初二英語語法
初二上
1. so+謂語+主語：…也一樣. 謂語:be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞
2. so+主語+謂語:的確如此,真的這樣.
3. help yourself/yurselves to．．．請隨便吃點．．．
4. 發現sb做sth : find sb doing sth
5. 不完全同意I don』t really agree.
完全不同意I really don』t agree.
6. 或者．．或者．．．either…or…..就近原則
既不．．也不．．neither…nor….就近原則
既．．．．又．．．both…and….謂語用復數
7. 看起來，似乎It seems/seemed that…..
8. 由於．．．而聞名be famous for….
9. 餐館就餐用語：a table for two/sit at the table by the window/here』s the menu/May I take your order?/could we have the bill?/That』s all.
10. 問路Which is the way to…/where is…/How can I get to…/Is there a..near here/Can you tell me the way to…/Can you tell me how I can get to…?
11. turn right at the third crossing/traffic lights在第3個路口往右拐＝take the third crossing on your right
12. 過橋go across the bridge=cross the bridge
13. 走到路的盡頭go up this road to the end=go on until you reach the end.
14. at the street corner在街角
15. on sb』s way to….在sb去…的途中/路上
16. what』s the matter?=what』s wrong?=what』s the trouble?怎麼了?
17. be sick in hospital/in bed 生病住院/卧床
18. Maybe it is there=it may be there可能在那裡.
19. It takes/took/will take sb+時間+to do sth. Sb做sth花費了…時間
20. 路途遙遠It』s (5 kms)far(away) from…=That』s quite a long way.
21. wait for…等待
22. 五分鍾的步行/駕駛路程：five minutes』 walk/drive
23. 迷路lose sb』s way/sb be lost/sb get lost
24. just then=just at that time/moment就在那時
25. 首先first of all=at first
26. a big city like Tokyo像東京這樣的大城市
27. It』s easy/interesting/important/ (for sb) to do sth.（對sb來說）做sth是容易的/有趣的/重要的.
28. if 條件狀語從句：從句一般現在時，主句一般將來時。如：If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the zoo.
29. at the head /end of…在…的前/尾部
30. 我的背很疼. My back hurts badly.
31. 為…做准備get /be ready for…
32. stop sb (from) doing sth.阻止/不讓sb做sth
33. have a good/wonderful time=enjoy oneself 玩得很高興
34. answer in a tired voice/with a smile 用疲憊的聲音/面帶微笑回答。
35. quarrel with sb on sth 為了sth與sb 吵架
36. complain about sth 為…而抱怨,投訴
37. 生病用語：sb have a headache=sb have a pain in the head 頭痛，have a cough 咳嗽，have/catch a cold 感冒，have cancer 得了癌症。
38. have /take the medicine three times a day 吃葯，每天3次
39. take sb』s temperature 量體溫，look over 醫生檢查病人
40. drink more water 多喝水，take more exercise 多鍛煉
41. sb醒來: sb wake up, //sb 醒著的：sb be awake
42. sb 睡著了入睡 be/fall asleep
43. 忙著…bu busy doing/with sth
44. as soon as… 一… 就 ...
45. sleeping pills安眠葯，light music 輕音樂
46. again and again 再三地，一次又一次
47. dream about…夢見…; dream of… 夢想成為…
48. 系動詞+形容詞: be/smell/taste/sound/look/feel/turn/get/become
49. make trouble製造麻煩，惹是生非，make a noise 製造噪音
50. every five minutes 每隔5分鍾
51. instead/instead of…代替，取而代之，反而
52. write to sb. 寫信給sb
53. get enough sleep 睡眠充足；stay happy 保持心情開朗
54. on time 准時；in time 按時
55. sb had better (not) do sth， sb 最好（別）做sth
56. land on …登陸
57. pull…out of..=pull…up from…拉上來
58. 不定代詞：something/anyone/nobody/everywhere等
59. we』re all by ourselves=we』re alone.單獨，獨自
60. feel a little afraid/don』t be afraid. 有點害怕/別害怕
61. perhaps=maybe也許，可能
62. not …until… 直到…才…
63. sooner or later 遲早，早晚
64. ran after追//ran to …向..跑去// ran away 逃跑了
65. eat up 吃光// use up 用完
66. take (good) care of ..=look after…照顧，保管
67. 我自學英語learn English by myself= teach myself English
68. learn to do sth 學會…
69. 記日記 keep a diary，寫日記 write a diary
70. leave sb by oneself 單獨留下sb
71. join in the League/Party 入團/黨
72. 越來越…:比較級+and+比較級; more and more +多音節詞。如：bigger and bigger , more and more interesting
73. 越…, 就越…: the +比較級，the +比較級。 如：越大越好：the bigger, the better
74. turn on/off 開/關（電器），turn up/down音量開大/小
75. the whole story=all the story整個故事,整件事情
76. 過了一會兒after a while/moment
77. make faces 做鬼臉
78. 名勝，景點interesting places=places of interest
79. my hometown in Zhejiang 我浙江的老家
80. 暑假summer holidays; 五一假期 May 1st holiday
81. a strong wind大風；in the wind 在風里
82. make sb do sth. 使/逼迫sb做sth
83. 倒裝句（為了強調）There he is./ Away he went.
84. with these words. 說完這些話，說著說著（伴隨狀語）。
85. I don』t know how to use it yet. 我不知道怎樣使用它。
where to go. 我不知道該去哪裡。
what to do. 我不知道該做什麼。
86. wait for sb』s turn to do sth 等著輪到sb做sth
It』s sb』s turn to do sth. 輪到sb去做sth
被動：be+動詞過去分詞
eg：The trees are planted every year.
過去完成時:
過去完成時表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已經發生的動作或情況，一般用在描述過去的某個時點已經發生過的動作或情況的句子中,即：過去的過去。如:
When we got there, the football match had already started.
當我們趕到時，足球比賽已經開始了。
過去完成時由「主語+had+動詞過去分詞」構成。其肯定句，否定句和疑問句結構如下：
肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞+其他.
否定句：主語+had not+過去分詞+其他.
疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞+其他?
He had worked for two years by then. 到那時他已經工作兩年了。
He hadn't worked for two years by then. 到那時他已經兩年不工作了。
Had he worked for two years by then? 到那時他已經工作兩年了嗎？
三、過去完成時的基本用法
1. 過去完成時表示在過去某一時間之前已完成的動作，表示對這一過去時間造成的結果或影響。常用以下幾種方式：
(1) 用by，before等構成的介詞短語。 eg:
Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month.
到上個月底，琳達已經學了10首英文歌曲。
John had repaired that machine before midnight.
在半夜之前約翰已經修好了那台機器。
(2) 用when, before, after等引導的時間狀語從句。如:
The train had started before we got to the station.
在我們到達車站之前，火車已經開了。
The plane had taken off when I reached the airport.
我到達機場時，飛機已經起飛了。
2. 過去完成時還可以表示過去某一時間以前發生開始的動作持續到
這一過去的時間。常與for, since引導的表示一段時間的短語或從句連用。如:
I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came here.
我來這之前，在一家醫院已經工作三年了。
He told us that he had worked here since 10 years before.
初二下
a pair of一雙，一對
ask for 請求
ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干
agree with贊同
all year round一年到頭，全年
all kinds of各種，各樣
all the time一直
argue with與爭吵
around the world在世界各地
arrive in/at到達
at least至少
at a meeting在開會
at first首先
as…as possible盡可能
as…as象一樣
be able to能夠
be angry with 生氣
be mad at對感到氣憤
be good at擅長於
be careful小心
be allowed被允許
be surprised驚訝
be supposed to被期望/被要求
be interested in對感興趣
break the rule打破規則
by the way順便
complain about抱怨
come along出現，發生
come true實現，達到
come in進來
cut in line插隊
call sb. up打電話給
do/wash the dishes洗碗
drop litter亂扔垃圾
do well in在方面做得好
enjoy /finish doing sth喜歡/完成某事
end up結束
fall in love with愛上
fall asleep入睡
far from遠離
first of all首先
fly to飛向
find out找到
…find it adj. to do sth
keep…down壓低聲音
keep out不讓進入
look for尋找
look smart 看起來精幹
look after照顧
look through瀏覽
let (sb) in讓進
let sb do sth 讓某人干
get along相處
get over克服
get annoyed生氣
get bored厭煩
get an ecation受教育
get on (well) with與相處（好）
get injured受傷
give sb sth/give sth to sb給某人某物
give away贈送
go skating去溜冰
go out of從出去/來
have a fight with與打架/爭吵
have a surprise party舉行驚訝聚會
have a great/good time玩得愉快
have been to曾到過
hear about/of聽說
hundreds of好幾百
had better (not) do sth最好做
in a minute一會兒
in 100 years100年後
in good health身體健康
in front of 在前面
in the future 未來，將來
in the front of在前面
in the playground在操場
in/out of style時髦/過時
in silence默默地
in order to目的
in (Russian) style具有俄國風格
in public places在公共場合
make sb do sth使某人干
make a living (doing sth)謀生
make money賺錢
make friends with與交友
more than多於
need to do sth 需要干
not…anymore不再
not…until直到為止
not at all一點也不
on (my tenth) birthday在（我十歲）生日
on the phone在通話
on the one/other hand在一（另）方面
open up打開
put out熄滅
pick…up撿起
pass (sth) on (to sb)傳遞
pay for 付款
part-time job兼職工作
run out of用盡
run away逃跑
rather than勝於
right away立刻，馬上
spend…on/(in) doing sth花費
seem to do sth好象干
sleep late睡懶覺
see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做
start/begin to do/doing sth 開始干某事
adj.(special) enough夠（特別
It take sb some time to do sth.花費某人時間干某事
the same as與相同
try (not) to do sth盡力（不）干
three quarters四分之三
turn on/off打開/關掉
turn up/down開大/關小
talk to/with與談話
take care of照顧
take part in參加
take off起飛take away拿走
take place發生
take an interest in對感興趣
take care (not) to do小心（不）做
thanks for (doing)謝謝（做）
wait in line排隊等候
want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干
There will be fewer/less…
--What should I do?
--You should do…
--what were you doing when…?
--I was (doing)…when…
While he was (doing)…,a girl called the police.
If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers won』t let you in.
--How long have you been skating?
--I』ve been skating since nine o』clock/for five hours.
Would you mind (not) doing sth?
Could you please (not) do sth?
Why don』t you /not (do sth)?
How/What about sth/doingsth?
他告訴我他自從十年前就一直在這兒工作了。
⑵ 初二必會的英語語法有哪些
一、意義與構成
1. 意義：表示過去
1) 發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成影響或後果
2) 某一時間開始並一直持續到現在的動作或狀態
2. 基本構成：have/has+ done (過去分詞)
3. 句型
基本結構：主語+have/has+ done (過去分詞)
a. 肯定句：主語+have/has+ done (過去分詞)
b. 否定句：主語+have/has+not+ done (過去分詞)
c. 一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+ done (過去分詞)
d. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+ done過去分詞
二、過去分詞
與動詞的過去式一樣,動詞的過去分詞有規則動詞過去分詞和不規則動詞過去分詞兩種.
1. 規則動詞：規則動詞的過去分詞的構成規則與規則動詞的過去式的構成規則相同
1) 一般動詞,在詞尾直接加「 ed 」
如：work—worked—worked; play—played—played; enjoy—enjoyed—enjoyed.
2) 以「e」結尾的動詞,只在詞尾加「d 」
如：dance—danced—danced; live—lived—lived; place—placed—placed.
3) 以「輔音字母 + y 」結尾的動詞,將 「y」 變為 「i」 ,再加「ed」
注意：母音字母+y結尾的動詞的過去分詞的變法參見一般動詞.
如：carry—carried—carried; hurry—hurried—hurried; cry—cried—cried
4) 重讀閉音節結尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母,先雙寫這個輔音字母,再加「ed」
如：plan—planned—planned; stop—stopped—stopped; drop—dropped—dropped
2. 不規則動詞
不規則動詞的過去分詞有5種形式：
A-A-A 如：cost—cost—cost; cut—cut—cut; hit—hit—hit
A-B-B 如：bring—brought—brought; build—built—built; catch—caught—caught;
keep—kept—kept; sell—sold—sold; smell—smelt—smelt;
learn—learnt—learnt; say—said—said; meet—met—met;
make—made—made; leave—left—left
此類變化涉及到的動詞較多,需要同學們認真記憶.
A-B-C 如：begin—began—begun; blow—blew—blown; drive—drove—drive;
break—broke—broken; forget—forgot—forgotten; eat—ate—eaten;
take—took—taken; do—did—done
此類變化涉及到的動詞較多,需要同學們認真記憶.
A-A-B 如：beat—beat—beaten
A-B-A 如：come—came—come
不規則動詞的過去分詞變化規則多,但是還是有一定的規律所循,希望同學們多花心思,細心記下,這是使用完成時態的基礎.
三、用法
1. 現在完成時用來表示過去已發生過或完成的動作或狀態,但其結果卻和現在有聯系,也就是說,動
作或狀態發生在過去但它的影響現在還存在.
I have spent all of my money. 我花光了身上所有的錢.
(含義是：I don』t have any money now.)
Jane has laid the table. Jane已經把桌子擺好了.
(含義是：We can sit and have dinner.)
Michael has been ill. Michael病了.
(含義是：He can』t come to school.)
He has returned from abroad. 他已經從國外回來了.
(含義是：He』s at home now.)
2. 現在完成時可以用來表示發生在過去某一時刻的,持續到現在的情況,常與for（+時間段）,
since（+時間點）連用.
Mary has been ill for three days. Mary已經病了三天了.
I have lived here since 1998. 我從1998年起一直住在這.
I have been a teacher for 10 years. 我當老師已經10年了.
注意：點動詞（buy, die, join, finish等）不能直接與for, since 連用,需要改變動詞.
1) have代替buy
I have bought new car. 他買了輛新車.(含義：他自己有車,不用搭別人車等.)
I have had this bike for almost 7 years. 我買這輛自行車七年了.
2) 用keep或have代替borrow
He has kept the book for a long time. 他借這書好長時間了.
3) 用be in替代come to/ join/ move to等
How long have you been in America? 你來美國多久了?
4) 用be+副詞 替代start/ get up/ return to/go back to
The show has been on for half an hour. Hurry up!
演出已經開始了半個小時了.快點!
I』ve been up for an hour, but I still feel sleepy.
我起床已經一個小時了,但是我還是覺得很困.
He has been back to his hometown for a year, but he』s still missing the life in the
city.
他回到故鄉都一年了,但是他還是很懷念城市生活.
總之,後加時間的完成時表達中,都表達一個動作所延續的時間,而點動詞只表達那一動作,動作之後所處的狀態,應該用相應的狀態詞來表達,如come是「來」的意思,而來之後的日子都是「在…」因為不能用come表達,應該用be in…來表達,意為「一直處於…」.
3. 現在完成時的時間狀語
現在完成時屬於現在時范圍,故不能和過去的時間狀語連用.如：yesterday, last Sunday,
in1990, three years ago等.但是,在強調動作產生的後果和影響時,可以和一些表示不確定的時
間狀語連用.
如：I have finished my homework yesterday. (×)
I finished my homework yesterday. (√)
1)副詞already和yet
already一般用於肯定句中,yet一般用於否定句和疑問句中.
如：I』ve already slept for 12 hours but I』m still feeling tired.
我都睡了12個小時了可是我還是很累.
I haven』t finished working yet.
我還沒有完成工作.
Have you found your lost cat yet?
你找到你丟了的小貓了嗎?
2)ever和never
多用於否定或疑問句中,表示「曾經」或「從未」.
如：---Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經去過長城嗎?
---No, I haven』t. I have never been to the Great Wall. 沒有.我從未去過長城.
3)用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語,如：just, before, up to now, the past few years等.
如：I have just finished my paper. 我才寫完我的論文.
I』ve dream about that before. 我以前夢到過那個情景.
Up to now, he has got 3 gold medals in the Olympic Games.
到現在為止,他已經在奧運會中取得了三塊金牌.
He has been there three times the last few days.
近幾年他去過那裡三次了.
4)用包括「現在」在內的時間狀語,如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等.
如：---Have you met him today?
---No, I haven't.
---今天你見過他嗎?---沒有.
How many times have you been there this year?
今年你去過那裡多少次?
⑶ 初二英語語法點
第一個問題：
因為she、he、it都是第三人稱單數，所以在一般現在時中都要用dose作為助動詞，像其他的第一人稱單復數、第二人稱單復數以及第三人稱的復數形式的代詞都要用助動詞do。
第二個問題：
buy、spend、pay、cost和take都有「花費」的意思。區別在於：
buy sb sth=buy sth for sb給某人買某物，是這五個單詞中唯一一個可以跟雙賓語的
spend：sb spend some time/money on sth 某人花多少錢買某物/花多少時間多某事
sb spend some time （in）doing sth 某人花多少時間在某事上面，in可以省略
pay：sb pay some money for sth 某人為某物付多少錢
pay some money for sb 為某人付錢
pay back 還錢
pay off 還清
cost：主語一定是物，sth cost sb some money 某物花了某人多少錢
take：有一個固定句型：it take sb some time/money to do sth 做某事花了某人多少時間/多少錢
⑷ 初二英語語法總結
初二英語語法總結
1) leave的用法
1.「leave+地點」表示「離開某地」。例如：
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什麼時候離開上海的？
2.「leave for+地點」表示「動身去某地」。例如：
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五，愛麗斯要去倫敦了。
3.「leave+地點+for+地點」表示「離開某地去某地」。例如：
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你為什麼要離開上海去北京？
2) 情態動詞should「應該」學會使用
should作為情態動詞用，常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等，有「竟會」的意思，例如：
How should I know? 我怎麼知道？
Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什麼來得這么晚？
should有時表示應當做或發生的事，例如：
We should help each other.我們應當互相幫助。
我們在使用時要注意以下幾點：
1. 用於表示「應該」或「不應該」的概念。此時常指長輩教導或責備晚輩。例如：
You should be here with clean hands. 你應該把手洗干凈了再來。
2. 用於提出意見勸導別人。例如：
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感覺不舒服，你最好去看醫生。
3. 用於表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現的考點之一。例如：
We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她隨時都可能來。
3) What...? 與 Which...?
1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞，都可以指人或事物，但是what僅用來詢問職業。如：
What is your father? 你父親是干什麼的？
該句相當於：
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范圍內的某一個人。如：
---Which is Peter? 哪個是皮特？
---The boy behind Mary. 瑪麗背後的那個男孩。
2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物沒有范圍的限制；而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范圍的限制。如：
What color do you like best? （所有顏色）
你最喜愛什麼顏色？
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? （有特定的范圍）
你最喜愛哪一種顏色？
3. what 與 which 後都可以接單、復數名詞和不可數名詞。如：
Which pictures are from China?
哪些圖片來自中國？
4) 頻度副詞的位置
1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些：
always（總是，一直） usually（通常） often（常常，經常） sometimes（有時候） never（從不）
2.頻度副詞的位置：
a.放在連系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞後面。如：
David is often arrives late for school. 大衛上學經常遲到。
b.放在行為動詞前。如：
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我們每天經常在7：10去上學。
c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾，用來表示強調。如：
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike. 有時我步行回家，有時我騎自行車。
3.never放在句首時，主語、謂語動詞要倒裝。如：
Never have I been there.
5) every day 與 everyday
1. every day 作狀語，譯為「每一天」。如：
We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我們每天7：10去上學。
I decide to read English every day. 我決定每天讀英語。
2. everyday 作定語，譯為「日常的」。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚飯後在電視上看日常英語。
What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活動是什麼？
6) 什麼是助動詞
1.協助主要動詞構成謂語動詞片語的詞叫助動詞（Auxiliary Verb）。被協助的動詞稱作主要動詞（Main Verb）。
助動詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨使用，例如：
He doesn't like English. 他不喜歡英語。
（doesn't是助動詞，無詞義；like是主要動詞，有詞義）
2.助動詞協助主要動詞完成以下功用，可以用來：
a. 表示時態，例如：
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已結婚。
b. 表示語態，例如：
He was sent to England. 他被派往英國。
c. 構成疑問句，例如：
Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學生活嗎？
Did you study English before you came here?你來這兒之前學過英語嗎？
d. 與否定副詞not合用，構成否定句，例如：
I don't like him. 我不喜歡他。
e. 加強語氣，例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
3.最常用的助動詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do
1.forget to do 忘記要去做某事。 (未做)
forget doing 忘記做過某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關了。(沒有做關燈的動作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘記他已經關了燈了。 ( 已做過關燈的動作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
別忘了明天來。 (to come動作未做)
典型例題
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案：C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關燈的動作沒有發生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示燈已經關上了，而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。
2.remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school. 記著放學後去趟郵局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用於表示事物的特徵特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。
3.for 與of 的辨別方法：
用介詞後面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如：
You are nice. (通順，所以應用of)。
He is hard. (人是困難的，不通，因此應用for。)
9) 對兩個句子的提問
新目標英語在命題中有將對句子劃線提問這一題型取消的趨勢，現在採取的作法是對一個句子進行自由提問。例如：
句子：The boy in blue has three pens.
提問：1.Who has three pens?
2.Which boy has three pens?
3.What does the boy in blue have?
4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很顯然，學生多了更多的回答角度，也體現了考試的靈活性。再如：
句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提問：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such與不定冠詞的使用
1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用，結構為「so+形容詞+a/an+名詞」。如：
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用，結構為「such+a/an+形容詞+名詞」。如：
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況
1.在進行時態中。如：
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be結構中。如：
There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems結構中。如：
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介詞後面。如：
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball.
⑸ 八年級上學期的英語語法總結（全部）！
一、只能修飾可數名詞的詞語有:
many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如:
Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.
開張後的頭幾天,很多人去了那兒。
I have been there dozens of times.
我已去過那兒很多次了。
There』re a number of students reading English in the classroom.
教室里有許多學生在讀英語。
Many a student has(=many students have)visited the Great Wall.(謂語動詞用單數)
很多學生都游覽過長城。
In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow.
冬天很多動物在雪下冬眠。
注意: many所修飾的復數名詞前若有限定詞,many 後面要接of, 表示「……中的很多」。 例如:
A great many(of the) graates have found jobs.
畢業生中很多人已經找到了工作。
二、只能修飾不可數名詞的詞語有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如:
Is there much water in the bucket?
桶里有很多水嗎?
He always has a great amount of work to do.
他總是有很多工作要做。
三、既能修飾可數名詞又能修飾不可數名詞的詞語有:
a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三個詞語後謂語動詞的數依of 後的名詞的單復數而定),a great / large quantity of (其後謂語用單數),quantities of (其後謂語用復數)。例如:
There is still lots of snow in the garden.
花園里還有許多雪。
There is plenty of rain here.
這兒的雨水很多。
A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall.
大廳里放了很多鮮花。
There are large quantities of food in the cupboard.
櫥櫃里有許多食物。
在所有這些表示「很多」的詞語中many, much 是最常用的詞,它們既可以用於肯定句,也可以用於疑問句和否定句。例如:
Are there many people in the street?
街上有很多人嗎?
There isn』t much time left.
剩下的時間不多了。
其它的詞語都用於肯定句,日常會話中常用lots of, a lot of 或plenty of; 正式文體中常用 a great many, a (large) number of, a great deal of, scores of 或 dozens of 等。但若肯定句中有too, so, as, very或how 等詞修飾時,則必須使用 many, much。例如:
The number of the people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000.
無家可歸的人數多達250,000人。
There is too much work to do.
要做的工作太多了。
或者是這樣的，你自己看下，哪Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑問句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑問句的構成及用法：
結構：特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句， 即：特殊疑問詞+be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語+謂語/表語（+其他）
疑問代詞：
1) Who:誰。做主語，用來指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2）Whom 誰，做賓語，用來指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 誰的，用來指所屬關系，如果做定語，一般後接名詞 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪個，哪些，用來指對人或物在一定范圍之內進行選擇 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily』s?
5)What什麼，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在沒有指出范圍的情況下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑問副詞：
When:何時，詢問時間 When will she come back?
Where何地，詢問地點， Where do you come from?
Why為什麼，詢問原因， Why are you late for school?
How 如何，詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大，詢問年齡，How old is Jim』s little brother?
How many/much多少，詢問數量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多遠，詢問距離， How far is it form your home to school?
How long多長，多久，詢問時間的長度或距離 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多長時間按一次，詢問頻率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久，詢問時間 How soon will you come back?
頻率副詞：表示動作發生的頻率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What』s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 來描述身體不適 have/have got a +疾病名字；得了……病
2.情態動詞should,情態動詞should,can, may, must沒有人稱和時態的變化，後接動詞原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:現在進行時表將來 一般將來時
表示將要做某事或計劃打算做某事要用到句型「be+doing」其中be是助動詞，它有人稱和單復數的變化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是現在進行時的形式，但用於表示將來。用進行時表將來，常用於表示即將來臨的未來預定要做的事情，一般指個人計劃要做的事。用於此情況的動詞一般是表示位置轉移的動詞，如，go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一．肯定句中，結構為「be+doing.」
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二．否定句是在be之後加not. I』m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三．一般疑問句是將be置於句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I』m not./ We aren』t.
四．特殊疑問句「疑問詞+一般疑問句語序。」
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引導的特殊疑問句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It』s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑問句的簡略結構：how about…?+ 名詞或動詞-ing形式，用於提出建議、請求或徵求意見、詢問消息等。如：How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情態動詞can及邀請句式及其問答
情態動詞can的用法：
Can 是最長用的情態動詞，其後跟動詞原形，can的否定形式為cannot，can』t.
can表「能力」，意思是：能，會 I can paly basketball,but I can』t swim.
can表示能力時可和be able to 互換，be able to有更多的時態，常被用來表示can所 不能表示的將來或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示「可能性」，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允許，意思是可以能夠 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示「驚訝、不相信等（用於疑問句、否定句或感嘆句中」。意思是「會、可能。」
This can』t be true. Can it be true?
如何發出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請
表達邀請的常用句型：
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀請的常用句型：
Sure. Certainly. OK. I』d love to.
謝絕邀請的常用句型：
I』m sorry, I can』t. I have to…
I』m afraid I can』t. I have to…
I don』t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I』m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容詞的比較級
規則變化、不規則變化（課本P93）
than 是比較級中最常見的標志詞，意思是「比」。用於引出比較的對象。1.He draws better than me.2.You』re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容詞比較級前，有時可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等詞來修飾。Much 和far表示「……得多」,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示稍微，一些，一點。a little shorter, 稍微矮點；even表示「甚至，更加，還要……」even bigger還要大些，three times表示 「…三倍」，如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級，very,so,too, quite 修飾原級
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可數名詞與不可數名詞
一．可數名詞
英語中的物質名詞大體上可分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。可數名詞指物體的數量可數。其單數形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個，如a pear. 其負數形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es（特殊情況除外），如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二．不可數名詞
1.不可數名詞指物體的數量不可數。不可數名詞沒有單復數之分，也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數名詞的數量時可在不可數名詞前加相應的由量詞構成的短語。如a bag of… 2.常見的量詞短語有：
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可數名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數量：much much rain a little little
4.既可以修飾不可數名詞又可以修飾不可數名詞的詞有：
Lots of= a lot of許多，大量 some一些（用於肯定句）any一些（用於否定句和一般疑問句）
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般過去時：指在過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態，常和表示過去意義的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有時也可用when,after,before, as soon as引導的時間狀語從句。該時態在句中的體現是謂語動詞用過去式。謂語be動詞→was/were 否定：wasn』t /weren』t
Be動詞句型
一般疑問句：was/were +主語…
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+was/were+主語
陳述句：主語+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句：主語+wasn』t/weren』t+…
行為動詞句型（當句中的動詞為行為動詞時，要藉助動詞did構成一般疑問句和否定句）
肯定式：主語+動詞過去式
否定式：主語+didn』t+動詞原形
一般疑問句：Did +主語+動詞原形
特殊疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般過去時的特殊疑問句
一般過去時的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現在時一樣，不同之處在於須將be動詞或助動詞改為過去時態，即「特殊疑問詞+were或was(第三人稱單數)+主語+（表語）+其他成分」或「特殊疑問詞+助動詞did+主語+實義動詞+其他成分。」
以when引導的特殊疑問句，對某人的出生年月進行提問，句型是：
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +時間
When was David beckham born? 大衛.貝克漢姆是什麼時候出生的？He was born in 1975.
二．以how long 引導的特殊疑問句，對表示某一短時間的狀語進行提問。句型是：
How long did + 主語+動詞？
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三．When did he start hiccupping? 他什麼時候開始打嗝？When +did+主語+動詞？
Unit 10 I』m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般將來時
表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態，也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。
1. be going to + 動詞原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 動詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +動詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 o』clock.
5. be + about + 動詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情態動詞
情態動詞，表示說話者對某一動作的看法和態度，包括可能、懷疑、允許、願望、必要、猜測等。Can(能、會),may( 可以),must( 必須、一定)等。
情態動詞的特點：(1)情態動詞有一定詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，必須和另一個動詞原形一起構成謂語，且沒有人稱和數的變化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)變否定句時，直接在情態動詞後面加not,無需加助動詞。He can』t play the guitar well.
He can』t answer the question. You mustn』t be late.
(3)含有情態動詞的句子變一般疑問句時，須將情態動詞提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測，意為「能，會，可以。」can』t, 意為「不能，不會，不可以。」，還有「不可能」之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can』t. It can』t be true.
(5)can 也可表示請求與邀請
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What』s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容詞/副詞的最高級，用於三者或三者以上的人或事物之間的比較，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一個 「最……」見課本p93語法
the +最高級 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高級可被序數詞以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修飾。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容詞，excellent, extreme, prefect等沒有最高級也不能用比較級。He is an excellent teacher.
形容詞最高級間修飾做表語或介詞並與的名詞代詞是，被修飾的詞往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高級，A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序數詞+最高級 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高級+復數名詞 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.個完整你選擇哪個吧！
⑹ 初二英語語法總結
英語常用句型
1. 否定句型
1) 一般否定句
I don't know this. No news is good news.
There is no person (smoke)/not a person/not any person (smoke) in the house.
2)特指否定
He went to his office, not to see him.
I am sorry for not coming on time.
I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.
3)部分否定
All the answers are not right//All is not gold that glitters
I don't know all of them.//I can't see everybody/everything.
Both of them are not right.
4)全體否定
None of my friends smoke.//I can see nothing/nobody.
Neither of them is right.//Nothing can be so simple as this.
5) 延續否定
You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.
You don't know, I don't know either.
He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of (更不用說) French.
6) 半否定句
We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.
I know little English. I saw few people.
7) 雙重否定
You can't make something out of nothing.//What's done cannot be undone.
There is no sweet without sweat.//No gain without pains.
I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.
No man is so old but (that) he can learn.
8)排除否定
Everyone is ready except you.//He did nothing but play.
But for your help, I couldn't do it.
9)加強否定
I won't do it at all.//I can't see it any more.//He is no longer a boy.
2. 判斷句型
1) 一般判斷句
It is important for us to learn English.
It is kind of you to help me sincere means honest.
The boy is called/named Tom.
We regarded/consider it as an honor.
2)強調判斷
It is English that we should learn.//It is he who helped me a lot.
3)弱式判斷
Your sentence doesn't sound/look/appear/feel right.
You look/seem as if/as thought you had been there before.
Maybe/Perhaps/ she is ill.
He is probably ill.//He is likely ill. //It is possible that he is late
4) 注釋判斷
He can remember so many English words, that is (to say) he is a living dictionary.(活字典)
5) 正反判斷
That sounds all right, but in fact it is not.
6) 比較判斷
It is more a picture than a poem.
7) 互斥判斷
He or you are wrong. Either he is right or I am.
3. 祝願祁使句式
1) 一般句式
Study hard and keep fit. Be brave! Don't be shy! Get out of here.
2)強語式
Do tell me. Never tell a lie.
3) 委婉祈使句
Please tell me the true. Would/Will/Won't do me a favor?
Would/Do you mind my smoking? What/How/ about going on foot?
4)建議祈使句
Let us go. Let us know the time. Don't let the fire out.
Let's not waste the time. You'd better start early.
Shall we listen to some music? Why don't you get something to drink?
Suppose/supposing you pick me up at about six?
I suggest we (should) take the train.
5)祝願句
Success to you! //Wish you a good journey.
May you have a happy marriage. //Here's to your success!
Allow me to propose a toast to our friendship!
4. 感嘆句型
How well he speaks! //How kind she is! //What a nice weather it is!
Here he comes! //Such is life! //Wonderful! // Help!
5. 疑問句型
1) 一般疑問句
Is he a doctor?//Do you the way to the station?
2)反意疑問句
He is a teacher, isn't he?//It is quite cheap, don't you think?
3) 特殊疑問句
What is the distance/width/size/population/temperature/fare?
Who is he? What is he?(干什麼的)//What is he like? // How is he?
How do you like him? //What do you think of him?
What ever do you mean by saying this?
4)選擇疑問句
He is a doctor or a nurse?
5)間接疑問句
Do you know how old he is? //Tell me if (whether) you like it.
What do you think/say/suppose I should do?
6. 數詞句型
1) 表數目
It is exactly ten o'clock.//It is five miles away from here.
He is more than/over/ at least not less than 20.
He is under/at most/no more than 20.
2)表年月日
He was born on April 22 1994/in 1994 on the morning of Oct.1.
3)表年齡
He is 20 years old/years of age.//He is at the age of 10.
4)表倍數
It is four times that of last years.
This is four times as big (again) as that one.
This is four times bigger than that one.
The income is double what it was.
The output of coal was 200% greater than in 1998.
5)表計量
It is 10 meters long/wide/high.//It costs me 100 yuan.
I spent 10 hours to finish it.//It took me 10 days to finish it.
It is worth 100 yuan.
7. 關聯指代句型
1)兩項關連
I have two books, one is Chinese; the other English.
I have five books, one is Chinese; the others English.
To say is one thing, but/and/ to do is another.
One the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other hand, I am also you friend.
Some like to play football, others are fond of basketball.
2)先後順序
First/firstly, I wish good health, second/secondly success in your study, third/thirdly good luck in everything.
First stop, then look, finally cross.
At first/in the beginning/ he word hard. Later/Afterwards he is not so diligent.
3)修飾限制
This is the same book as I lost yesterday.
This is the same book that I lost yesterday.(同一本書)
Don't trust such a man as over praise you.
He/One/Those/They who should come failed to appear.
A man/A person/The one/Anyone/People who saw her liked her very much.
The day/time/moment will come when China is strongest in the world.
4) 兩項連接
He can speak not only English but also French.
The book is both interesting and instructive.
It is neither cold nor hot.
Please either come in or go out.
The old worker has experience and knowledge as well.
5)加和關系
Besides literature, we have grammar and writing.
Apart from oxygen, there are some other gases in the air.
In addition to "if", there is many other conjunctions that can introce conditional clauses.
I must go now, incidentally, if you want that book.
You seem to like tea, so do I.
8. 比較句型
1)等比句
He is as tall as I. // He is the same height as I.
She is no less diligent than he. The lab is no better than a cottage.
2) 差比句
I speak English worse than he does.//He is not so/as tall as I am.
Our knowledge is much inferior to their.
3) 極比句
He is the tallest of all in the class.
None/No one/ is so blind as those that won't see.
Nothing is so easy as this.
4)比例句
The more a man knows, the more he feels his ignorance(無知).
5) 擇比句
He is taller than any other boy in the class
It is better late than never.//They would die than live as slaves
He prefers doing to talking//He prefers to do rather than to talk.
He prefers mathematics to English.//I'd rather stay here.
6)對比句
You think me idle, but on the contrary, I am busy.
They are working hard while you are wasting your time.
9. 比喻句型
We must work like him.//He behaves as his father does.
He speaks English as if/though he was a foreigner.
10. 條件假設句
1) 一般事實
If we succeed, what will the people say?
Suppose it rains, what shall we do?
Persevere(堅持) and you'll succeed.
2)虛擬條件句
If I were you, I would go.//If you had seen it, you would have been moved.
3)反條件句
Unless you try, you'll never succeed.//Don't move, or/else/otherwise I'll shot.
4)唯一條件句
If only I have another chance, I shall do better.
Only in this way can we learn English well.
So/As long as we don't lose heart, we'll succeed.
5)推論條件句
Since that is so, there is no more to say.
Now that you are grown up, you must stop this behavior.
11. 時間句型
1)一般時
When I see him, I'll tell him.
2) 表同時
You'll grow wiser as you grow older.
Work while you work, play while you play.
He worked, at the same/in the meantime he listened to the music.
3)限制時
Every/each time when I went to his house, he was out.
By the time that we got there, he was out.
4)交替時
Sometimes he sings, sometimes he dances.
At one time the baby cries, at another it talks.
5)先時
I stopped hem before he began to talk with me.
6)後時
I'll tell you after I finish it.
7)緊接時
As soon as I see him, I'll tell him.
Once you begin, you must continue.
The (very) moment/instant (that) I saw him, I recognized him.
On hearing the news, she bust into tears.
Hardly had I seen the light, when I heard a loud thundering.
8)延續時
I haven't seen him since I came here.
A friend is never know till/until a man have need.
12. 地點句型
1) 一般地點
Where have you been?
Where there is a will, there is a way.
2)方位
Hebei lies in the east of China.
Japan is lies to the east of China.
The house faces (to) the south.
He is sitting at the front of the classroom
He is standing in front of/before me.
He is sitting at the back of/behind me.
He is sitting in the back of/at the rear of the classroom.
He is sitting next to/besides me.
He is sitting close to/near me.
At the top of/On top of the shelf, there are some books.
He is sitting on the left/right.
The mountain you see to the right is the Purple Mountain.
13. 原因句型
He didn't go to school because he was ill.
Since we are all here, let's begin our meeting.
It might rain yesterday, for the ground was wet.
Now (that) we have finished the work, we can go home.
I am glad to meet you.
I am sorry that I hear that.
Thank you for your help.
That is why he failed to come.
He didn't come because of/on account of the weather.
He went out of curiosity.
I succeeded thanks to his help.
This failure is e to the fact they lack experience.
Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled.
What are studying English for?
For what reason did you choose this?
What's the point of asking his to do that?
How come you never told me about it?
What with the wind and what with the rain, our walk was spoiled.
14. 目的句型
He stopped aside so that she could go in.
He sits in the front in order that he can see words clearly.
He gets up early so as to/in order to have time to do exercises.
He repeated it for fear that there should be any mistake.
15. 結果句型
It was very cold, so that the river froze.
They cost a lot of money, so/therefore we use them carefully.
He is such a good man that every one likes him.
He ran so fast that no one could catch him.
He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty.
I was caught in the rain. As a result, I had a bad cold.
16. 程度句型
How often do you write to your parents?
How long do you stay at home?
It is so beautiful that we all love it.
It is too big for you.
He is too excited to speak.
He is not old enough to know this.
The letter must be sent as soon as possible
You must work as hard as you can.
As far as I know, I can speak only English.
17. 讓步句型
Though/Although he is rich, (yet/still) he doesn't show off.
Yang as he is, he know a lot of things.
Even if/though he succeeded, he was not proud.
No matter what you say, I'll still try to do it.
Keep calm, whatever happens.
In spite of this, we must go ahead with our plans.
Regardless of all the difficulties, we'll fight it out to the end.
18. 轉折句型
I searched everywhere but could not find him.
You may go, only return quickly.
He is seriously ill, still there is hope of his recovery.
It looked like rain, however it was clear in the afternoon.
He is still young, yet he is high up in the position.
He didn't tell me the truth, I know it, though.
19. 省略句
I think/say/suppose/expect/believe/hope so.
Why not come earlier next time?
⑺ 初二英語語法重點是什麼
. 初二語法重點： 人稱代詞
主格： I we you she he it they
賓格： me us you her him it them
形容詞性物主代詞：my our your her his its their
名詞性物主代詞： mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容詞和副詞的比較級
(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞後+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音節詞前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 雙寫最後一個字母，再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y變i，再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不規則變化：
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可數詞的復數形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可數名詞(單復數形式不變)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 縮略形式
I』m = I am you』re = you are she』s = she is he』s = he is
it』s = it is who』s =who is can』t =can not isn』t=is not etc
6. a/an
a book, a peach
an egg an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示時間： at six o』clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day
in the evening in December in winter
8. 基數詞和序數詞
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9. Some /any
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 動詞
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
（3）一般疑問句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren』t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren』t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn』t.
11. there be 結構
肯定句： There is a …
There are …
一般疑問句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn』t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren』t.
否定句： There isn』t …. There aren』t….
12. 祈使句
Sit down please
Don』t sit down, please.
13. 現在進行時.通常用「now」.
形式： be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
動詞 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
14 一般現在時。通常用 「usually, often, every day, sometimes」。
形式：
肯定句：
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day
初二下學期要接觸到得語法點：1.過去進行時；
2.using adjectives;
3.直接引語改間接引語；
4.using although and though;
5.object clauses with that after know, think, believe, etc.
6.if 的從句
⑻ 初二英語語法知識點整理
中考重點句型
一、常使用動詞不定式的短語
1、It』s time to do sth.\ It』s time for sth
該作某事的時候了.
2、can』t wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事
3、ask /telle sb. (not ) to do sth.
要求/告訴某人(不)作某事
4、allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人作某事
5、be supposed to do sth. 應該作某事
6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事
7、have sth/nothing to do 有…時要做/與…無關
8、find it +adj. to do sth. 發覺作某事…
9、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
寧願作某事,而不願作某事
10、It』s +adj. for sb. to do sth.
作某事對某人來說…
11、It』s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事
12、It takes sb. sometime. to do sth.
某人做某事用了一些時間
二、常用動名詞的短語
1、 enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜歡做某事
2、 keep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth.
繼續做某事
3、feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
4、practise doing sth. 練習作某事
5、give up doing sth. 放棄作某事
6、be good at= do well in\on doing sth. 擅長作某事
7、pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事
8、what about/ how about doing sth.
….怎麼樣(好嗎)?
9、Thank you for doing sth. 為…感謝某人
10、mind doing sth. 介意作某事
11、be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 、
被用來作某事
12、spend …(in) doing sth. 花時間作某時
13、be busy doing/ with sth. 忙於作某事
14、finish doing sth. 作完某時
15、look forward to doing. 盼望做某事
16、prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜歡…勝過…
17、be/get used to doing sth. 習慣作某事
18、keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth.
阻止某人作某事
三、省略動詞不定式的短語
1、一看二聽三使役
see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do sth.
看見/聽見/感覺/注意某人作某事
make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/讓某人做某事
2、help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth.幫助某人作某事
3、 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事
4、 Why don』t you/ not do sth.為什麼不作某事
5、Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth.
請你(不)作某事好嗎?
四、 同義詞比較
1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事
eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest.
2、 forget / remember to do sth.
忘記/記得要去作某事
forget / remember doing sth.
忘記記得曾經做過某事
eg. Please remember to bring my book to school.
I remember doing my homework
3、 used to do sth. 過去常常作某事
be used to do sth. 被用來作某事
be used to doing sth. 習慣於作某事
eg. My father used to smoke.
Wood is used to make paper.
I am used to getting up early.
4、So +be/助動詞/情態動詞 + 主語
…也一樣
So +主語+be/助動詞/ 情態動詞
是呀,表示贊同別人的觀點
Neither + be /助動詞/ 情態動詞+主語
…也不一樣（用於否定句）
eg. He has been to Beijing. So have I.
It』s a fine day. So it is.
She doesn』t like eggs. Neither do I.
5、 too…to do sth. 太…而不能…
so +adj. /adv + that(從句) 如此…以致…
such +（a/an +adj.）+n.+ that(從句)
如此…以致…
(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth.
(對某人來說)做某事(不)夠
eg. The boy is too young to go to school.
The boy is so young that he can』t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can』t go to school.
The boy is not old enough to go to school.
五、常考知識點
1、keep +adj. 保持…狀態
keep (sb.) doing sth.
繼續做某事/使某人老是做某事
eg. Everyone should keep our classroom clean.
It』s too late, but he still keeps working.
Lily always keeps us waiting for her.
2、make+ sb. + n. 使某人成為
make + sb. + adj. 使某人…
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
Sb. be made to sth. 某人被迫做某事
eg. We made Peter our monitor.
Books make us happy.
He often makes me laugh.
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
3、I don』t think that 我認為…不
eg. I don』t think you are right.
4、It』s /was/has been+ some time +since+一般過去時… 自從…以來有多久了
eg. It has been two years since we met last time.
6、 What do you mean by?=What does .. mean?=what is the meaning of...?
是什麼意思?
eg. What do you mean by 「computer」?=What does 「computer」 mean?=what is the meaning of "computer"?
7、 What do you think of…/How do you like …?
你認為…怎麼樣?
eg. What do you think of this film /How do you like this film?
8、 What is/was/will …be like? ..怎麼樣?
eg. What is the weather like?
What will the life in the future be like?
9、 It』s said/ reported that… 據說/據報道
It's well known that 眾所周知
It's thought that 大家認為
eg. It』s said that the population of the word would be 6 billion in 2050.
10、one of the +形容詞最高級+名詞復數
…其中之一
eg. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
11、neither…nor… 既不…也不（兩者都不）
either…or…要麼…要麼/或者…或者/不是…就是
not only…but also… 不但…而且
以上三個詞做主語時,要用就近原則
eg. Neither you nor he has been to the USA.
Either he or you go to the park.
Not only my mother but also my father is a teacher.
neither of 兩者都不
either of 兩者選一
none of 沒有一個
以上三個做主語時，謂語動詞用單數
All of 全部 Both of 兩者都
以上二個做主語時，謂語動詞用復數
12、比較級+ than +any other +名詞單數
…比其餘任何一個…
比較級+ than + the other+名詞復數
eg. Shanghai is bigger than any other city=shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.
13、When（當…的時候）, if （如果）, as soon as（一…就）, until（直到…才）, unless（除非/如果…不）這幾個詞引導的時間或條件狀語從句時,主句要用一般將來時.
從句一般現在時
eg. I will call you when he comes.
If it doesn』t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic.
As soon as I get to Beijing, I』ll come to see you.
He won』t go to bed until his parents come back.
Unless you work hard, you won』t catch up with others.
⑼ 初二下學期英語語法重點
新課標8年級下英語語法重點
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
重點語法：一般將來時態的應用
Unit 2 What should I do?
重點語法：過去將來時態（將來時態的委婉說法）
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
重點語法：過去進行時態
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
重點語法：賓語從句
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!
重點語法：if 引導的條件狀語從句
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
重點語法：現在完成進行時態
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
重點語法：mind [one's] doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事
Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?
重點語法：詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement?
重點語法：現在完成時態
Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it?
重點語法：反意疑問句