前言英語

『壹』 英文前言翻譯

翻譯： 英語 » 中文
Chlorocholine chloride (2-chloroethyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride,CCC) is an anti-gibberellin growth retardant,its mechanism is based on the restraint of the gibberellin biosynthesis in plant tissues.It is well known that CCC inces changes in the growth rate of grasses and the morphogenesis of potato plants cultured in vitro (Aphalo et al.,1997;Bandara et al.,1998;Luoranen et al.,2002). Attention has been paid in recent years to chlorocholine chloride (CCC) used widely in agricultural instry,especially increase potato tuber yield and quality, prevent wheat lodge and cotton growth like mad (Cao et al.,1997; Yamamoto and Nakata,1997;Caldiz et al.,1998).However the effects improved potato yield by CCC are not incarnated adequately.
Many researchers have studied the effects of CCC on the different aspects of photosynthesis of potato,such as carbohydrate composition and activities of sucrose metabolising enzymes (Sharma et al.,1998; Sharma et al.,1998; Liu,et al.,2005).Leaves of high-yielding potato usually have high chlorophyll content and higher net photosynthetic rate and longer functional leaf period (Dyson et al.,1965;Geigenberger et al.,2004).CCC was found to decrease the growth of stems,leaves and stolons,but promotes tuberisation in potato (Kumar and Wareing,1974;Menzel,1980;Nemchenko et al.,1981; Hussain et al.,2006.).CCC also promote tuberisation in potato plants growing under non-incing long day conditions and completely reversed the inhibitory effect of high temperature on tuber proction (Pruski et al.,2001;Tekalign and Hammmes,2004).CCC treatment effectively increased tuber yield under different salinity levels (Silva et al.,2001).These effects of CCC were suggested to be the modification of the carbohydrate metabolism and the relation between source and sink of plants (Deng and Prange,1988).But the effects of CCC on photosynthesis of potato leaf and its photosynthetic proctivity were poorly understood (Jansen et al.,2001;Navrátil et al.,2007).Yet very few attention focused on the effects of CCC on transport and distribution of photoassimilates in potato.Therefore,it is important to study the effects of foliar spray of CCC on the photosynthetic characteristics of potato leaves, transport and distribution of 14C -photoassimilates in potato such as 14C-soluble sugar and 14C-starch with 14CO2 isotopic tracer technique.To our knowledge,these effects have not been systemically studied.
The goals of this study were 1) to study the effects of CCC on photosynthetic characteristics,2) to compare the photosynthatic capacity,especially transport and distribution of 14C -photoassimilates in potato such as 14C-soluble sugar and 14C-starch after treatments with CCC in potato plants, 3) to discuss the relationship between source and sink regulated by CCC, and 4) to provide a theoretical basis for CCC application in the high-yield and good-quality cultivation of potato.
翻譯:

矮壯素（ 2 - chloroethyltrimethyl氯化銨， CCC認證）是一種反赤黴素增長阻燃劑，其作用機制是基於約束的赤黴素合成的植物tissues.it是人所共知的中華基督教會誘導的變化，增長率草形態發生馬鈴薯植物細胞體外培養（ aphalo等人， 1997年; bandara等人， 1998年; luoranen等人， 2002年） 。注重在近年來矮壯素（ CCC ）的廣泛使用在農業產業化，特別是增加馬鈴薯塊莖產量和品質，防止小麥投訴和棉花生長的瘋狂（曹等人， 1997年;山和中田英壽， 1997年; caldiz等人， 1998年） ，但效果改善，馬鈴薯產量由中華基督教會都沒有充分體現。
許多學者研究的影響， CCC對不同方面的光合作用，馬鈴薯等碳水化合物的組成和活動metabolising蔗糖酶（夏爾馬等人， 1998年;夏爾馬等人， 1998年，劉等人， 2005年） 。葉片的高產優質馬鈴薯通常有高葉綠素含量和較高的凈光合速率和較長的葉片功能期（戴森等人， 1965年;蓋根貝格爾等人， 2004年） 。中華基督教會被發現，以減少增長，莖，葉和匍匐莖，但促進tuberisation在馬鈴薯（ Kumar和wareing ， 1974年;門澤爾， 1980年; nemchenko等人， 1981年;海珊等人， 2006年） 。 CCC認證，也促進tuberisation在馬鈴薯植物生長的非誘導漫長的一天的條件和完全扭轉了抑製作用高溫對塊莖生產（ pruski等人， 2001年; tekalign和hammmes ， 2004年） 。 CCC認證治療有效地提高了塊莖產量下，不同鹽度的水平（席爾瓦等人， 2001年） 。這些影響的中華基督教會被建議要修改的碳水化合物代謝及關系的源和匯的植物（鄧小平和prange ， 1988年） ，但影響CCC對光合作用的馬鈴薯葉片及其光合生產力的了解甚少（揚森等人， 2001年; navrátil等人， 2007年） ，但很少注意力集中在影響CCC對運輸和分配photoassimilates在potato.therefore ，這是很重要的影響進行研究葉面噴施的CCC對光合特性的馬鈴薯葉片，運輸和分配為14 C - photoassimilates在馬鈴薯等14碳-可溶性糖和1 4C -澱粉與1 4co2同位素示蹤t echnique.to據我們所知，這些影響尚未系統研究。
的目標，本研究1 ）的影響進行研究CCC對光合特性， 2 ）比較photosynthatic能力，尤其是運輸和分配為14 C - photoassimilates在馬鈴薯等14碳-可溶性糖和1 4C澱粉後的治療與中華基督教會在馬鈴薯植物， 3 ）討論之間的關系，源和匯規管的CCC認證，和4 ）提供了理論依據CCC認證應用在高產量和良好的優質栽培馬鈴薯。

『貳』 英文目錄裡面的 前言（序言）怎麼說。

序言的英文：
preface ['prefis] n. (書籍、演講等的)序言，前言，緒言，引語，開場白
introction [,intrə'dʌkʃən] n. 前言，引言，序言；導論；(音樂的)序曲
foreword ['fɔ:wə:d] n. (文章、雜志等的)序，序言，序文，前言，緒言，同近義詞: introction; perface

英文preface、foreword都含「書的正式篇章開始之前的一段文字」的意思。
preface 指「由書的作者或他人為該書寫的序言或序文，它是與本書分開的一部分，用來解釋寫書的目的、重要性等，篇幅一般比foreward長」。 如:
This book has a preface written by the author.
這本書有作者寫的序言。
foreword 指「書的簡短的序文」, 如:
That book has a preface, not a foreword.
那本書有序文, 沒有前言。

參考例句：
1. The preface to this book is on the preceding page
前邊一頁是這本書的序言。
2. To preface a Book By a life of the writer
以作者的生平作為一本書的序言
3. In her preface she pours out vials of wrath on her detractors.
在序言里她對她的誹謗者表示憤慨。
4. This Book has a preface written By the author.
這本書有作者寫的序言。
5. This foreword of the book is writed by a famouse writer .
這本書的序言是由一個著名作家寫的。
6. The preface is complete in itself.
這前言本身就是完整的。
7. The accident was the preface to a great scientific discovery.
這一偶然事件成了一項重大科學發現的開端。
8. Can you please preface my book?
你能給我這本書作序嗎？
9. The preface of the book includes an account of the author's life.
該書前言記述了作者生平。
10. Jame's prefaces are always important .

詹姆斯小說的前言總是重要的。
11. The introction explains how the chapters are organized .
前言部分說明各章的怎樣組織。
12. In his preface hawthorne seeks to explain the attraction that italy has for the writers of romances .
霍桑在前言中試圖闡明義大利對傳奇作家的吸引力。

『叄』 前言、結束語的英文

常見的表達

前言 Preface; Introction

結束語 Conclusions; Concluding Remarks

我覺得分別用Introction和Conclusions就夠了

『肆』 序言用英語怎麼說

preliminary remarks

【希望幫助到你，若有疑問，可以追問~~~
祝你學習進步，更上一層樓！(*^__^*)】

『伍』 前言用英語怎麼說

如果是書的前言，可以用preface 或introction

『陸』 教材前言翻譯為英語（急！！！請三天內）

This book is the basis of teaching practice in the long term, the reference to a large number of domestic and foreign literature, textbooks, monographs, literature and research results to absorb one more to complete. This book chapters can be divided into three parts. The first part, both the basic concepts of the first chapter, which is based on the book, to be used in subsequent chapters, full attention should be. The second section includes the second and third chapters, describes the group with a theory of algebraic operations. The second chapter describes the group's most basic knowledge; the third chapter, further information on the normal subgroup and finite group, and the group associated with them the most basic of the most important theorems. The third part includes the fourth, fifth and sixth chapters, describes the ring with two algebraic operations with the domain theory. The fourth chapter describes the basics of ring; book courtesy of mathematicians, Chinese Academy of Sciences million Zhexian researchers and mathematicians in China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Professor Wang Zikun recommended publication, and courtesy of our mathematicians, Beijing Normal University PhD supervisor Professor Liu Shaoxue writing preface, the authors sincerely express their most sincere thanks!

『柒』 前言英文單詞怎麼讀

preface 英[ˈprefəs] 美[ˈprefəs]
n. 序言，引語; 開端，前奏; [宗] （彌撒的） 序誦，序禱;
vi. 作序; 作為…的序言，作為…的開端; 給…作序; 開始，導致;
[例句]I will preface what I am going to say with a few lines from Shakespeare
進入正題之前，我先引用莎士比亞的幾句詩作為開場白。
[其他] 第三人稱單數：prefaces 復數：prefaces 現在分詞：prefacing過去式：prefaced

『捌』 前言 英語怎麼說

1. preface
2. introction
3. forward

introction比較常見吧