m
显示如下：
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda5
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 103.26 MiB / not usable 3.26 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 25
PV UUID 5lnx52-b4jc-OOfZ-f2QA-ttdQ-DZeD-Ce3rb3
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 24:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 0 to 24
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda6
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 203.92 MiB / not usable 3.92 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 50
Free PE 0 <-----太悲剧了，sda6里写满了数据一点不剩
Allocated PE 50 <-----这50PE的数据要挪走才行，否则数据就丢了，并且存放的地方也必须是连续的至少50PE
PV UUID S2ane6-nlFG-uSNR-35NP-Yxa6-cXRb-r8E8mK
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 49:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 25 to 74
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda7
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 305.89 MiB / not usable 1.89 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 76
Free PE 76 <---这个分区有76个空余，因此预计装那50个是不会有问题的
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 9CFnlx-CAEw-CSul-Rig9-FiCN-zK0a-oGmTEP
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 75:
FREE
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda8
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 407.87 MiB / not usable 3.87 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 101
Free PE 60
Allocated PE 41
PV UUID X0I8p0-x2xr-2xLG-QQD4-jbtS-3C4i-xPn4Bl
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 40:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 471 to 511
Physical extent 41 to 100:
FREE
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda9
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 509.84 MiB / not usable 1.84 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 127
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 127
PV UUID avJQaA-oMKt-NEoJ-ojBK-2Csc-1dca-1mh6Ue
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 126:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 225 to 351
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda10
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 603.98 MiB / not usable 3.98 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 150
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 150
PV UUID JlMIAF-A49n-M6HA-ZLXf-d8nS-pfZr-YeQsKT
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 149:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 75 to 224
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda11
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 478.47 MiB / not usable 2.47 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 119
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 119
PV UUID xnHJNA-tDVx-dryX-KM1x-g96Y-sptI-9iUOcU
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 118:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 352 to 470
将sda6设置为离线状态：
pvchange -xn /dev/sda6
使用pvdisplay -m
显示如下：
……
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda6
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 203.92 MiB / not usable 3.92 MiB
Allocatable NO <-----表示已经关闭了该PV
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 50
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 50
PV UUID S2ane6-nlFG-uSNR-35NP-Yxa6-cXRb-r8E8mK
……
将sda6的数据移走：
pvmove -i 1 /dev/sda6
-i 1是每1秒钟报告一次数据迁移的进度。
[root@liuhg /]# pvmove -i 1 /dev/sda6
/dev/sda6: Moved: 38.0%
/dev/sda6: Moved: 84.0%
/dev/sda6: Moved: 100.0%
重新用pvdisplay -m
显示如下：
……
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda6
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 203.92 MiB / not usable 3.92 MiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 50
Free PE 50 <----显示完全空闲和Total PE数一致
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID S2ane6-nlFG-uSNR-35NP-Yxa6-cXRb-r8E8mK
……
从卷组里把sda6删除:
[root@liuhg /]# vgrece liuhg_disk /dev/sda6
Removed "/dev/sda6" from volume group "liuhg_disk"
pvdisplay -m再看看吧：
--- NEW Physical volume --- <-----还告诉你这是一个新的PV ^_^
PV Name /dev/sda6
VG Name <-----空了
PV Size 203.92 MiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID S2ane6-nlFG-uSNR-35NP-Yxa6-cXRb-r8E8mK
到此vgdisplay -v能看到已经没有了/dev/sda6了。重新挂载/home
[root@liuhg /]# mount /dev/liuhg_disk/home /home
[root@liuhg /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 2.0G 546M 1.3G 30% /
tmpfs 504M 0 504M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/liuhg_disk-home
2.2G 1.8G 42M 98% /home
进去看看数据，一个都没丢。
『陆』 关于将linux分区初始化为物理卷pv
创建pv的时候；这个物理设备本身是不应该有文件系统的；所以压根不会说数据之说
在pv的基础上建立vg;在vg的基础上建立lv；在lv的基础上才是文件系统；
『柒』 一道关于pv=nRT的物理题!
设 标准大气压为 p
因为 标准状况下(0摄氏度 101KP) 1L氧气的体积22.4L //这是常数
（这里的T不是摄氏度 是热力学温度 273的关系）
由pv=nRT
得
p * 22.4L = 1mol * R * （70+273）°-----①
已知
5p * 1.5L = n * R * 273°-------②
① / ②
得 n =0.1mol
『捌』 如何安全的删除Linux LVM中的PV物理卷(硬盘或分区)
情况介绍：
一、由于硬盘或者分区的操作方式其实都一样，所以我这里就以分区为例。
二、/home分区2.6G，由如下pv组成：
/dev/sda5 100M
/dev/sda6 200M
/dev/sda7 300M
/dev/sda8 400M
/dev/sda9 500M
/dev/sda10 600M
/dev/sda11 500M
很碎对吧?^_^因为测试。
三、随机写了一堆文件进去，用量达到了2G，空闲500M
四、准备将sda6这个200M的PV卸掉(卸掉的容量必须小于空闲容量)
好了开始具体操作了。
卸载分区(缩小操作必须卸载才能进行)：
umount /home
缩小分区：
e2fsck -f /dev/liuhg_disk/home
resize2fs /dev/liuhg_disk/home 2200M
首先将分区缩小到2200M这是为了给sda6腾出空间，sda6为200M，而我腾出了400M，因此应该是足够的。
缩小逻辑卷：
lvrece -L 2200M /dev/liuhg_disk/home
分区缩小了用到的逻辑卷也要随着缩小，并查看PV使用的状态：
pvdisplay -m
显示如下：
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda5
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 103.26 MiB / not usable 3.26 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 25
PV UUID 5lnx52-b4jc-OOfZ-f2QA-ttdQ-DZeD-Ce3rb3
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 24:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 0 to 24
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda6
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 203.92 MiB / not usable 3.92 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 50
Free PE 0 <-----太悲剧了，sda6里写满了数据一点不剩
Allocated PE 50 <-----这50PE的数据要挪走才行，否则数据就丢了，并且存放的地方也必须是连续的至少50PE
PV UUID S2ane6-nlFG-uSNR-35NP-Yxa6-cXRb-r8E8mK
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 49:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 25 to 74
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda7
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 305.89 MiB / not usable 1.89 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 76
Free PE 76 <---这个分区有76个空余，因此预计装那50个是不会有问题的
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 9CFnlx-CAEw-CSul-Rig9-FiCN-zK0a-oGmTEP
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 75:
FREE
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda8
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 407.87 MiB / not usable 3.87 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 101
Free PE 60
Allocated PE 41
PV UUID X0I8p0-x2xr-2xLG-QQD4-jbtS-3C4i-xPn4Bl
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 40:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 471 to 511
Physical extent 41 to 100:
FREE
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda9
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 509.84 MiB / not usable 1.84 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 127
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 127
PV UUID avJQaA-oMKt-NEoJ-ojBK-2Csc-1dca-1mh6Ue
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 126:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 225 to 351
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda10
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 603.98 MiB / not usable 3.98 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 150
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 150
PV UUID JlMIAF-A49n-M6HA-ZLXf-d8nS-pfZr-YeQsKT
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 149:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 75 to 224
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda11
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 478.47 MiB / not usable 2.47 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 119
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 119
PV UUID xnHJNA-tDVx-dryX-KM1x-g96Y-sptI-9iUOcU
--- Physical Segments ---
Physical extent 0 to 118:
Logical volume /dev/liuhg_disk/home
Logical extents 352 to 470
将sda6设置为离线状态：
pvchange -xn /dev/sda6
使用pvdisplay -m
显示如下：
……
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda6
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 203.92 MiB / not usable 3.92 MiB
Allocatable NO <-----表示已经关闭了该PV
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 50
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 50
PV UUID S2ane6-nlFG-uSNR-35NP-Yxa6-cXRb-r8E8mK
……
将sda6的数据移走：
pvmove -i 1 /dev/sda6
-i 1是每1秒钟报告一次数据迁移的进度。
[root@liuhg /]# pvmove -i 1 /dev/sda6
/dev/sda6: Moved: 38.0%
/dev/sda6: Moved: 84.0%
/dev/sda6: Moved: 100.0%
重新用pvdisplay -m
显示如下：
……
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda6
VG Name liuhg_disk
PV Size 203.92 MiB / not usable 3.92 MiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 50
Free PE 50 <----显示完全空闲和Total PE数一致
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID S2ane6-nlFG-uSNR-35NP-Yxa6-cXRb-r8E8mK
……
从卷组里把sda6删除:
[root@liuhg /]# vgrece liuhg_disk /dev/sda6
Removed "/dev/sda6" from volume group "liuhg_disk"
pvdisplay -m再看看吧：
--- NEW Physical volume --- <-----还告诉你这是一个新的PV ^_^
PV Name /dev/sda6
VG Name <-----空了
PV Size 203.92 MiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID S2ane6-nlFG-uSNR-35NP-Yxa6-cXRb-r8E8mK
到此vgdisplay -v能看到已经没有了/dev/sda6了。重新挂载/home
[root@liuhg /]# mount /dev/liuhg_disk/home /home
[root@liuhg /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 2.0G 546M 1.3G 30% /
tmpfs 504M 0 504M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/liuhg_disk-home
2.2G 1.8G 42M 98% /home
进去看看数据，一个都没丢。
『玖』 PV和PE各指什么
PV（Physical Volume，物理卷）
PE（Physical Extent）
LVM（Logical Volume Manager）是操作系统中一个磁盘管理子系统，而不是文件系统！
在LVM里，一个PV（Physical Volume，物理卷）对应且只对应一个物理硬盘，一个或者多个PV组成一个VG（Volume Group，卷组），而从一个VG里又可以虚拟划分出若干个LV（Logical Volume，逻辑卷），真正的文件系统是创建在LV上面的
非连续空间分配主要表现在给LV分配空间时，PE的不连续性。这种非连续性空间分配策略是LVM在创建LV时的默认策略，优点是可以跨多个PV，充分利用有效的剩余空间，同时非常方便扩文件系统，但是缺点之一是可能造成磁盘分配不均衡。当然，可以用lvextend来指定分配到哪个硬盘，但是效果不理想。相比之下，连续性空间分配策略对PE的分配要求要高得多：
·首先是不能跨多个PV
·PE必须按升序连续分配