七年級上冊英語復習
Ⅰ 七年級英語上冊知識點總結
初一英語上學期期中復習
【學習目標】
一、語音知識
※1.
※2. 單詞重讀
'dinner 'kitchen 'shower 'people for'get pi'ano de'licious re'view
二、詞彙
※ 1. 1-6單元黑體字單詞
※ 2. 片語
what about=how about …怎麼樣(認為如何)
fall asleep=be asleep 入睡
eat up 吃光
go to bed 上床睡覺
watch TV 看電視
only child 獨生子、獨生女
wash the dishes 洗盤子
at school/home/work 在學校 / 家 / 工作
go up 起床
live with sb. 和某人住在一起
三、日常用語
§1. What's your name?
My name is Mike.
§2. Are you happy?
Yes, I am./No, I'm not.
§3. What's your favorite subject?
My favorite subject is English.
§4. Do you like sports?
Yes, I do./No, I don't.
四、語法
§1. 詞類:名詞、冠詞、形容詞、副詞
§2. 比較等級
【知識講解】
※1. 名詞
①表示人或事物的名稱,如 boy, clock, book, tree。
總的說來,名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類。
專有名詞是個別的人、事物、地點等專有的名稱,如: Jim, China
專有名詞的第一個字母要大寫,如:Beijing, New York
②名詞按其所表示的事物的性質分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。
可數名詞:可以用數目計算,有單數和復數兩種形式,如:an apple, two apples, a car, some cars
不可數名詞:一般無法用數目計算,沒有復數形式,且不用不定冠詞a/an修飾,如:water, milk, meat, tea, bread, rice
③單數名詞變復數名詞的規則如下表:
註:①少數名詞的復數是不規則的,如: man→men woman→women child→children
②表示民族的名詞,有的在詞尾加 s ,如: an American→three Americans
③有的單、復數形式相同,如: a Chinese→four Chinese a sheep→three sheep a deer→five deer
※2. 冠詞
冠詞是一種虛詞,不能單獨使用,只能和一個名詞一起使用,並幫助說明此名詞。冠詞有兩類,即定冠詞the 和不定冠詞a/an。
①不定冠詞 常表示「一」的概念,有兩種形式:a和an。a用在輔音音素開頭的單數可數名詞前,如:a book, a pen;an用在母音音素開頭的名詞前,如:an apple,an orange,an egg。
②定冠詞the 常表示「這個」「那個」「這些」「那些」的概念,the在母音音素前讀,在輔音音素前讀 ,如:the moon, the evening。
eg. ①-Do you have an English book?
-Yes, but the English book is broken.
② There is a chicken in the picture.
③ We can't see the sun at night.
④ The Browns are going to the park this Sunday.
⑤ Shanghai is in the east of China.
※3. 形容詞
用來修飾名詞,表示人或事物的特徵,在句中可以作定語、表語、賓語補足語。
如: It's a sunny day today. Let's go to the park.
This book is good.
It's very nice of you to help us.
常見形容詞的同義詞與近義詞:
large→big 大的
glad→happy/pleased 高興的
clever→bright 聰明的
ill→sick 病的
fine→well 好的
常見形容詞的反義詞和對應詞:
bad(壞的)→good(好的)
big(大的)→small(小的)
busy(忙的)→ free(空閑的)
dry(乾的)→wet(濕的)
same(相同的)→different(不同的)
empty(空的)→full(滿的)
cold(寒冷的)→hot(熱的)
open(開著的)→closed(關閉的)
poor(窮的)→rich(富的)
※4. 副詞
用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句,在句中作狀語或表語。
eg. Now he is back in New York again.
現在他又回到了紐約。
Mike is a good student. He often does his homework carefully.
副詞一般分為七大類:
①時間副詞: now, often, then, early, ago, before
②地點副詞: here, there, out, above, up, down
③方式副詞: hard, well, badly, fast, slowly
④程度副詞: very, much, still, almost, too, so
⑤疑問副詞: how, when, why, where
⑥關系副詞: when, where, why
⑦連接副詞: now, where, why
often 等表示「頻率」的時間副詞,總被放在句子中間,又稱「中置副詞」。這類副詞有 always(總是)、 usually(通常)、sometimes(有時)、ever(曾經)、never(從不)等。
「中置」規律:
①放在單個的 be 動詞之後;
②放在單個實義動詞之前;
③謂語動詞為多個詞時,放在第一個助動詞或情態動詞之後。
如: You are always late for school. 你總是上學遲到。
I usually go to school by bike.
I never see that book.
He often helps other students.
He goes to work on foot sometimes.
※5. 比較等級
在進行比較的時候,形容詞和副詞有原級、比較級和最高級三種形式。
規則形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級加 -er或-est。
(1)不規則變化的形容詞和副詞如下:
→better→best
→wors →worst
(許多)many/much→more→most
(幾乎沒有)little→less→least
(遠的)far→farther→farthest
(老的,舊的)old
(2)三種句型
① 原級句型:
as+形容詞/副詞+as,表示「和…一樣」;否定句式:not as/so +形容詞/副詞+as,表示「和…不一樣」。
eg. I think Kate does just as well as Ann.
If you like the chicken, you may have as much as you can.
I don't like the film. It's not so interesting as that one.
② 比較級句型:
a. 主語+謂語+比較級+than+其它,表示「較…一些」。
eg. This city is more beautiful than that one.
It is hotter today than yesterday.
He is a much nicer worker.
b. 比較級+and+比較級,more and more+原級,表示「越來越…」,說明本身程度的改變。
eg. The world's population is growing faster and faster.
世界人口增長得越來越快。
more and more beautiful
越來越漂亮
c. the+比較級, the+比較級,表示「越…就越…」,說明隨著前邊條件的變化,後邊的結果也發生變化。
eg. The more she eats, the fatter she'll be. 她吃得越多就會越胖。
The more, the better. 越多越好。
③ 最高級句型:
主語+謂語+(the)形容詞或副詞的最高級+in/of
註:最高級前一般要用the,如: He is the most careful student.
但在副詞最高級前the可以省去,如:He writes(the)most carefully in his class.
This kind of cake is the most delicious.
I like English best.
Mike is the youngest in his class.
He runs fastest.
初一英語上冊專題重點動詞
一、be動詞
1. 根據人稱的不同,be動詞有三種基本形式,分別為am,is和are。am用於單數第一人稱(I);is用於單數第三人稱(he,she,it);are用於第二人稱和復數第一,二,三人稱(we,you,they)。
例:I am fifteen years old.
我十五歲了。
You are my friend forever.
你永遠是我的朋友。
He is a hard-working student.
他是一個刻苦努力的學生。
The students are reading books in the classroom.
學生們都在教室里讀書。
2. be動詞的否定形式直接在後面加not.
I am not fifteen years old.
He is not a hard-working student.
The students are not reading books in the classroom.
3. 把be動詞的肯定句變成疑問則要直接把動詞be提到句首,變型如下:
Are you fifteen years old?
Is he a hard-working student?
Are the students reading books in the classroom?
二. 行為動詞
1. match v. 相稱;匹配
● match. . . with. . .
e. g. Match the words with the pictures,please.
請把單詞和圖畫相搭配。
2. practise v. 練習
●practise doing sth. 練習做。。。
e. g. He practices speaking English every day.
他每天都練習讀英語。
3. welcome v. 歡迎.
● welcome sb. to sp.
e. g. Please welcome Betty and Tony to our school.
歡迎貝蒂和托尼來我們學校。
4. invite v. 邀請
● invite sb. to do sth.
e.g. Tom invites me to go to the concert with him on Saturday.
湯姆邀請我跟他周六一起去參加音樂會。
● invite sb. to sp.
e. g. Daming invites Tony to the cinema.
大明邀請托尼去看電影。
● invitation(n. )
send an invitation to sb. 對某人發出邀請
5. ask v. 請求
● ask sb. to do sth.
e. g. Tony asks Daming to go to a basketball match.
托尼叫大明一起去看籃球賽。
6. have v. 有
● have lessons上課
● have a rest 休息
● have a look at sth. 看看...
● have dinner 吃飯
● have a good time 玩的開心
● have a break 課間休息
● have a party 舉辦聚會
e. g. We have three lessons in the morning.
我們早上有三節課。
At eleven o'clock,we have a break and I talk with my friends.
11點我們課間休息,我和我的朋友們聊天。
In the evening,we watch TV and have dinner. I do my homework and go to bed at ten o'clock.
晚上,我們看電視並且吃晚飯。我做作業然後十點上床睡覺。
7. send v. 發送
● send sb sth(send sth. to sb. )
e. g. We usually send him a birthday card.
我們經常送給他一張生日卡片。
8. make v. 製作。
● make sth. for sb.
e. g. And we often make a cake for his birthday.
我們經常為他的生日做一個生日蛋糕。
● make travel plans on the Internet
e. g. Do you often make travel plans on the Internet?
你們經常在網上制定旅遊計劃么?
● make a trip to the zoo
e. g. Let's make a trip to the zoo.
讓我們一起去動物園吧。
9. like v. 喜歡
● like doing sth.
e. g. Daming's uncle likes reading and he reads a lot of books.
大明的叔叔喜歡閱讀,並且他經常讀很多書。
● would like sth/to do sth.
e. g. Would you like to go to the cinema with Betty and me?
你願意跟我和貝蒂一起去電影院么?
Would you like some tea?
你想來點茶葉么?
10. talk v. 談話
● talk to (with) sb.
e. g. I often talk to my friends on the phone.
我經常跟我的朋友打電話。
● talk about sth.
e. g. I often talk about our favorite singers with my best friends after school.
我經常在課後跟我最要好的朋友們談論我們喜歡的歌星。
11. stay v. 停留
● stay at home
e. g. Let's stay at home and watch TV.
讓我們留在家裡看電視。
● stay healthy
e. g. Mr. and Mrs. Brown do lots of sports and stay healthy.
布朗先生和布朗太太做很多運動,保持健康。
12. visit v. 參觀
● visit sb/sp.
e. g. Welcome to Beijing Zoo. Sixteen thousand people visit it every year.
歡迎來到北京動物園。每年有16000人在此參觀。
三. 情態動詞can
情態動詞特點:
1)後面加動詞原型。
2)否定句和疑問句不需要藉助助動詞構成。
e. g. I can play basketball. Can you?
我會打籃球,你會么?
That can't be our teacher:our teacher is in her office right now.
那不會是我們老師,我們的老師現在正在辦公室呢。
動詞練習
一. 用適當的介詞填空。
1. Can you match the words _______ the pictures?
2. Let's welcome the foreign friends _______ our country.
3. I want to invite my sister ______ my home.
4. Let's have a party and I will send lots of invitations __ my friends.
5. Can I have a look ___________ your new watch?
6. It's Father's Day tomorrow, and I will send a present _____ my father.
7. Can you make a cake _____ me?
8. My parents always buy a birthday cake _____ me ____ my birthday.
9. She usually buys CD _____ her favorite singers.
10. I often talk __ my mother on the phone.
11. Let's stay _____ home and watch TV.
12. I usually download music _____ the Internet.
13. I am a writer and I write my novels _______ my computers.
14. I listen _____ music every day.
15. The polar bear comes ______ the Arctic.
16. He often writes _____ his friends.
17. Every day I often talk_____ my parents_____ the interesting things in school.
18. On my birthday, I get lots of presents _____ my family and friends.
19. Who switch______ the lights? It's so dark in the room, let me switch them
二、用所給動詞適當形式填空。
1. Daming ________ (be) in Class Two.
2. Lingling and Daming _____ (be) good friends.
3. Lingling with Daming _____ (be) at school now.
4. He can ____ (speak) English.
5. We can _____ (play) basketball and ______ (swim).
6. Tony _____ (ride) a bike to school every day.
7. Lucy and Lily sometimes _____ (do) their homework at school.
8. I want _____ (invite) Lily ____ (see)a film with me after class.
9. I ask my mother _____ (choose) a book for me.
10. What about _____ ( have ) a birthday party?
11. He likes ________ (play) computer games and __ (play) cards at weekends.
12. Let Lingling ______ (watch) TV with me, please.
13. How about______ (go) swimming on Sunday?
14. I would like _____ (have) dinner with you tomorrow.
15. Let's go and ______ (see) a panda.
三、時態填空。
1. We often _______ (play) in the playground.
2. He _____ (get) up at six o'clock.
3. _____ you _____ (brush) your teeth every morning.
4. What ________ (do) he usually______ (do) after school?
5. Danny _____ (study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.
6. Mike sometimes _____ (go) to the park with his sister.
7. At eight at night, she _____ (watch) TV with his parents.
8. _____ Mike ______ (read) English every day?
9. How many lessons ____ your classmate _____ (have) on Monday?
10. What time _____ his mother _____ (do) the housework?
四. 按要求修改句子。
1. Do you often play basketball after school? (肯定回答)
2. I have a lot of books. (改為否定句)
3. Betty's mother likes playing table tennis. (改為否定句)
4. She lives in a town near New York. (改為一般疑問句)
5. I watch TV every day. (改為一般疑問句)
6. Tom has got a goal. (改為一般疑問句)
7. We have Chinese lessons in the afternoon. (否定句)
8. Nancy doesn't run fast. (肯定句)
9. My dog runs fast.
否定句
10. Mike has two letters for him.
一般疑問句:
否定句:
練習參考答案:
一、用適當的介詞填空。
1. with
2. to
3. to
4. to
5. at
6. to
7. for
8. for, on
9. by
10. to(with)
ll. at
12. on
13. on
14. to
15. from
16. to
17. with, about
18. from
19. off, on
二、用所給動詞適當形式填空
1. is
2. are
3. is
4. speak
5. play, swim
6. rides
7. do
8. to invite, to see
9. to choose
10. having
11. playing, playing
12. watch
13. going
14. to have
15. see
三、時態填空
1. play
2. gets
3. Do, brush
4. does do
5. studies
6. goes
7. watches
8. Does, read
9. do, have
10. does, do
四、按要求修改句子
1. Yes, we do.
2. I don't have a lot of books.
3. Betty's mother doesn't like playing table tennis.
4. Does she live in a town near New York?
5. Do you watch TV every day?
6. Has Tom got a goal?
7. We don't have Chinese lessons in the afternoon.
8. Nancy runs fast.
9. My dog doesn't run fast.
Does my dog run fast?
10. Does Mike have two letters for him?
Mike doesn't have two letters for him.
Ⅱ 初中英語七年級上冊(人教版)知識點歸納
其實七年級的也算是很基礎的,小學時候基本都學過了,差不多像是復習和鞏固吧,內容還是比較簡單的,現在我總結一下大致內容吧:
一、48個國際音標及26個英文字母的正確書寫
要熟練掌握母音和輔音,5個母音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正確占格及單詞間距.
二、be動詞的用法
be動詞有三種變形,分別是:am, is, are.記憶口訣:
「我」用am, 「你」用are, is用於「他、她、它」;單數全都用is,復數全部都用are.
三、人稱及人稱代詞的不同形式(主格和賓格)
1、三種人稱:第一人稱(I, we),第二人稱(you, you),第三人稱(he, she, it, Maria).
2、人稱代詞的主格,即人稱代詞位於句子主語位置時的形態:I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria.
3、人稱代詞的賓格,即人稱代詞位於句子賓語位置時的形態:me, us, you, you, him, her, it.
4、形容詞性物主代詞:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their.
5、名詞性物主代詞:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs.
6、反身代詞:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
四、基數詞(表示數量多少的詞,大致相當於代數里的自然數)
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one.
五、一般疑問句及特殊疑問句
1、一般疑問句:能用Yes或No來回答的問句.一般疑問句句尾讀升調.
2、特殊疑問句:不能用Yes或No來回答的問句.特殊疑問句句尾讀降調.
六、可數名詞變復數
可數名詞變復數時,有規則變化和不規則變化兩種.
1、規則變化:
1)一般情況直接在詞尾加「-s 」,如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;
2)以s, x, sh, ch結尾的詞,要在詞尾加「-es 」,如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;
3)以輔音字母加y結尾的詞,變y為i再加「-es 」,如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;
4)部分以f (e)結尾的詞,變f (e)為「ves 」,如:knife-knives, half-halves等;
5)以o結尾的詞,加「-s 」或「-es 」,如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等.記憶口訣:除了「英雄」hero外,凡是能吃的,加「-es 」,不能吃的加「-s 」.
2、不規則變化:
1)改變單數名詞中的母音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;
2)單、復同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;
3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等.
七、簡單句的成分及主謂一致原則
最基本構成:主語+謂語+賓語,其中謂語由動詞來充當.
主謂一致原則,就是句子的謂語要始終與主語保持數量上的一致性.當主語是第三人稱單數(簡稱「三單」)時,謂語動詞也要相應變成單數形式;當主語非「三單」時,謂語動詞就用原形.實意動詞變「三單」的規則如下:
1)一般動詞在詞尾加「-s 」,如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;
2)以字母s, x,ch, sh結尾的動詞加「-es 」,如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;
3)以o結尾的動詞一般加「-es 」,如:do-does, go-goes等;
4)以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞,先變y為i,再加「-而是」,如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;
5)have的三單形式是has.
八、冠詞的用法(名詞前面必須要有冠詞)
冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a, an)兩種.
1、定冠詞the表示「特指」,可譯為「這個」、「那個」、「這些」、「那些」.
2、不定冠詞a, an用來表明(可數)名詞的數量是「一個」.an用於以母音開頭(注意不是以母音字母開頭)的單詞前,a則英語非母音開頭的單詞前.
3、不定冠詞a, an與基數詞one的區別是:不定冠詞不是刻意強調「數量」,而基數詞則強調「數量」.
九、助動詞(do, does )的用法
只有實意動詞作謂語時才涉及使用助動詞.以like為例:
1)當句子為肯定句時不涉及使用助動詞,只涉及「主謂一致」原則.
eg : I like English a lot.
Michael likes Chinese food very much.
2)當句子為否定句時,要根據主語的人稱來決定使用相應的助動詞:當主語為「三單」時,要使用does;當主語為「非三單」時,用助動詞原形do.例如把下列句子變否定句:
Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.
They like sports.------They don't like sports.
3)當句子變疑問句時,同樣要根據句子的主語來決定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子變問句:
Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
十、名詞所有格
1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;
2、用of表示「.的」,但要從of後往of前翻譯:a book of mine(我的一本書)
3、have與of的區別:
have一般表示「主動擁有」,往往用於有生命的人或動物;無生命的物體一般不能「主動擁有」,表示所屬關系時要用of.例如:
I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.
a door of the house
十一、課本中的知識點
1、Unit 1 ——Unit 2
1)問候語:
Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.
Hi! Hello!
How do you do?
2)道別用語:
Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用於初次見面,see用於熟人間)
Nice to meet/ see you, too.
Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!
3)介紹人或者物的句型:This is...
4)Excuse me.與I'm sorry.的區別:
Excuse me.是要引起對方的注意,而I'm sorry.則是向對方道歉.
5)片語be from = come from
in English
5)當問句中問到this/ that時,回答要用it;問到these/ those時,要用they來回答. 例如: What's this in English?----It's an eraser.
What are those?----They are books.
6)對Thanks.的回答:That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.
7)look the same = have the same looks
give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
be like = look like
in the tree/ on the tree (樹上結的、長出來的用on,否則用in)
in red(穿著紅色的衣服)
in the desk(在空間范圍之內)
in English(用英語)
help sb. do sth.
8)both與all的區別:
both表示「兩者都.」;all表示「三者及以上都.」.
2、Unit 3——Unit 4
1)speak的用法
speak與say不同:speak表示「說」的動作,不表示「說」的內容;say則表示「說」的內容.
speak後面除了能接「語言」外,不能直接接東西,後面加了to則表示「對.說」.
help sb. with sth.(幫助某人做/補習.)
want to do sth.(想要做某事)
would like to do sth.
not...at all(一點都不);Not at all.(沒關系/別介意)
like...a lot = like...very much
2)some和any的區別:
口訣:some用於肯定句,否定、疑問變any.例如:
I have some money.
I don't have any money.
Do you have any money?
3)have a seat = take a seat(請隨便坐)
4)祈使句(表示命令或請求的句子)
祈使句一般都省略了主語You,所以其否定句直接用Don't開頭.例如:
Don't go there!
5)問職業:
What does sb. do?
What is sb.?
What's sb.'s job?
6)work與job的區別:
work是未必有報酬的「工作」,例如homework, housework;而job則一定是有報酬的「工作」.
7)on指在物體的表面,不論這個面是否水平的,例如:
on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground
8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在醫院里)
look after(照料/照顧/照看)
help oneself(請自便/隨便吃)
9)表示「建議」的句型:「做某事如何?」
What about (doing) sth.? (英式英語)
How about (doing) sth.? (美式英語)
Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?
10)「吃」一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper
have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper
take one's order
be kind to sb.
11)try on這個片語可合可分:名詞可以放在這個片語的中間或後面,但代詞只能放在片語的中間.
12)在口語中往往用take表示「買」.
13)how many與how much的區別:
how many + 可數名詞;how much + 不可數名詞
14)What do you think of...? 是詢問對方對某事物的看法;
How do you like...? 是問對方對某事物喜歡的程度.
think about(考慮)
Thank you all the same. (即使對方沒能幫上忙,也要禮貌道謝)
Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作為動詞,不能單獨使用.)
15)one與it的區別:
當上下文說的是同一種類事物時,任意一個可以用one來代替;如果上下文所說的是同一個事物時則用it.例如:
Ann :I have a yellow bag.
Jane :I have a green one.
Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?
Mike : Look, it's over there.
16)倒裝句
Here you are.
Here it is.
17)be free (有空/免費)
forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)
forget doing sth.(忘了做過某事)
What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?
18)go + v.-ing結構的含義:為了實現某目的才去的.例如:
go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等
19)have to do sth.(非主觀因素,強調客觀因素,「不得不去做某事」)
must 則表示主觀願望
20)fly a kite = fly kites
be free = have time
21)時間的表述
當分針所指的時間大於0分、小於等於30分鍾時,用「分鍾」past「小時」.例如:
8:23——twenty-three past eight
當分針所指的時間大於30分鍾、小於60分鍾時,用「剩餘的時間」to「下一個整點」.例如:
8:49——eleven to nine
當然,還可以直接按照小時、分鍾去讀出時間,例如:
8:23——eight twenty-three; 8:49——eight forty-nine
整點則在數詞後加「-o'clock」,例如:8:00——eight o'clock
在鍾點前介詞要用at.
22)句型「該干某事了.」:It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.
例如:該吃午飯了.
It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.
Ⅲ 初一上冊英語的知識點
一、48個國際音標及26個英文字母的正確書寫
要熟練掌握母音和輔音,5個母音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正確占格及單詞間距。
二、be動詞的用法
be動詞有三種變形,分別是:am, is, are。記憶口訣:
「我」用am, 「你」用are, is用於「他、她、它」;單數全都用is,復數全部都用are。
三、人稱及人稱代詞的不同形式(主格和賓格)
1、三種人稱:第一人稱(I, we),第二人稱(you, you),第三人稱(he, she, it, Maria)。
2、人稱代詞的主格,即人稱代詞位於句子主語位置時的形態:I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。
3、人稱代詞的賓格,即人稱代詞位於句子賓語位置時的形態:me, us, you, you, him, her, it。
4、形容詞性物主代詞:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。
5、名詞性物主代詞:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。
6、反身代詞:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。
四、基數詞(表示數量多少的詞,大致相當於代數里的自然數)
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。
五、一般疑問句及特殊疑問句
1、一般疑問句:能用Yes或No來回答的問句。一般疑問句句尾讀升調。
2、特殊疑問句:不能用Yes或No來回答的問句。特殊疑問句句尾讀降調。
六、可數名詞變復數
可數名詞變復數時,有規則變化和不規則變化兩種。
1、規則變化:
1)一般情況直接在詞尾加「-s 」,如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;
2)以s, x, sh, ch結尾的詞,要在詞尾加「-es 」,如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;
3)以輔音字母加y結尾的詞,變y為i再加「-es 」,如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;
4)部分以f (e)結尾的詞,變f (e)為「ves 」,如:knife-knives, half-halves等;
5)以o結尾的詞,加「-s 」或「-es 」,如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。記憶口訣:除了「英雄」hero外,凡是能吃的,加「-es 」,不能吃的加「-s 」。
2、不規則變化:
1)改變單數名詞中的母音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;
2)單、復同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;
3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。
七、簡單句的成分及主謂一致原則
最基本構成:主語+謂語+賓語,其中謂語由動詞來充當。
主謂一致原則,就是句子的謂語要始終與主語保持數量上的一致性。當主語是第三人稱單數(簡稱「三單」)時,謂語動詞也要相應變成單數形式;當主語非「三單」時,謂語動詞就用原形。實意動詞變「三單」的規則如下:
1)一般動詞在詞尾加「-s 」,如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;
2)以字母s, x,ch, sh結尾的動詞加「-es 」,如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;
3)以o結尾的動詞一般加「-es 」,如:do-does, go-goes等;
4)以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞,先變y為i,再加「-而是」,如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;
5)have的三單形式是has。
八、冠詞的用法(名詞前面必須要有冠詞)
冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a, an)兩種。
1、定冠詞the表示「特指」,可譯為「這個」、「那個」、「這些」、「那些」。
2、不定冠詞a, an用來表明(可數)名詞的數量是「一個」。an用於以母音開頭(注意不是以母音字母開頭)的單詞前,a則英語非母音開頭的單詞前。
3、不定冠詞a, an與基數詞one的區別是:不定冠詞不是刻意強調「數量」,而基數詞則強調「數量」。
九、助動詞(do, does )的用法
只有實意動詞作謂語時才涉及使用助動詞。以like為例:
1)當句子為肯定句時不涉及使用助動詞,只涉及「主謂一致」原則。
eg : I like English a lot.
Michael likes Chinese food very much.
2)當句子為否定句時,要根據主語的人稱來決定使用相應的助動詞:當主語為「三單」時,要使用does;當主語為「非三單」時,用助動詞原形do。例如把下列句子變否定句:
Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.
They like sports.------They don't like sports.
3)當句子變疑問句時,同樣要根據句子的主語來決定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子變問句:
Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
十、名詞所有格
1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;
2、用of表示「......的」,但要從of後往of前翻譯:a book of mine(我的一本書)
3、have與of的區別:
have一般表示「主動擁有」,往往用於有生命的人或動物;無生命的物體一般不能「主動擁有」,表示所屬關系時要用of。例如:
I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.
a door of the house
十一、課本中的知識點
1、Unit 1 ——Unit 2
1)問候語:
Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.
Hi! Hello!
How do you do?
2)道別用語:
Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用於初次見面,see用於熟人間)
Nice to meet/ see you, too.
Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!
3)介紹人或者物的句型:This is...
4)Excuse me.與I'm sorry.的區別:
Excuse me.是要引起對方的注意,而I'm sorry.則是向對方道歉。
5)片語be from = come from
in English
5)當問句中問到this/ that時,回答要用it;問到these/ those時,要用they來回答。 例如: What's this in English?----It's an eraser.
What are those?----They are books.
6)對Thanks.的回答:That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.
7)look the same = have the same looks
give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
be like = look like
in the tree/ on the tree (樹上結的、長出來的用on,否則用in)
in red(穿著紅色的衣服)
in the desk(在空間范圍之內)
in English(用英語)
help sb. do sth.
8)both與all的區別:
both表示「兩者都......」;all表示「三者及以上都......」。
2、Unit 3——Unit 4
1)speak的用法
speak與say不同:speak表示「說」的動作,不表示「說」的內容;say則表示「說」的內容。
speak後面除了能接「語言」外,不能直接接東西,後面加了to則表示「對......說」。
help sb. with sth.(幫助某人做/補習......)
want to do sth.(想要做某事)
would like to do sth.
not...at all(一點都不);Not at all.(沒關系/別介意)
like...a lot = like...very much
2)some和any的區別:
口訣:some用於肯定句,否定、疑問變any。例如:
I have some money.
I don't have any money.
Do you have any money?
3)have a seat = take a seat(請隨便坐)
4)祈使句(表示命令或請求的句子)
祈使句一般都省略了主語You,所以其否定句直接用Don't開頭。例如:
Don't go there!
5)問職業:
What does sb. do?
What is sb.?
What's sb.'s job?
6)work與job的區別:
work是未必有報酬的「工作」,例如homework, housework;而job則一定是有報酬的「工作」。
7)on指在物體的表面,不論這個面是否水平的,例如:
on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground
8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在醫院里)
look after(照料/照顧/照看)
help oneself(請自便/隨便吃)
9)表示「建議」的句型:「做某事如何?」
What about (doing) sth.? (英式英語)
How about (doing) sth.? (美式英語)
Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?
10)「吃」一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper
have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper
take one's order
be kind to sb.
11)try on這個片語可合可分:名詞可以放在這個片語的中間或後面,但代詞只能放在片語的中間。
12)在口語中往往用take表示「買」。
13)how many與how much的區別:
how many + 可數名詞;how much + 不可數名詞
14)What do you think of...? 是詢問對方對某事物的看法;
How do you like...? 是問對方對某事物喜歡的程度。
think about(考慮)
Thank you all the same. (即使對方沒能幫上忙,也要禮貌道謝)
Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作為動詞,不能單獨使用。)
15)one與it的區別:
當上下文說的是同一種類事物時,任意一個可以用one來代替;如果上下文所說的是同一個事物時則用it。例如:
Ann :I have a yellow bag.
Jane :I have a green one.
Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?
Mike : Look, it's over there.
16)倒裝句
Here you are.
Here it is.
17)be free (有空/免費)
forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)
forget doing sth.(忘了做過某事)
What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?
18)go + v.-ing結構的含義:為了實現某目的才去的。例如:
go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等
19)have to do sth.(非主觀因素,強調客觀因素,「不得不去做某事」)
must 則表示主觀願望
20)fly a kite = fly kites
be free = have time
21)時間的表述
當分針所指的時間大於0分、小於等於30分鍾時,用「分鍾」past「小時」。例如:
8:23——twenty-three past eight
當分針所指的時間大於30分鍾、小於60分鍾時,用「剩餘的時間」to「下一個整點」。例如:
8:49——eleven to nine
當然,還可以直接按照小時、分鍾去讀出時間,例如:
8:23——eight twenty-three; 8:49——eight forty-nine
整點則在數詞後加「-o'clock」,例如:8:00——eight o'clock
在鍾點前介詞要用at.
22)句型「該干某事了。」:It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.
例如:該吃午飯了.
It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.
Ⅳ 七年級上冊英語復習資料
2.ving形式的構成
1)直接在動詞原形末尾加-ing,如play-playing
2)以不發音字母e結尾的動詞,去e再加-ing,如have-having
3)以重讀閉音節結尾的單詞,結尾只有一個輔音字母,應雙寫這個字母,再加-ing。如,begin-beginning
注意:
1) 有些動詞一般不用於現在進行時,如see,like,love, want,know等,而用一般現在時。如,Do you know him?你認識他嗎?
2) 有些動詞如come, go, arrive, leave, start, fly, drive,stay等表示位置轉移的詞,用現在進行時表示按計劃即將發生的動作,如 We are going to Beijing on Friday.我們星期五要去北京。
3. 構詞知識:
1) 名詞後綴:-er,如,singer
-or,如 actor
-ing, 如 meeting
-tion 如 direction
2) 形容詞後綴: -ful 如,beautiful
-ing 如,boring
-ous 如,dangerous
-ly 如, friendly
3)副詞後綴:-ly 如,really
4)數詞後綴:-teen 如,thirteen
-ty 如,thirty
-th 如,fourth
5【注意】一些表示狀態和意願的動詞,如be,like,want,know ,think,have等,不能用於現在進行時態中。如,I want to go home now.
6. 關於how 的用法
1) How作「(指程度)多少」「(方法)怎樣」「多麼」講,為副詞。
2) how 的感嘆句的構成:How + 形容詞+主語+be動詞!
How+副詞+主語+謂語動詞!
3)how many 多少(對可數名詞的數量提問,其後接名詞復數)
How many days are there in a year?
4) how much 多少(錢)(對不可數名詞的數量提問,其後接不可數名詞)
How much water is there in the cup?
How much are these pants?
5) how often多久(對表示頻度副詞的時間狀語提問)
How often do you go there? Once a month.
6)how old多大歲數(對年齡提問)
How old is your grandfather? He is sixty-five.
7)how soon多久(用於將來時)
How soon are you back? In a week.
12.一般過去時的用法
1)表示在過去某個時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態。常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如yesterday, last week, an hour ago, just now, in 1990等。
2)表示過去接連發生的一系列動作。They played soccer and then went home.
3)一般過去時動詞的構成方法:
a) 一般情況下,動詞原形後直接加-ed。如,play-played
b) 以e結尾的動詞,直接加-d。 如,decide-decided
c) 重讀閉音節+單個輔音字母結尾的動詞,雙寫該輔音字母,再加-ed。如,stop-stopped
d) 結尾是「輔音字母+y」的動詞,先變y為i,再加-ed.如,study-studied
e) 有些動詞變化不規則要特殊記憶。上面以給出。
4)一般過去時的句法功能
a) 肯定句:主語+一般過去時動詞+其他We had Sichuan food for dinner.
b) 否定句:主語+didn』t+動詞原形+其他;主語+wasn』t/weren』t+其他
I didn』t go to summer camp.
The shops weren』t too crowded.
c) 一般疑問句:Did +主語+動詞原形+其他?;Was/Were+主語+其他?
Did they stay at home?
Was the bus trip relaxing?
d) 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般過去式?
Where did you go? Who was ill?
3.find的用法
1) find sb doing sth. 發現某人在做某事
I find him reading an interesting book.
2) find sb. to do sth 發現某人做某事
We found him to be a good student.
3) find sb+adj/prep-phrase/n發現某人怎麼樣或在某一種情況下
He found me a good student.
I found him at home.
4) find it+adj/n+to do sth發現做某事怎麼樣
He finds it important to learn English well.
(這里的it是形式賓語,真正的賓語是後面的不定式)
5)find onself不知不覺地
He found himself in the forest.
4..同義詞辨析
find, find out, look, look for, look at
find:找到。強調找的結果。
find out:找出,查出。指經過一番努力達到目的。
look:找,看。 強調動作的過程, 是不及物動詞。
look for:尋找。強調動作的過程,for後接名詞或代詞,表示尋找的對象。
look at: 看。強調動作的過程,at後接名詞或代詞,表示看的對象。
5. 否定前綴
un-
a) friendly(友好的) unfriendly(不友好的)
b) lucky(幸運的) unlucky(不幸的)
c) fair(公平的) unfair(不公平的)
d) happy(高興的) unhappy(不悅的)
in-
a) expensive(貴的) inexpensive(便宜的)
b) formal(正式的) informal(非正式的)
c) exact(確切的) inexact(不確切的)
d) human(人性的) inhuman(野蠻的)
6. 詞語辨析
a) walk與on foot 「步行「方式
walk與on foot都指「步行」,但用法不同。Walk是動詞,walk to後接地點副詞here,there,home等時,介詞to要省去。而on foot是一個表示方式,方法的介詞短語,在句中只能做狀語。on foot不能用on feet或by foot替換。walk to相當於go to …on foot,表示「走著去,步行」。
b) cool與cold「冷」
cool意思是「涼快的」,既不冷,有不熱,給人一種舒服的感覺。
Col意思是「寒冷的」,給人一種不舒服的感覺。
c) hot與warm「熱」
hot作形容詞,表示「熱的」,反義詞是cold。Hot指溫度很高,給人一種不舒服的感覺。Hot用作形容詞有多種含義,如「辣的」,「熱門的」,「最近的」
warm作形容詞意思是「溫暖的;暖和的」,指溫度適中,給人一種舒服的感覺。
7. 形容詞的用法
形容詞就是表示人或事物的性質,狀態或特徵等的詞。
a) 和連系動詞連用:形容詞常用在連系動詞be,look,get等的後面,構成「主-系-表」結構,形容詞作表語,說明主語是什麼或怎麼樣的狀態。如He is happy.
b) 修飾名詞:形容詞常用在名詞前面,用於修飾名詞。如He is a good student.
c) 常用表示程度的副詞very, too, so, quite, rather等詞來修飾
8. So的用法小結
a) 作連詞
So作連詞,意為「因此,所以「。Because是連詞,意思是「因為」,常用於回答以why開頭的問句。不過,漢語中有「因為。。。所以。。。」連用的情況,但英語中because與連詞so絕不能同時出現在同一個句子中,只能用其中的一個。如
This is our first lesson, so I don』t know all your name.
這是我們的第一堂課,所以我不知道你們大家的名字。
在這里,so用作連詞,它把兩個句子連接起來,表示前一句是原因,後一句是結果。
口訣「because常來回答why,句中有so 它不來。「
b) 作副詞
So用作副詞,意為「那麼「,表示程度,修飾形容詞或副詞,作狀語。So用作副詞還可以表示強調,意思為「非常,很」。如
This bag is so heavy.這個包如此的沉。
c)作代詞
so用作代詞,意思是「這樣,那樣,這么」
【注意】I think so. 和 I don』t think so.是日常交流用語。在口語中,對方提出一個問題,如果你認為是對的,可回答:I think so. 反之,為I don』t think so.so代替上文提到的內容,以避免重復。
◆ unit 11 What do you think of game shows?
目標語言:give opinions;talk about likes and dislikes
重點句型:What do you think of sitcoms? I love them.
What does she think of sports shows? She doesn』t mind them.
How about..?=What about..?
Thanks for joining us.
I can』t stand it.
重點片語:think of, talk about, soap opera, sports show, situation comedy, game show, how about, weekend talk, a thirteen-year-old boy, hair clip, key ring, enjoy doing, thanks for doing, mind doing, show sb. sth, show sth to sb. , show sb around
知識點:
1. Mind的用法
1) mind作「介意」「反對」講,為及物動詞或不及物動詞,常用與疑問句,否定句,條件句中,其後可跟名詞,代詞,動名詞或從句。如
I don』t mind cigarette smoke.我不在乎香煙的味兒。
I』m sure that he won』t mind.我確信他不會介意的。
Would you mind if I went home early?我早點回家你反對嗎?
2) mind作「思想」「主題」「想法」講,為可數名詞。如
Speak your mind out.把你的想法說出來。
2.how about和what about同義,用法也相同。About是介詞,後面除了名詞,代詞以外,還可以跟動名詞或介詞短語。
1)how/what about用來詢問或打聽情況,意思為「。。。怎麼樣?」「。。。如何?」如 I am tired. What about you?我很累了,你呢?
2)how/what about用來提出請求,建議或徵求意見,意思為「(你認為)。。。怎麼樣?」「。。。。如何?」如,How about going out for a walk?出去散步怎麼樣?
3.Show的用法
1) show作「給….看」 「出示」 「顯示」講,為及物動詞.如
Please show your tickets.請把票拿出來.
2)表示 「給某人看什麼東西」時,用 「show sth to sb」或 「show sb sth」.如
Please show me the map.= Please show the map to me.請把地圖給我看一看.
3) show someone around some place帶領某人參觀某地 如,
I showed him around our school.我領著他參觀了我們學校.
4. enjoy的用法
a) enjoy後面接動詞時,要使用動名詞形式.如enjoy swimming
finish, be busy, mind, go on等詞的用法也如此.
b) enjoy oneself=have a good time玩得快樂,玩得高興
Did you enjoy yourself at the party?你在聚會上玩得愉快嗎?
5.詞語辨析
1)think, think of, think about想
Think意為 「思考,認為」單獨使用時,think表示 「思考」;後接that從句時,think表示 「認為,覺得」
Think of是動詞短語,意思為 「想起,想到」某人或某物.還有 「對….有某種看法,認為」的意思.
Think about也是動詞片語,意思是 「考慮」.其後面可以跟名詞,動名詞,代詞.
2) agree with與 agree to 「同意」
Agree with後面通常接表示人的詞語,表示 「贊成,同意」某人
Agree to 後面常接表示物或事的詞語,而不接表示人的詞語.
3)talk to與talk with 交談
Talk 通常是用作不及物動詞,意思是 「談話,說話」. 要表示與某人談話則應在其後加上介詞to 與with. Talk還作名詞,意思為 「聊天,談話」,如have a long talk進行長談, have a talk with和某人談談.
◆unit 12 Don』t eat in class.
目標語言: Talk about rules
重點句型: What are the rules? We can』t arrive late for class.
Don』t eat in class.
Can we listen to music? Yes, we can. No, we can』t.
What else do you have to do? We have to clean the classroom.
Do you have to wear a uniform at school? Yes, we do. No, we don』t.
You don』t have to wear a uniform
You have to wear sneakers for gym class.
重點片語:arrive late for class, eat in the cafeteria, wear a uniform, have to, too many rules, meet friends, after school, learn the piano, in class, no talking
知識點:
1.祈使句的用法
a)相關口令
祈使句無主語,主語you常省去;
動詞原形謂語當,句首加don』t否定變;
朗讀應當用降調,句末常標感嘆號。
b)表現形式
●肯定結構:
1. Do型(即:動詞原形(+賓語)+其它成分)。如:
Please have a seat here. 請這邊坐。
有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下,動詞可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way,
please. 請這邊走。
2. Be型(即:Be + 表語(名詞或形容詞)+其它成分)。如:
Be a good boy! 要做一個好孩子!
3. Let型(即:Let + 賓語 + 動詞原形 + 其它成分)。如:
Let me help you. 讓我來幫你。
●否定結構:
1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don』t構成。如:
Don』t forget me! 不要忘記我!
Don』t be late for school! 上學不要遲到!
2. Let型的否定式有兩種:「Don』t + let + 賓語 + 動詞原形 + 其它成分」和「Let + 賓語
+ not + 動詞原形 + 其它成分」。如:
Don』t let him go. / Let him not go. 別讓他走。
c) 有些可用no開頭,用來表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸煙!No fishing! 禁止釣魚!
2.情態動詞have to的用法
have to側重於客觀上的必要,作 「必須」 「不得不做某事」講。和其他情態動詞的區別在於她具有人稱的變化。
1) 肯定句:sb +have/has to+動詞原形。主語為第三人稱單數時用 has to,其他人稱用have to.如,He has to work on Sunday.他不得不在周日工作。
2)否定句:sb +don』t/doesn』t have to+動詞原形。主語為第三人稱單數時用doesn』t have to,其他人稱用don』t have to.He doesn』t have to leave now.
3)Does/Do+sb+have to+動詞原形?Yes,…do/does. No, …don』t/doesn』t.
主語為第三人稱單數時用does提問,其他人稱用do提問.
3.問句中的some
我們都知道,some通常用在肯定句中,而any則用在疑問句和否定句中;但是,some有時也可以用在疑問句中。後者主要有以下幾種情況:
★在表示請求的疑問句中。例如:
Could we have some bottles of orange juice, please?
我們來幾瓶橘汁,好嗎?
May I ask you some questions?
我可以問你幾個問題嗎?
★在表示建議的疑問句中。例如:
Would you like some bags of milk?
你想要幾袋牛奶嗎?
Shall we have some rice for supper?
晚飯我們吃米飯,好嗎?
★在表示說話人盼望得到肯定答復的疑問句中。例如:
Can you see some birds in the tree?
你能看見樹上有些鳥嗎?
★用在表示反問的疑問句中。例如:
Can』t you see some apples on the tree?
難道你看不到樹上有些蘋果嗎?
[第一類] 名詞類
1. 這些女老師們在干什麼?
[正] What are the women teachers doing?
[析] 在英語中,當一名詞作定語修飾另一名詞(單或復數形式)時,作定語的名詞一般要用其單數形式;但當man, woman作定語修飾可數名詞復數形式時,要用其復數形式men, women。
2. 房間里有多少人
[正] How many people are there in the room?
[析] people作「人、人們」解時,是個集合名詞,其單復數同形。
3. 我想為我兒子買兩瓶牛奶。
[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.
[析] 表示不可數名詞的數量時,常用「a / an或數詞 +表量的可數名詞 + of + 不可數名詞」這一結構, 其中當數詞大於1時,表量的可數名詞要用其復數形式。
4. 這是那對雙胞胎的房間。
[正] This is the twins』 room.
[析] 以字母以 s結尾的普通名詞的所有格只在其後直接加「 『」構成即可。
5. 在小轎車里的那位女士是彼得和湯姆的媽媽。
[正] The lady in the car is Peter and Tom』s mother.
[析] 表示幾人共同擁有某人或某物時,只在最後一個人名後加「』s」;若是幾人分別擁有某人或某物時,則在每個人名後分別加「』s」。
[第二類] 動詞類
6. 你妹妹通常什麼時候去上學?
[誤] What time does your sister usually goes to school?
[正] What time does your sister usually go to school?
[析] 藉助助動詞do(或does)構成疑問句或否定句時,句中的謂語動詞用其原形。
7. 琳達晚上經常做作業,但今晚她在看電視。
[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening, but this evening she is watching TV.
[析] 在初一英語學習階段,我們接觸到了兩種主要時態??一般現在時和現在進行時。一般現在時表示經常的或習慣性的動作,常和often, usually, sometimes 等時間狀語連用。在一般現在時的句子中,若主語是第三人稱單數,謂語動詞要用其第三人稱單數形式。現在進行時表示現階段正在進行或發生的動作,現在進行時由be(am / is / are) + ving形式構成。
8. 這雙鞋是紅色的。
[正] This pair of shoes is red.
[析] 在shoes, trousers, gloves, glasses等表示成雙成對的衣物或工具名詞前用pair(表計量)修飾時,謂語動詞的形式由pair的單復數形式來決定。
[第三類] 代詞類
9. 這張票是她的,不是我的。
[正] This is her ticket. It』s not mine.
[析] 物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之分:形容詞性物主代詞之後一定要接名詞,而名詞性物主代詞之後不需接任何詞。
10. 吳老師教我們英語。
[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.
[析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的賓語,因此當sb.為人稱代詞時要用其賓格形式。
第四類(介詞類)
11. 你能找到這個問題的答案嗎?
[正] Can you find the answer to this question?
[析] 英語中用「the answer to ...」表示「……的答案」。
類似結構還有the key to the door, the way tothe zoo等。
12. 格林先生星期六上午來這里。
[正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.
[析] 表示在上午、下午等時,介詞要用in;而表示在具體的某天上午、下午等時,介詞要用on。
13. 那個穿著紅裙子的小女孩是我們老師的女兒。
[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher』sdaughter.
[析] 用介詞表示「穿戴衣物」時,只能用in,其他介詞沒有此用法。
第五類(副詞類)
14. 莉莉,你為什麼不回家呢?
[正] Lily, why don』t you go home?
[析] come, go 等後接here, there, home等地點副詞時,地點副詞前不加to。
第六類(連詞類)
15. 我喜歡語文和英語,但我不喜歡體育和歷史。
[正] I like Chinese and English, but I don』t like P.E.or history.
[析] 在肯定句中,並列成分之間用and來連接;而在否定句中,並列成分之間的連接需要用or。
第七類(冠詞類)
16. 乘飛機去北京花了史密斯一家人一個小時。
[正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing byplane.
[析] 1.表示「……一家人」用結構「the + 姓氏復數」;
2.our 一詞的第一個字母不發音,它是以母音音素開頭的,所以「一小時」要用 an hour;
3.用介詞by表示「乘坐」某種交通工具時,交通工具名詞前不加任何冠詞。
第八類There be 句型類
17. 房間里有什麼? 有一些桌子和椅子。
[正] What is in the room?
There are some desks and chairs.
[析] 就There be 句型中的主語進行提問時,無論主語是單數形式還是復數形式,均要用「What /Who is + 介詞短語?」,即其中的謂語動詞均用單數形式is。
第九類句法類
18. 你不是學生嗎? 不,我是學生。
[正] ?Aren』t you a student? ?Yes, I am.
[析] 對否定疑問句的回答是用Yes還是用No,這取決於實際情況:如果事實是肯定的,就用Yes表「不」;如果事實是否定的,就用No表「是的」。
Ⅳ 英語七年級上冊復習資料
tell sb. (not) to do sth.告訴某人(不要)做某事
want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事
try to do sth.試圖做某事
help sb. (to) do sth.幫某人做某事
be busy with sth.忙於某事
spend money/time on(doing) sth.花費金錢/時間去做某事
hope to do sth./hope(that)…希望……
wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事
find sb. doing sth.發現某人正在做某事
remember to do sth.記得要去做某事
remember doing sth.記得曾經做過某事
forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事
forget doing sth.忘記曾經做過某事
plan to do sth.計劃做某事
take sb. some time/money to do sth.做某事花費某人時間/金錢
sb. pay(s) money for sth.某人在某物上花費金錢
sth. cost(s) sb. some money某人在某物上花費金錢
like to do/doing sth.喜歡做某事
see/hear sb. do/doing sth.看見/聽到某人干過/在干某事
decide to do sth.決定做某事
get sth. for sb.為某人弄到某物
would like to do sth 想要做某事
enjoy doing sth 享受做某事
practice doing sth 練習做某事
try to do sth 盡力做某事
try doing sth 嘗試做某事
ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事
make sb do sth 使得某人做某事
let sb do sth 讓某人做某事
help sb (to)do sth 幫助某人做某事
love/like doing sth 喜歡做某事
dislike doing sth 不喜歡做某事
hate doing/to do sth 討厭做某事
keep doing sth 保持一直做某事
be busy doing sth 忙於做某事
spend(time)doing sth 花時間做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
need to do sth 需要做某事
Ⅵ 初一上冊英語復習資料
一. 詞彙
⑴ 單詞
1. 介詞:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示"在……中", "在……內"。例如:
in our class 在我們班上
in my bag 在我的書包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2). on 表示"在……上"。例如:
on the wall 在牆上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
3). under表示"在……下"。例如:
under the tree 在樹下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
4). behind表示"在……後面"。例如:
behind the door 在門後
behind the tree 在樹後
5). near表示"在……附近"。例如:
near the teacher's desk 在講桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示"在……處"。例如:
at school 在學校
at home 在家
at the door 在門口
7). of 表示"……的"。例如:
a picture of our classroom 我們教室的一幅畫
a map of China 一張中國地圖
2. 冠詞 a / an / the:
冠詞一般位於所限定的名詞前,用來署名名詞所指的人或事物。冠詞有不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞有兩個形式,即a和an。a用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前,如a book; an用在以母音音素開頭的字母前,如an apple.
a或an與可數名詞單數連用,泛指某類人或某物中的一個。
This is a cat.
這是一隻貓。
It's an English book.
這是一本英語書。
His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是個工人。
the既可以用在可數名詞前,也可以用在不可數名詞前,表示某個或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到過的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat?
戴帽子的男孩是誰呀?
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什麼呀?
------ 我能看見一個書包。
------ 書包在哪呀?
------ 在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如:
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些書。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好書。
②在疑問句和否定句中用any。例如:
Is there any ink in your pen?你的鋼筆里有墨水嗎?
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹嗎?
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里沒有水。
⑵記住它們的特殊用法。
①some亦可用於表示盼望得到對方肯定的答復或表示建議、委婉請求的疑問句中,這一點我們不久就會學到。例如:
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃蘋果嗎?
②any也可用於肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如:
Any one of us can do this.我們當中任何一個都能做這個。
some 和any的用法是經常出現的考點,希望大家能准確地掌握它們的用法。
4.family
family看作為一個整體時,意思是"家庭",後面的謂語動詞be用單數形式 is ;如把family看作為家庭成員時,應理解為復數,後面的謂語動詞be應用are。
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是個大家庭。
My family are all at home now. 我的家人現在都在家。
Family強調由家人組成的一個集體或強調這個集體中的成員。home指個人出生、被撫養長大的環境和居住地點。 house指"家"、"房屋",側重居住的建築本身。
His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now. 他現在不在家。
It's a picture of my family. 這是一張我全家的照片。
5. little的用法
a little dog 一隻小狗,a little boy 一個小男孩。little常用來修飾有生命的名詞。
*但little還可表示否定意義,意為"少的",加不可數名詞。
There is little time. 幾乎沒時間了。
There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。
⑵ 片語
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子後
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的鉛筆盒中
near the door 在門附近
a picture of a classroom 一個教室的圖片
look at the picture 看這張圖片
the teacher's desk 講桌
a map of China 一張中國地圖
family tree 家譜
have a seat 坐下,就坐
this way 這邊走
二. 日常用語
1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.
3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.
5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.(口語)讓我想想看。
see 在這是"明白、懂了",不可譯作"看見"。例如:
8. Please have a seat.
seat表示"座位",是個名詞。have a seat表示"就坐",也可以說take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
三. 語法
1. 名詞所有格
名詞如要表示與後面名詞的所有關系,通常用名詞所有格的形式,意為"……的"。一般有以下幾種形式:
(1). 一般情況下在詞尾加"'s"。例如:
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我媽媽的朋友
(2). 如果復數名詞以s結尾,只加"'"。例如:
Teachers' Day 教師節
The boys' game 男孩們的游戲
(3). 如果復數名詞不以s結尾,仍加"'s"。例如:
Children's Day 兒童節
Women's Day 婦女節
(4). 表示兩個或幾個共有時,所有格應加在後一個名詞上。例如:
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房間
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
動物和無生命事物的名詞的所有格一般不在詞尾加"'s",而常常用介詞of的短語來表示。
a map of China 一幅中國地圖
the name of her cat 她的貓的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一張照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的門
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用來表示說話人的請求、命令、建議、叮囑等意圖。祈使句一般不用主語,讀時用降調。為使語氣委婉、禮貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾時,please前多用逗號。
(1). 祈使句肯定形式的謂語動詞一律用動詞原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 請進。
(2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don't於句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看書。
Don't play on the road. 不要在馬路上玩。
3. There be 的句子結構
There be是一個"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式為:There be + 名詞(單數或復數)+地點狀語或時間狀語。
be動詞單復數的確定,看be後邊第一個名詞,當所接主語為單數或不可數名詞時,be動詞形式為is;當所接主語為復數名詞時,be動詞為are;當be動詞後接兩個以上主語時,be動詞與最臨近主語保持數上的一致。意思為"某地有某人或某物"。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一塊橡皮和兩支鋼筆。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有兩支鋼筆和一塊橡皮。
(1)there be的否定句,即在be的後面加上not。
否定形式為:There be + not + (any) + 名詞+地點狀語。
There is not any cat in the room. 房間里沒貓。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上沒書。
(2)there be句型的疑問句就是將be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名詞+地點狀語?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 畫上有一隻狗嗎?
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河裡有船嗎?
---No, there aren't. 沒有。
(3)特殊疑問句:How many . . . are there (+地點狀語)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有時直接就用數字來回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少學生?
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一個。/有九個。
(4)如果名詞是不可數名詞,用:How much + 不可數名詞 + is there + 地點狀語?
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水?
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?
Ⅶ 七年級上冊英語知識點歸納,急要
一、48個國際音標及26個英文字母的正確書寫
要熟練掌握母音和輔音,5個母音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正確占格及單詞間距。
二、be動詞的用法
be動詞有三種變形,分別是:am, is, are。記憶口訣:
「我」用am, 「你」用are, is用於「他、她、它」;單數全都用is,復數全部都用are。
三、人稱及人稱代詞的不同形式(主格和賓格)
1、三種人稱:第一人稱(I, we),第二人稱(you, you),第三人稱(he, she, it, Maria)。
2、人稱代詞的主格,即人稱代詞位於句子主語位置時的形態:I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。
3、人稱代詞的賓格,即人稱代詞位於句子賓語位置時的形態:me, us, you, you, him, her, it。
4、形容詞性物主代詞:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。
5、名詞性物主代詞:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。
6、反身代詞:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。
四、基數詞(表示數量多少的詞,大致相當於代數里的自然數)
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。
五、一般疑問句及特殊疑問句
1、一般疑問句:能用Yes或No來回答的問句。一般疑問句句尾讀升調。
2、特殊疑問句:不能用Yes或No來回答的問句。特殊疑問句句尾讀降調。
六、可數名詞變復數
可數名詞變復數時,有規則變化和不規則變化兩種。
1、規則變化:
1)一般情況直接在詞尾加「-s 」,如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;
2)以s, x, sh, ch結尾的詞,要在詞尾加「-es 」,如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;
3)以輔音字母加y結尾的詞,變y為i再加「-es 」,如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;
4)部分以f (e)結尾的詞,變f (e)為「ves 」,如:knife-knives, half-halves等;
5)以o結尾的詞,加「-s 」或「-es 」,如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。記憶口訣:除了「英雄」hero外,凡是能吃的,加「-es 」,不能吃的加「-s 」。
2、不規則變化:
1)改變單數名詞中的母音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;
2)單、復同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;
3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。
七、簡單句的成分及主謂一致原則
最基本構成:主語+謂語+賓語,其中謂語由動詞來充當。
主謂一致原則,就是句子的謂語要始終與主語保持數量上的一致性。當主語是第三人稱單數(簡稱「三單」)時,謂語動詞也要相應變成單數形式;當主語非「三單」時,謂語動詞就用原形。實意動詞變「三單」的規則如下:
1)一般動詞在詞尾加「-s 」,如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;
2)以字母s, x,ch, sh結尾的動詞加「-es 」,如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;
3)以o結尾的動詞一般加「-es 」,如:do-does, go-goes等;
4)以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞,先變y為i,再加「-而是」,如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;
5)have的三單形式是has。
八、冠詞的用法(名詞前面必須要有冠詞)
冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a, an)兩種。
1、定冠詞the表示「特指」,可譯為「這個」、「那個」、「這些」、「那些」。
2、不定冠詞a, an用來表明(可數)名詞的數量是「一個」。an用於以母音開頭(注意不是以母音字母開頭)的單詞前,a則英語非母音開頭的單詞前。
3、不定冠詞a, an與基數詞one的區別是:不定冠詞不是刻意強調「數量」,而基數詞則強調「數量」。
九、助動詞(do, does )的用法
只有實意動詞作謂語時才涉及使用助動詞。以like為例:
1)當句子為肯定句時不涉及使用助動詞,只涉及「主謂一致」原則。
eg : I like English a lot.
Michael likes Chinese food very much.
2)當句子為否定句時,要根據主語的人稱來決定使用相應的助動詞:當主語為「三單」時,要使用does;當主語為「非三單」時,用助動詞原形do。例如把下列句子變否定句:
Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.
They like sports.------They don't like sports.
3)當句子變疑問句時,同樣要根據句子的主語來決定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子變問句:
Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
十、名詞所有格
1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;
2、用of表示「......的」,但要從of後往of前翻譯:a book of mine(我的一本書)
3、have與of的區別:
have一般表示「主動擁有」,往往用於有生命的人或動物;無生命的物體一般不能「主動擁有」,表示所屬關系時要用of。例如:
I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.
a door of the house
十一、課本中的知識點
1、Unit 1 ——Unit 2
1)問候語:
Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.
Hi! Hello!
How do you do?
2)道別用語:
Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用於初次見面,see用於熟人間)
Nice to meet/ see you, too.
Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!
3)介紹人或者物的句型:This is...
4)Excuse me.與I'm sorry.的區別:
Excuse me.是要引起對方的注意,而I'm sorry.則是向對方道歉。
5)片語be from = come from
in English
5)當問句中問到this/ that時,回答要用it;問到these/ those時,要用they來回答。 例如: What's this in English?----It's an eraser.
What are those?----They are books.
6)對Thanks.的回答:That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.
7)look the same = have the same looks
give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
be like = look like
in the tree/ on the tree (樹上結的、長出來的用on,否則用in)
in red(穿著紅色的衣服)
in the desk(在空間范圍之內)
in English(用英語)
help sb. do sth.
8)both與all的區別:
both表示「兩者都......」;all表示「三者及以上都......」。
2、Unit 3——Unit 4
1)speak的用法
speak與say不同:speak表示「說」的動作,不表示「說」的內容;say則表示「說」的內容。
speak後面除了能接「語言」外,不能直接接東西,後面加了to則表示「對......說」。
help sb. with sth.(幫助某人做/補習......)
want to do sth.(想要做某事)
would like to do sth.
not...at all(一點都不);Not at all.(沒關系/別介意)
like...a lot = like...very much
2)some和any的區別:
口訣:some用於肯定句,否定、疑問變any。例如:
I have some money.
I don't have any money.
Do you have any money?
3)have a seat = take a seat(請隨便坐)
4)祈使句(表示命令或請求的句子)
祈使句一般都省略了主語You,所以其否定句直接用Don't開頭。例如:
Don't go there!
5)問職業:
What does sb. do?
What is sb.?
What's sb.'s job?
6)work與job的區別:
work是未必有報酬的「工作」,例如homework, housework;而job則一定是有報酬的「工作」。
7)on指在物體的表面,不論這個面是否水平的,例如:
on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground
8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在醫院里)
look after(照料/照顧/照看)
help oneself(請自便/隨便吃)
9)表示「建議」的句型:「做某事如何?」
What about (doing) sth.? (英式英語)
How about (doing) sth.? (美式英語)
Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?
10)「吃」一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper
have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper
take one's order
be kind to sb.
11)try on這個片語可合可分:名詞可以放在這個片語的中間或後面,但代詞只能放在片語的中間。
12)在口語中往往用take表示「買」。
13)how many與how much的區別:
how many + 可數名詞;how much + 不可數名詞
14)What do you think of...? 是詢問對方對某事物的看法;
How do you like...? 是問對方對某事物喜歡的程度。
think about(考慮)
Thank you all the same. (即使對方沒能幫上忙,也要禮貌道謝)
Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作為動詞,不能單獨使用。)
15)one與it的區別:
當上下文說的是同一種類事物時,任意一個可以用one來代替;如果上下文所說的是同一個事物時則用it。例如:
Ann :I have a yellow bag.
Jane :I have a green one.
Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?
Mike : Look, it's over there.
16)倒裝句
Here you are.
Here it is.
17)be free (有空/免費)
forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)
forget doing sth.(忘了做過某事)
What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?
18)go + v.-ing結構的含義:為了實現某目的才去的。例如:
go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等
19)have to do sth.(非主觀因素,強調客觀因素,「不得不去做某事」)
must 則表示主觀願望
20)fly a kite = fly kites
be free = have time
21)時間的表述
當分針所指的時間大於0分、小於等於30分鍾時,用「分鍾」past「小時」。例如:
8:23——twenty-three past eight
當分針所指的時間大於30分鍾、小於60分鍾時,用「剩餘的時間」to「下一個整點」。例如:
8:49——eleven to nine
當然,還可以直接按照小時、分鍾去讀出時間,例如:
8:23——eight twenty-three; 8:49——eight forty-nine
整點則在數詞後加「-o'clock」,例如:8:00——eight o'clock
在鍾點前介詞要用at.
22)句型「該干某事了。」:It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.
例如:該吃午飯了.
It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.
整個七年級的都在這里,比較全,如有疑問再問我,望採納。