英語動詞的時態

Ⅰ 英語動詞的時態（一般現在時 那些〕怎樣

英語見態構：
1. 般現
（1）be詞：isamare
（2）其詞：單數第三稱加s
2. 般
（1）be詞：was were
（2）其詞：式即規則詞加ed規則詞特殊記
3. 般
（1）will/ shall +詞原形
（2）is/ am/ are going to +詞原形
4.
（1）would +詞原形
（2）was/ were +詞原形
5. 現進行
is/ am/ are +詞-ing
6. 進行
was/were +詞-ing
7. 現完
have/ has + 詞
詞即規則詞加ed規則詞特殊記
8. 完
had + 詞
英語態用
、般現用
1．表示現習慣或經反復發作與always, usually,often, sometimes, every day
(week, month)等連用
He plays football twice a week.每周踢兩足球
I sometimes go to work on foot.我步行班
2．表示現事實或狀態
It』s cold today.今冷
You look tired now.現看起疲乏
3．表示主語所具特徵性格能力等
She is a famous singer.著名歌唱家
Tom likes swimming. 湯姆喜歡游泳
4．表示客觀事實或普遍真理
It』s far from the earth to the sun.球與太陽間距離遠
Five and three makes eight.五加三八
5．表示已預先安排或計劃確定發作列車刻等
主要用於go, come, leave, start, return, arrive等瞬間詞
The train from London arrives at 7:00.倫敦火車7:00站
He leaves on business the day after tomorrow.差
6．間及條件狀語句表示作
I』ll call you as soon as I get there.我打電給
I』ll come if he invites me.邀請我我
7．here, there句表示發作
Here comes the bus! 汽車
There goes the bell! 鈴響
注意：主語代詞代詞必須放詞前：
There he comes!
8．某些表示理狀態覺詞feel, love, hope,want, understand等表示現發具體
行
I feel pain in my head.我疼
I don』t understand what you mean.我理解意思
注意：用般現用現進行
二、般用
1．表示發作或存狀態與表示間副詞：yesterday, last week,two
hours ago等連用
My family moved here five years ago.我家五前搬
I was born in 1973.我於1973
2．表示段間經或反復發作與頻度副詞：
often, usually, always等連用
He always worked into night those days.些總工作深夜
I often left on business in 1987.1987我經差
注意：表示經今再要用used to：
I used to read newspaper after breakfast.
我經早飯看報紙（意指現已）
The children often swam in this river.
孩經條河游泳(表示事情與現關)
3．表示發連串作
發連串作若用and, or, but等並列連詞連接則律用式
He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and openedthe door.
放沉重箱掏鑰匙房門
They moved the chairsto the table, sat down and began to have supper.
椅搬桌邊坐始吃飯
4．間條件狀語句用般表示作
He said that he would let me know as soon as he got theinformation.
說消息立即讓我知道
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.瑪麗告訴我雨呆家
三、般用
（1）表示要發作或存狀態與表示間狀語next month, tomorrow,in a
week, soon等連用
I will go to the zoo next Sunday.周我物園
She』ll go to the cinema tonight.今晚看電影
（2）表示經發作
Some birds will fly away to the south when winter comes.
冬季臨些鳥飛往南
（3）be going to+詞原形表示：
I）根據目前跡象某件事情能發
Look at those clouds! It』s going to rain.看些雲快雨
II）打算、計劃、決定要做某事
We』re going to meet outside the school gate.我打算校門口見面
will與is/ am/ aregoing to do區別：
都表示通互換面幾種情形用will用be going to
（1）表示帶意願色彩
I』ll help you if you need. 需要我幫
（2）問否願意或表示客氣邀請或命令
Will you go shopping with me?我起購物
Will you please open the door? 請門打
（3）表示客觀必發事情
It will be Monday tomorrow. 明周
（4）含間狀語句或條件狀語句復合句主句則用will
I』ll take care of your baby when you are out. 門我照看寶寶
I』ll open the window if you smoke here. 抽煙我窗戶打
四、用
表示某間看要發作或存狀態用於賓語句表示句作發主句作表示習慣性作能用would用should：
He said he would ringme up at six. 說六點鍾給我打電
I would swim in thispool when I was a child.我孩童期經池塘游泳
This window wouldn』t close.窗戶關
五、現進行用
（1）表示現進行或發作與now, at present, atthis, moment等連用
It is snowing now.現雪
He is watching TV at present.看電視
（2）與these days, this week/month等連用表示現階段進行作
He is studying hard these days.些習努力
He is writing a book.寫本書
注意：Look!, Listen!等嘆句通用現進行：
Look! The bus is coming.看公共汽車
比較：
Look! There comes the bus.
（Here, There首句般現表示進行作）
（3）與表示間狀語連用表示近計劃或安排要發作主要用於go, come,
arrive, leave start, return等瞬間詞即用現進行表示
He is leaving for Nanjing tonight.今晚南京
The meeting is beginning at three this afternoon.議午3：00始
（4）與always, continually, forever等詞連用表示反復現作代替般現表達說
強烈情贊揚、滿、討厭等：
He is always asking such silly questions.提類愚蠢問題
He is continually making mistakes.斷犯錯誤
沒進行詞
1．表示存、位置詞：be（）lie（位於）stand（位於）
She is a doctor. 名醫
The mountain lies in the middle of the country.座山位於該部
The tower stands beside the river.座塔位於河邊
lie, stand別作躺、站解用於現進行：
The cat is lying under the table.貓躺桌面
He is standing against the door.靠門站著
2．表示所詞：have（）own（擁）
I have a new car.我輛新車
He owns a lot of houses.擁許房
have作吃、舉行講用於現進行：
She is having lunch now.現吃午飯
They are having a sports meeting.舉行運
3．表示覺詞：see（看）hear（聽）smell（聞）feel（摸起）
taste（嘗起）find（發現）等
I see a snake lying in the grass.我看條蛇躺草叢
4．表示理情詞：know（知道）understand（理解）think（作）
like（喜歡）love（）hate（恨）hope（希望）want（想要）等
I think they are right.我認確
I like music.我喜歡音樂
think作想考慮解用於進行態：
I』m thinking about it now.我現考慮事
Do you know what heis thinking about?知道想
六、進行用
（1）進行表示某刻進行作般特定間狀語或狀語句連用
：then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this timeyesterday, when he came in等
I was playing volley-ball this time last Sunday. 周候我打排球
Li Fang was watching TV when her father came back. 李芳爸爸看電視
（2）進行表示某段間持續進行作
They were making ships last month.月造船
（3）go, come, leave等瞬間詞進行表示某間安排或計劃即發作
The plane was arriving at eight.飛機八點達
進行與般區別
進行表示某作進行強調作連續性般則表示做完作強調件事
I was playing chesslast night.昨晚我棋
I played chess lastnight.昨晚我棋
My father worked lastSunday.我爸爸周工作
My father was workinglast Sunday.我爸爸周工作
七、現完用
（1）強調久前完作現產影響與already, just, yet等副詞連用
I have just read your letter.我剛剛讀完信
He has already come back.已經.
（2）表示發作直持續現與for或since引導段間狀語連用for通跟
間段since能跟具體間點
for two weeks持續兩周間；since Monday自周
He has lived here for three years.住兩
I have been here since 1976.自1976我直
瞬間詞及注意要點：
a. 現完肯定句其謂語詞瞬間詞come, go, begin, join等則與表示段間狀語連用
：兩周
He has arrived herefor two weeks.（×）
需轉換表達式：
① 用ago代替for並改般
② 用延續性詞代替瞬間詞
③ 用It is/It has been…since…句型
所面句轉換：
① He arrived here twoweeks ago.
② He has been here fortwo weeks.
③ It is/ It has beentwo weeks since he arrived here.
b. 瞬間詞用於否定句則與間段連用：
I haven』t gone there for six years.我六沒

（3）強調直現止經歷
I have been to Paris twice.我巴黎兩
It』s one of the most interesting films I』ve ever seen.
我看趣電影
比較have been to與have gone to
have been to表示某現已與ever ,since等詞連用：
I have ever been toLondon.我曾倫敦
have gone to表示某現尚未能與ever, since等詞連用
He has gone to London.倫敦
現完與般區別
二者都表示作已經發區別於：
（1）現完強調作與現關系即現產結、影響等般表示
事實表示現關系
He has learned French for three years.語已三
He learned French for three years.曾三語
Who has taken my bag? I couldn』t find it.誰拿走我包我找著
He cleaned the house yesterday.昨打掃房間
The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already.房間干凈已經打掃
（2）現完與表示間副詞連用般則
He has done some washing yesterday. （F）
He did some washing yesterday. （T）
昨洗衣服
八、完用
與現完用相似作衡量基準點間點同現完現作衡量基準點完則某刻作基準點
（1）表示某刻或作前完作即by, before引導間狀
語連用：
By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.
迪10歲已給自建實驗室
He had measured me before I could get in a word.我沒說已衣服量完
I thought I had seen him before. 我原前見
（2）表示由某間始直延續另間作或狀態與forsince引導間
狀語相連用
She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years. 說已所醫院工作20
He said he had taught in the university since 1989.
說自1989所任教
（3）敘述發事情反追敘或補述更早前發作用完
I knew nothing about this matter, for I had been away forsix month.
於事我所知我已離6月
Some people ran into the street. They had heard a loudnoise.
些跑街聽響嘈雜聲
態致
些句（主要賓語句）謂語詞態受主句謂語詞態影響叫做態致
態致通些情況考慮：
1．主句謂語詞現態或態種情況句謂語詞用任何所需
態：
I know that Mr. Brown is a good teacher.我知道布朗先名師
She believes that he was once a solider.相信前曾名士兵
He will tell us what he is going to do.告訴我要干
2．主句謂語詞某種態種情況句謂語詞面三種情況：
（1）句謂語詞所表示作與主句謂語詞所表示作同發句則需要用
般或進行：
He was wondering where he could put the box.
知道該盒放哪
The students were talking while the teacher was writing onthe blackboard.
師黑板板書說
（2）句謂語詞所表示作發主語謂語作前句則要用完：
The train had left when they got to the station.
達車站火車已經走
He said his father had been dead for twenty years.說父親已經世二十
（3）句謂語詞所表示作發主語謂語作句則要用：
She said she would finish the work tonight.說於今晚完項工作
We knew that it was going to snow.我知道要雪
3．句所說明般真理或客觀事實論主句何態句受影響仍用現態
The boy was told that the moon travels around the earth.男孩告知月亮繞著球轉
Everybody knows that sixty minutes make an hour. 都知道六十鍾

Ⅱ 英語動詞的時態

英語動詞的時態

時態和時間是兩個不同的概念。時間是一種客觀存在的形式，它不依賴於任何一種特定的語言，為所有的文化共有。時態是一種語言的手段，依語言的不同而有所區別，它是屬於動詞的語法范疇。英語動詞時態是以動詞形式變化來表示句子中談到的動作、狀態的時間關系和說話的時間。因此我們可以看到時態和時間兩者間雖然有關系，但不可以混淆。

The plane leaves tomorrow morning. 飛機明晨起飛。
此句中的時態為一般現在時，但是它所表示的時間卻為將來（明晨）

英語動詞的常用時態總共有十六種：
一般現在時 現在進行時 一般過去時 過去進行時
一般將來時 將來進行時 現在完成時 過去完成時
將來完成時 現在完成進行時 過去完成進行時

1． 一般現在時
一般現在時的形式
是以動詞的原形表示的，當主語為第三人稱單數時，做謂語的動詞原形後要加上詞尾-s or –es, 其構成方式列表如下：
情況 構成 例詞
一般情況 詞尾加-s Reads, writes
以ch,sh,s,x,o結尾的詞 詞尾加-es Teaches,washes,guesses, fixes, goes
以輔音字母+Y 結尾的詞 變Y為I，再加-es Tries, carries

但是，動詞to be 和to have 的一般現在時的形式特殊如下：
一般動詞的詞形變化 To be 的詞形變化 To have 的詞形變化
I know it I am a student I have a pen.
You know it. You are a student You have a pen
He (she) knows it. He (she) is a student. He (she)has a pen.
We (you,they) know it. We (you,they) are students. We (you,they) have pens.

一般現在時的功用

1. 表示一直發生的事情，經常發生的動作：
Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
Excuse me, do you speak English?
I get up at 8 o』clock every morning.
It often rains in summer in Beijing.
2. 表示客觀事實或者真理：
Birds fly.
The earth goes around the sun.

3. 談論時間表、旅程表等，如：
What time does the film begin?
The football match starts at 8 o』clock.
Tomorrow is Thursday.

4. 談論籍貫、國籍等，如：
Where do you come from?
I come from China. 你是哪國人？我是中國人。

Where do you come from?
I come from Guangzhou. 你是哪裡人？我是廣州人。

5. 詢問或者引用書籍、通知或新近接到的信箋內容，如：
What does that notice say?
What does Ann say in her letter?
She says she』s coming to Beijing next week.
Shakespears says, 「Neither a borrower or a lender be.」
莎士比亞說：「既不要向人借錢，也不要借錢給別人。」

一般過去時

一般過去時是表示在說話時間以前發生的動作或者狀態的動詞時態，它是英語時態體系中最重要的時態之一。
1) 一般過去時規則動詞的構成形式：
規則動詞在其原形後面加-ed:
to work-worked
以字母e結尾的規則動詞，只加-d:
to love---loved
對所有人稱均無詞形變化。
否定式均由did not + 動詞原形構成
I / you / he / she / they / we did not work.
疑問式均由 did + 主語 + 動詞原形 構成
拼寫注意：
情況 變化 例詞
動詞為單音節，以一個母音字母和一個輔音字母結尾 輔音字母雙寫，再加-ed Stop-stoppedAdmit—admitted
以y結尾的動詞，在y 前為輔音字母時 Y 變為 I ,加 – ed Carry –carriedHurry –hurried
以y 結尾的動詞，在y 前為母音字母時 加—ed Obey—obeyedEnjoy---enjoyed

在英語當中有一部分動詞的過去式變化形式是不規則的，這類動詞被稱為不規則動詞。總數大概不過200多個，但是使用頻率很高。主要分成三類：

1》 第一類不規則動詞的三種形式同形，如：
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hurt hurt hurt
shut shut shut
set set set
注意，有些動詞的過去式與過去分詞有兩中形式，如：
bet bet / betted bet / betted
wed wed / wedded wed / wedded
wet wet / wetted wet / wetted
2》 第二類不規則動詞的過去式和過去分詞同形，如：
bend bent bent
bring brought brought
catch caught caught
hide hid hid / hidden
get got got/ gotten(AmE)
lead led led
3》 第三類不規則動詞的原形、過去式和過去分詞都不相同，如：
原形 過去式 過去分詞
begin began begun
break broke broken
forbid forbade forbidden
grow grew grown
ring rang rung
wake woke / waked woken / waked
此外還有少數不規則動詞的過去分詞與原形相同，如：
come came come
become became become
run ran run

一般過去時的功用
1） 表示一個沒指明具體時間的過去的行動，如：
He worked in that bank for four years. (沒說明起始時間，但是現在不在那裡工作了)。
They once saw Deng Xiaopin.
Did you ever hear BackStreet Boy sing?

2) 表示在過去特定的時間結束的行動，如：
When did you meet him?
I met him yesterday.

When we lived in Phoenix, we studied at Arizona State University.

Where have you been?
I』ve been to the opera.
Did you enjoy it?

3) 表示過去的習慣
He always carried an umbrella.
They never drank wine.

現在完成時的形式
現在完成時由to have 的現在時+過去分詞構成：
肯定式 否定式 疑問式 否定疑問式
I have worked I have not worked Have I worked? Have I not worked?
You have worked You havenot worked Have you worked? Have you not worked?
He (she)has worked. He(she)has not worked. Has he(she) worked? Has he(she) not worked?
We(you / they) have worked. We (you / they) have not worked. Have we (you / they) worked? Have we (you / they) not worked?

緊縮形式

現在完成時的功用
現在完成時可以說成是兼有現在與過去意義的一種復合時態。它與現在有密切聯系，如：
------Oh,dear, I』ve forgotten her name.
和現在的聯系就是 I don』t remember her name now.
------Fort has gone to Canada.
和現在的聯系就是 He is not here. He is in Canada now.

1) 表示延續到現在的動作 （有時是總計做了多少次等）。
How many times have you been to the United States?
She really loves that film. She has seen it eight times.
Tom has lived in Now York all his life.

2) 表示開始與過去而在說話時刻結束的行動，如：
I haven』t seen you for ages. 我好久沒見到你了。（說話時刻已經見到了）
This room hasn』t been cleaned for months. (也許從說話開始時刻就要打掃它了)

3) 表示過去的動作對現在造成的影響，如：
The window has broken.

4) 和最高級連用，表示到現在為止是最……的
What a boring film! It』s the most boring film I』ve ever seen.
Is it a thick book?------Yes, it is the thickest book I』ve ever read.

5) 和句型 This is the first time…, It』s the first time 連用，如：
This is the first time he has driven a car.
(相當於 he has never driven a car before.)

Is this the first time you』ve been in hospital?
Professor Johnson has lost his passport again. It』s the second time he has lost it.

6) 和ever, never, yet, just, already 等副詞連用，如：
Have you ever eaten French cheese?
We have never had a private car.
Has it stopped raining yet? (yet 表示期待雨停止)

Would you like something to eat?
No, thanks. I』ve just had lunch.

Don』t forget to mail the letter, will you?
I』ve already mailed it. (already 表示比預料的要快)

7）與since 連用，since 表示與某一時刻或從句連用，表示「從那一刻到說話時為止」，它總是與完成時連用，如：
She has been here since 6 o』clock.
He hasn』t been himself since the accident. （那次事故後，他從未完全康復）
Since I was a child I have lived in England.

一般過去時與現在完成時的比較

1） 過去時僅僅表示過去，現在完成時還表示與現在的關系，如：
He has lost his key.
He lost his key.

2) 與現在無關的或者過去很久的歷史事件不能用現在完成時
The Chinese invented printing.
Shakespear wrote Hamlet.

3)如果說明動作有特定的過去時間，就不能用現在完成時，如：
Did you see the film on television last night?
Tom lost his key yesterday.
詢問某事發生的具體時間或者地點時（when , what time, where）, when , what time, where）, 用一般過去時，如：
What time did they arrive?
When and where were you born?

比較：

Have you see Ann this moring? ( 說話時仍為上午)
Did you see Ann this morning? ( 說話時為下午)

Jack has lived in London for six years. 還在倫敦住
Jack lived in London for six years. 先不住倫敦了

I have never played golf in my life.
I didn』t play golf when I was on holiday last summer.

現在進行時

現在進行時是由助動詞to be 的現在時 + 現在分詞構成：
肯定式 否定式 疑問式
I am working.You are working.He (she) is working.We (you,they) are working. I am not working.You are not working.He (she) is not working.We (you,they) are not working. Am I working?Are you working?Is he (she) working?Are we (you,they) working?

現在分詞的構成，是在動詞原形上加—ing, 但是應該注意：
情況 變化 例詞
動詞以單個e 結尾 去掉e, 加 ing Love _lovingArgue _ arguing
動詞以 —ee結尾 直接加 ing Agree_ agreeingSee _ seeing
動詞為單音節：以單一母音字母 + 單一輔音字母結尾 輔音字母雙寫，再加 ing Hit _ hittingRun _runningStop _ stopping
動詞為雙音節或者多音節：最後一個音節為重讀音節，以單一母音字母 + 單一輔音字母結尾 輔音字母雙寫，再加 ing Be』gin be』ginningAd』mit ad』mitting
以 y 結尾的動詞 直接加 ing Carry carryingEnjoy enjoying

現在進行時的功用
1） 表示說話時正在發生或者進行的動作
Please don』t make so much noise, I』m studying.
Let』s get out. It isn』t raining any more.

2) 表示在現在相對較長一段時間內正在進行的動作，但是說話一刻不一定在做的動作
Have you heard about Tom? He is building his own house.
David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing.
這些動作，在說話時並不一定在發生或進行，而是在包括說話的一剎那在內的一段時間內發生、進行的。
3）表示最近的確定的安排
Ann is coming tomorrow.
Oh, is she? What time is she arriving?
At 10:15.
Are you meeting her at the station?
I can』t. I』m working tomorrow morning.
以上句子也可以用be going to (do) 的形式來表示。但是談論已確定的安排時候，用現在進行時態顯得更加自然，除非受到動詞的功能的限制。在此，切不可用will, 如：
Alex is getting married next month. 不能用 will get married.

4) 和always 連用表示某種情緒，可能是厭煩也可能是贊揚，如：
Tom is always going away for weekends.
My husband is always doing homework.

有些動詞是表示一種狀態而不是動作，一般不用於進行時。例如，我們一般不說 I am knowing, 而說 I know. 常見的這類動詞有：
want like hate know see hear believe understand seem
think(相信) suppose remember need love realize mean forget prefer have （擁有）belong

To understand is to accept. 理解就是接受
Do you like Beijing?
Do you see the rainbow?
I remember him very well.
I think I understand what he wants.

一般現在時和現在進行時的比較

一般現在時表示的是一般、重復的動作或者事情
現在進行時表示說話時或說話前後正在發生的動作或事情，如：
Tom plays tennis every Sunday.
Where』s Tom? -------He is playing tennis.

What do you do? 你是干什麼工作的？
What are you doing here? 你在這里干什麼？

一般現在時是表示經久的情況，而現在進行時表示的是暫時的，如：
My parents live in Shanghai. They have been there for 50 years.
She』s living with some friends until she can find an apartment.

過去進行時
過去進行時的構成形式為：
I / he /she was
We / they / you were + 動詞的現在分詞

過去進行時的功用
1） 表示在過去某個時間後者某段時間正在進行的動作，如：
When I rang him up, he was having dinner.
This time last year I was living in Shanghai.
What were you doing at 10 o』clock last night?

2) 過去進行時和一般過去時連用，表示在一個動作發生的過程中，發生了另一個動作，如：
It was raining when I got up.
I fell asleep when I was watching television.

3) 過去一般時所說明的動作是已經完成的，而過去進行時不表示正在進行的動作一定會完成，如：
Tom was cooking the dinner.
Tom cooked the dinner.

現在完成進行時
其構成形式如下：
I / we / they have
He / she / it has been + 動詞的現在分詞
功用如下：
1） 表示一個在過去開始而在最近剛剛結束的行動，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?

2) 表示一個從過去開始但仍在進行的行動，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (現在還在下)
Jack hasn』t been feeling very well recently.

3) 表示一個從過去開始延續到現在，可以包括現在在內的一個階段內，重復發生的行動，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.

4) 現在完成時強調動作行為的結果、影響，而現在完成進行時只強調動作行為本身，如：
Tom』s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.

Ⅲ 關於英語各種時態的動詞

英語共有16種時態，時態測試重點主要有：完成時態——現在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時；進行時態——現在進行時、過去進行時、將來進行時、完成進行時；一般時態。

一、一般時態

1、一般現在時

(1)一般現在時表示沒有時限的持久存在的動作或狀態或現階段反復發生的動作或狀態，常和副詞usually，often，always sometimes， regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week等連用。例如：

1)The moon moves round the earth..

2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.

(2)在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment以及if，unless等引導的時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，通常用一般現在時代替將來時。例如：

1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.

2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.

(3)某些表示起始的動詞，可用一般現在時表示按規定、計劃或安排要發生的動作，這類動詞有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave等。例如：

1)The plane leaves at three sharp.

2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.

(4)在由why，what，where，whoever，who，that，as等引導的從句中，也常用一般現在時代替將來時。例如：

1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.

2)You』ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.

2.一般過去時

(1)表示過去某一特定時間所發生的、可完成的動作或狀態，常與表示確切過去時間的詞、短語或從句連用。例如：

We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.

(2)表示過去習慣性動作。例如：

1)He always went to class last.

2)I used to do my homework in the library.

(注意與be used to doing短語的區別)

3.一般將來時

1)表示將來打算進行或期待發生的動作或狀態。例如：

I shall graate next year.

2)幾種替代形式：

1)be going to +v在口語中廣泛使用，表示准備做或將發生的事情。例如：

I』m going to buy a house when we』ve saved enough money.

2)be to +v表示計劃安排要做的事，具有「必要」的強制性意義。例如：

I am to play tennis this afternoon.

3)be about to +v表示即將發生的事情。例如：

He was about to start.

4)be e to +v表示預先確定了的事，必定發生的事。例如：

The train is e to depart in ten minutes.

5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing強調即將發生的某種事態。例如：

The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.

二、進行時態

1.現在進行時

(1)表示現在正在進行的動作，常與now，right now，at the mother，for the time being，for the present等連用。例如：

Don』t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.

(2)表示現階段經常發生的動作，常與always，continually，forever，constantly等連用。例如：

My father is forever criticizing me.

(3)表示根據計劃或安排在最近要進行的事情。具有這種語法功能的動詞僅限於過渡性動詞。即表示從一個狀態或位置轉移到另一個狀態或位置上去的動詞。常用的有：go，come，leave，start，arrive，return等。例如：

They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.

(4)有些動詞不能用進行時，這是一類表示「感覺，感情，存在，從屬」等的動詞。如：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，look，appear，(表示感覺的詞)；hate，love，fear，like，want，wish，prefer，refuse，forgive(表示感情的動詞)；be，exist，remain，stay，obtain(表示存在狀態的動詞)；have，possess，own，contain，belong，consist of，form(表示佔有與從屬的動詞)；understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember(表示思考理解的動詞)。但是如果它們詞義改變，便也可用進行時態。例如：

1)Tom looks pale. What』s wrong with him?

(look在此為聯系動詞，意為「顯得，看上去」)

2)Tom is looking for his books.

(look在此為實義動詞，意為「尋找」)

2.過去進行時

過去進行時表示一個過去的動作發生時或發生後，另一個過去的動作正在進行，或表示過去反復的習慣，常與always，continually，constantly等動詞連用。例如：

1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.

2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.

3.將來進行時

將來進行時主要表示將來某一時刻正在進行的動作，或表示要在將來某一時刻開始，並繼續下去的動作。常用來表示禮貌的詢問、請求等。例如：

1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.

2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?

4.完成進行時

(現在、過去、將來)完成進行時是(現在、過去、將來)完成時的強調形式，將放在完成時態部分講述。

三、完成時態

完成時態通常表示已完成或從事的動作。它可分為：

1.現在完成時

(1)現在完成時用來表示對目前狀況仍有影響的，剛剛完成的動作(常與yet，already，just連用)，或者過去某一時刻發生的，持續到現在的情況(常與for，since連用)。例如：

1)I have just finished my homework.

2)Mary has been ill for three days.

(2)常與現在完成時連用的時間狀語有：since, for, ring, over等引導出的短語；副詞already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；狀語片語this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如：

1)I haven』t been there for five years.

2)So far, she hasn』t enjoyed the summer vacation.

3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.

(3)完成時態可用在下列結構中：

This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定語從句；This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定語從句；This (That, It) is (was) +形容詞最高級+ n +定語從句。如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時，從句的謂語動詞通常用現在完成時；如果主句謂語動詞是一般過去時，從句謂語動詞通常用過去完成時。例如：

(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.

(2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.

2.過去完成時

(1)表示過去某時間前已經發生的動作或情況，這個過去的時間可以用by，before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示；或者表示一個動作在另一個過去動作之前已經完成。例如：

1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.

2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.

(2)動詞expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用過去完成時，表示過去的希望、預期、意圖或願望等沒有實現。例如：

I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn』t able to get away.

另外兩種表示「過去想做而未做的事」的表達方式是：

1)was / were + to have done sth,例如：

We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn』t.

2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如：

I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.

(3)過去完成時常用於以下固定句型：

1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 過去完成時+ when + 過去時。例如：

Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.

2)no sooner +過去完成時+ than +過去時。例如：

No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.

3)by (the end of ) +過去時間，主句中謂語動詞用過去完成時。例如：

The experiment had been finished by 4 o』clock yesterday afternoon.

3.將來完成時

將來完成時表示在將來某一時刻將完成或在另一個未來的動作發生之前已經完成的動作；也可以用來表示一種猜測。常與將來完成時連用的時間狀語有：by (the time / the end of ) +表示將來時間的短語和句子；before (the end of ) +表示將來時間的詞語或句子；when, after等加上表示將來動作的句子等。例如：

1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.

2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o』clock.

3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.

4.完成進行時

完成進行時是完成時的強調形式，有現在完成進行時，過去完成進行時，將來完成進行時。

(1)現在完成進行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直延續到過去某一時刻。例如：

I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven』t found it.

(2)過去完成進行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直延續到過去某一時刻。例如：

It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.

(3)將來完成進行時表示在將來某一時刻之前開始的一個動作或狀態一直延續到將來某一時刻。例如：

By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.

四：時態一致

時態一致是英語四、六級考試的一個重要內容。通常應由主句謂語的時態決定從句的謂語時態。一般原則是：

1、當主句謂語使用現在時或將來時，從句的謂語根據具體情況使用任何時態

He says that he lives in Wuhan.

We hope that there will be many people at your party today.

「Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?」 「Yes, but I don』t know who bought it.」

「There』s a lot of excitement on the street.」

「There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?」

2、當主句謂語使用過去時的時候，從句的謂語必須使用過去范圍的時態

He said he was writing a novel.

The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.

He said his father had been an engineer.

3、當從句是表示沒有時間概念的真理時，從句的謂語應使用一般現在時。例如：

The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.

註：在此種情況下，即使主句謂語用了過去式的各種時態，從句謂語也應用一般現在時。

4、從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣的情況

利用時態一致原則確定從句動詞時態時，還應注意，若主語動詞是表示命令、請求、要求、建議、勸告等的動詞，從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣，不能遵循時態一致原則。例如：

We insisted that we do it ourselves.

動詞的語態

語態也是動詞的一種形式，英語有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，而被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。

1)We use electricity to run machines. (主動語態)

2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被動語態)

1.不能用於被動語態的動詞和短語

(1)在英語中，不及物動詞不能用於被動語態，但有些不及物動詞(包括短語)容易引起誤用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。

(2)某些表示狀態或特徵的及物動詞，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也沒有被動語態。

2.被動語態的時態形式

常用的被動語態有表1所列的幾種時態形式。

表1

時?SPAN lang=EN-US> 一般時 進行時 完成時

現在 am asked am being asked

is asked is being asked

are asked are being asked

過去

was be asked was being asked

were be asked were being asked

將來 shall be asked shall have been asked

will be asked will have been asked

過去 should be asked should have been asked

將來 would be asked would have been asked

3.短語動詞的被動語態

短語動詞轉換為被動語態時，通常被看作是一個動詞，後面的介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略。例如：

1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.

2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.

4.「get + -ed分詞」的被動語態

「get + -ed分詞」結構強調動作的結果，而非動作本身，常用來表示突發性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如：

The boy got hurt on his way home from work.

另外，「get + -ed分詞」還可用於談論為自己做的事，是主動的行為而不是被動的行為。例如：

get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(離婚)

get engaged(訂婚) get confused(迷惑不解)

get lost(迷路) get washed(洗臉)

get married(結婚)

5.能帶兩個賓語和復合賓語的動詞改為被動語態

(1)能帶兩個賓語的動詞改為被動語態時，一次只能由一個賓語作主語，另一個賓語被保留下來。例如：

1)We showed the visitors our new procts.(主動語態)

2)The visitors were shown our new procts.(被動語態)

3)Our new procts were shown to the visitors.(被動語態)

(2)能帶復合賓語的動詞改為被動語態時，原來的賓語補足語變為主語補足語。例如：

1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主動語態)

2)He was appointed League secretary.(被動語態)

6.被動語態與系表結構的區別

(1)The novel was well written.(系表結構)

(2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被動語態)

7.少數動詞的主動語態有時有被動的意思

例1：The book is selling remarkably well.

例2：The song sounds very beautiful.

能這樣用的動詞還有read(讀起來)，clean(擦起來)，wash(洗起來)，write(寫起來)。

例3：My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).

能像need這樣用的動詞還有：want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。

例4：The meat is cooking.

例5：The book written by the professor is printing.

Ⅳ 英語動詞時態是什麼

英語中不同時間和方式發生的動作或狀態要用謂語動詞的不同形式來表示，這種表示動作或狀態發生時間和方式的動詞形式稱作動詞時態。時間主要有四個主要部分，即現在、過去、將來和過去將來。動作方面也有四種，即一般、完成、進行和完成進行。把這些時間和動作方面結合在一起就構成16種動詞時態。（以play為例）具體表述如下：1、一般現在時（We
play)；2、一般過去時(We
palyed)；3、一般將來時(We
will
play)；4、一般過去將來時(We
would
play)；5、現在進行時(We
are
playing)；6、過去進行時(We
were
playing)；7、將來進行時(We
will
be
playing)；8、過去將來進行時(We
would
be
playing)；9、現在完成時(We
have
played)；10、過去完成時(We
had
played)；11、將來完成時(We
will
have
played)；12、過去將來完成時(We
would
have
played)；13、現在完成進行時(We
have
been
playing)；14、過去完成進行時(We
had
been
playing)；15、將來完成進行時(We
will
have
been
playing)；16、過去將來完成進行時(We
would
have
been
playing)。
其實是英語動詞的時和體.時有現在,過去,將來和過去將來;體有一般,完成,進行和完成進行.而態有2種,即主動和被動.

Ⅳ 英語動詞中有多少種時態

英語中總共有16個時態：1.現在式：一般時（例：he works hard表示他工作努力）進行時（例：he is reading表示他正在閱讀）完成時（例：he have finished it表示他已完成了）完成進行時（例：he have been writting it for two hours表示他已經寫了兩個小時了）2.過去式：一般時（例：he worked hard表示他過去工作很努力）進行時（例：he was reading last night表示他昨晚在閱讀）完成時（例：he had finished it since you arrived.表示在你到達之前他已完成）完成進行時（例：he had been writting it表示他過去就已經在寫了)3.將來式：一般時（例：he will work hard表示他將努力工作）進行時（例：he will be reading表示他將會閱讀的）完成時（例：he will have finished it by the time of tomorrow表示明天之前他將完成）完成進行時（例：he will have been staying there for ten years by the time of next month表示到下個月，他將呆在那兒十年了)4.過去將來式一般時（例：he would work hard表示他過去工作努力)進行時(例：he would be working hard表示他過去一段時間在努力工作著)完成時（例：he would have finished it by the last month表示他到上個月為止就將完成任務)完成進行時（例：he would have been staying there for ten years by the time of last month表示到上個月為止，他在那裡差不多呆了十年之久)區別與聯系：現在一般時與現在完成時1.I come from Shanghai(上海人)I have come from Shanghai（從上海來）2.You read very well. (強調能力)Youve read very well. （強調一次剛完成的動作）3.I forget.(一時想不起來了)I have forgotten.（仍沒想起來，可能已回憶起來了現在一般時與現在進行時1.He works hard.（強調始終如一）He is working hard.（強調現在）2.What do you do? (干什麼工作的)What are you doing?（在干什麼）3.Here comes the bus! (表高興和欣慰) The bus is coming.（汽車到來的情景）現在完成時與過去一般時1.Ive seen him this morning.(還在上午的時間里)I saw him this morning.(時間已不在上午了)2.Whos opened the window? (窗戶還在開著)Who opened the window? (與現在無關,窗戶可能已關上)3.Have you ever heard him sing? (他可能不是愛唱歌)Did you ever hear him sing?(你曾聽過他唱歌嗎,他可能是歌唱家)過去完成時與過去一般時1.I came here after I finished middle school.(兩個動作每間隔)I came here after I had finished middle school.(兩個動作有間隔,強調先後概念)2.I waited till I saw him.I waited till I had seen him. (這兩個句子差不多,過去完成時更普遍)3.We hoped he would come.(我們希望他來)We had hoped he would come.(我們本希望他來的)過去進行時與過去一般時1.I read a book yesterday. (書已看完)I was reading a book yesterday.(書尚未看完)2.The guests arrived.(客人已到)The guests were arriving.(客人陸續到達)3.He woke from a dream. (表示全醒)He was waking from a dream.(表示初醒)將來一般時與現在進行時1.Will he come? Is he coming?(時間發生的比較近)2.Shell have a baby. (表示肯定)Shes going to have a baby.(表示推測,計劃)3.Ill see him this evening.(表示意願)Im seeing him this evening.(表示打算,已有安排)現在一般時與過去一般式1.Do you wish to see me?Did you wish to see me?(表示婉轉客氣)2.Thats all I have to say.(我的話就這些)Thats all I had to say.(我要說的就這些)3. How do you like the film? (看電影過程中)How did you like the film?(看完電影後)現在完成時與現在完成進行時1.Someone has phoned you.(打了電話)Someone has been phoning you.(一直在打電話)2.Ive read the novel.(已讀完)Ive been reading the novel.(還沒讀完)3.He has lived here for six weeks.He has been living here for six weeks. (區別不大,後者更口語化)現在一般時與過去完成時1.I hope that hell come.I had hoped he would come.(與事實相反)(經常這樣用的詞有:expect, think, intend, mean, suppose)