歷史英文
It has a long history .
分析：
1、這是抄一個主謂賓襲結構的簡單句。根據句子意思是一般現在時，主語是第三人稱單數，謂語動詞have要用has。
2、句子成分分析：
主語：It
謂語：has
賓語：a long history
Ⅱ 歷史的英文怎麼說
history
history 英[ˈhɪstri] 美[ˈhɪstəri]
n. 歷史，歷史學; 發展史; 履歷，經歷; （某地的） 沿革;
[例句]The Catholic Church has played a prominent role throughout Polish history.
天主教會在整個波蘭歷史上曾發揮過舉足輕重的作用。
[其他] 復數：histories
Ⅲ 中國的歷史用英語有哪些
the history of China
Ⅳ 奧林匹克運動會歷史(英文)
History of the Olympic Games
Pindar, the Greek poet wrote in the 5th century BC:"As in the daytime there is no star in the sky warmer and brighter than the sun, likewise there is no competition greater than the Olympic Games.
According to historic records, the first ancient Olympic Games can be traced back to 776 BC. They were dedicated to the Olympian Gods and were staged on the ancient plains of Olympia. Initially they had a religious character and combined a number of ancient sporting events, many of which were based on ancient Greek myths.
The ancient Games actually occupied an important position in the life of the Greek ancestors. An Olympiad was a time unit, measuring the four-year interval between two Games. Participants came to compete from every corner of the Greek world aiming at the ultimate prize: an olive wreath and a "heroic" return to their city-states. But apart from the glorious victory, it was the Olympic values themselves which accorded special meaning to the Games: noble competition and the effort to combine body, will, and mind in a balanced whole.
As the Games developed, so did a set of proceres such as a standardized schele of events and the practice of the Olympic Truce. They continued for nearly 12 centuries, until Emperor Theodosius decreed, in 393 AD, that all such 'pagan cults' be banned. He asserted that the Games placed an excessive public focus on athletic and spiritual affairs. The games was abolished until the 19th Century. Intellectuals such as Evangelos Zappas and Demetrios Vikelas who believed in the spirit of noble contests and the Olympic ideals, lent their voices and efforts to the revival of the Olympic Games.
However, it was French Baron Pierre de Coubertin who orchestrated the re-establishment of the Games, by advocating the marriage of sports and Greek classicism, leading the way to the first Modern Olympic Games in 1896.
The Greek public embraced the revival, and joined the efforts to organize the Games. Any financial difficulties faced by the Greek state at the time, were met through the mobilization of people and benefactors alike. The marble renovation of the ancient Panathinaikon Stadium that hosted the first modern Games was financed by George Averoff, a Greek benefactor from Northern Greece.
With the revival of the Olympic Games, a number of symbolic Olympic Traditions were also developed and established (i.e. the Olympic Anthem, the Olympic Creed, the Olympic Flag, the Olympic Flame and Torch).
Over the years, the Olympic Games traveled to different countries and continents, and now finally in 2004, they returned to the country of their birth and the city of their revival for the hosting of the XXVIII Modern Olympic Games.
公元前五世紀的希臘抒情詩人品達曾寫道：「正如在白天天空中沒有星星比太陽更溫暖，更明亮，同樣，沒有比奧運會更激烈的比賽。
據歷史記載，第一屆古代奧運會可以追溯到公元前776年，為紀念奧林匹亞神在奧林匹亞的古代平原上舉行。起初他們信仰宗教並綜合了許多古代運動項目，其中很多都源於古希臘神話。
古代奧運會在古希臘人的生活中占據了很重要的地位。奧運會每四年舉行一屆，來自希臘各地的參賽者參與角逐，目標就是最終獎賞：一個橄欖花圈和「英雄」般的返鄉。除去勝利的光榮，奧林匹克價值本身賦予了奧運會特殊的意義：高尚競爭，把身體、意志和精神平衡的結合於一體。
隨著奧運會的發展，一系列程序，如標准化的項目時間表和奧林匹克休戰的實踐也在完善。這樣持續了近 12個世紀，直到西奧多斯大帝在公元393年頒布法令，取締所有「異教徒」。他宣稱，奧運會使公眾過於注意運動及精神。 18世紀，奧運會被廢止。知識分子們，如塞帕斯和維克拉斯，堅信高尚比賽的精神和奧林匹克理想，為復興奧運會而努力奔波。
法國人顧拜旦通過提倡運動和希臘古典主義的結合，使奧運會復興起來，為1896年第一屆現代奧運會的舉行鋪平了道路。
希臘民眾迎接了奧運會的復興，並努力組織起了這次奧運會。當時希臘政府所面臨的資金難題，都被人民和捐助者所解決。舉行第一屆現代奧運會的古潘那斯那康體育場，其大理石更新便是由來自希臘北部的捐助者艾沃奧夫資助的。
隨著奧運會的復興，形成了很多具有象徵意義的奧運會傳統，如奧林匹克 會歌、奧林匹克格言、奧林匹克旗、奧林匹克火焰和火炬。
經過許多年，奧運會旅行了許多不同的大陸和國家，今年，也就是2004年，她回到了自己的出生地，回到了當年復興的城市，舉行第 28屆現代奧運會。
Ⅳ 加拿大歷史簡介英文版
加拿大歷史簡介英文版：
Canada
Few countries in the world offer as many choices to the traveller as Canada. Whether your passion is skiing, sailing, museum-combing or inlging in exceptional cuisine, Canada has it all. Western Canada is renowned for its stunningly beautiful countryside; Eastern Canada mixes the flavor and charm of Europe with the bustle of trendy New York; wildlife viewing is at its best in Northern Canada; and, everywhere, you will be surprised by how much more there is to this country than just maple syrup and Mounties.
However, Canada also has its fair share
of unsavory history. Traces of up to a dozen distinct groups of Inuit (Eskimos – Canada』s indigenous peoples) have been discovered across Canada』s far northern regions. The Inuit maintain that traditional lands were taken from them by force or subterfuge by previous governments, bearing some resemblance to the plight of the Aborigines in Australia.
However, there have been some small measures to tackle their remonstrations: in 1991, a 350,000 sq km (135,135 sq miles) area of the Northwest Territories was relinquished to the Inuit as the semi-autonomous Nunavut territory; and additional lands and measures of self-government were granted to the territory in 1999. There is certainly room in Canada to accommodate for these peoples: despite Canada』s gigantic size, the country is sparsely populated. Most people congregate around urban centers, and venturing into more remote rural areas, you may well have only the country』s stunning scenery as your companion.
Indeed, Canada is so beautifully diverse that it makes it that little bit easier to comprehend why so many people fought for possession of it. During the 17th century, the Anglo-French war over Canada ended with the capitulation of the French Canadian capital, Québec, to the besieging forces of the English General Wolfe. The Americans made a number of efforts to seize control of Britain』s Canadian territories after British defeat in the American War of Independence, but failed, and the two countries thereafter evolved along different historical paths. In 1791, Canada was divided between regions occupied by the English-speaking and the longer-established French-speaking community, but the arrangement did not work and was replaced by a unified system.
Canada now promotes itself as a country of peace, most notably in recent times in its opposition to the US-led war against Iraq. Canada governs itself independently but still has the British monarch as its head of state, with relatively little dissent. These factors are typical of a country that somehow succeeds in unifying incredible range: whatever your passion, Canada has a place for it. After all, this country spans six time zones and borders three of the world』s four oceans.
Geography
Canada is bordered to the west by the Pacific Ocean and Alaska, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the northeast by Greenland, and to the south by the 『Lower 48』 of the USA. The polar ice cap lies to the north. The landscape is diverse, ranging from the Arctic tundra of the north to the great prairies of the central area. Westward are the Rocky Mountains, and in the southeast are the Great Lakes, the St Lawrence River and Niagara Falls. The country is divided into 10 provinces and three territories. A more detailed description of each province can be found under the separate provincial entries.
Ⅵ 英語的發展史
盧恩語(Futhark)→古英語(即盎格魯-撒克遜語)(Old English、Anglo-Saxon)→英國英語(English)
1.英語的發展要追溯到公元410年，羅馬人離開不列顛之後，日耳曼部族包括盎格魯、薩克遜開始湧入。
2.羅馬人走了，沒有留下他們使用的拉丁語。反倒是實用的盎格魯薩克遜語言進入到當地人的語言，帶去了新的詞彙。
3.公元597年，基督教傳入英國。基督教的流行，使當地人更容易接受拉丁文的怪字，如「martyr（烈士）」, 「bishop」和 「font」。
4.公元800年，丹麥人入侵英國。維京語言給英語帶來了好戰意味明顯的詞彙，英語中共有2000個詞彙源於維京人。
5.1066年,征服者威廉入侵不列顛，帶來了來自海峽對岸的法語。法語成為了上層階級與官方事務用語。總的來講，英文大概從諾曼語中吸收了一萬多個單詞。
6.1337 年，英法百年戰爭開始。在這116年的爭斗中，英語吸收了法語中的戰爭詞彙，如「armies」, 「navies」 及 「soldiers「， 並逐步取代法語，成為當權者的語言。
7.100年之後誕生了莎士比亞。字典告訴我們，莎士比亞大概發明了2000多個新字，包括好用的詞彙還有很多當時的流行詞彙。
8.1611年出現了詹姆士王版聖經。新聖經使用了所有人都能理解的語言，使得聖經中的教訓不再是「王宮粉牆上」的文字，而是手中的小冊，並有傳教士在每間教堂宣傳。
9.17世紀，科學得到了迅速的發展。皇家學院的科學家們一開始用拉丁文溝通，後來發現其實用自己的母語英文會更簡潔。新事物的發現產生了許多新的詞彙。
10.在日不落帝國迅速擴張時期，英語從殖民地不同的語言中吸收了許多新的詞彙與表達。據統計，在1815年到1914年期間，新變種的英文得以在世界各地發展。
11.隨著英文向四面八方擴張，詞典編纂者也隨之出現，這些人想要解決拼字不統一的無政府狀態。於是約翰遜博士花了九年編成了一本英文字典，促成了拼寫的統一。
12.英語由古代從丹麥等斯堪的納維亞半島以及德國、荷蘭及周邊移民至不列顛群島的盎格魯、撒克遜以及朱特部落的白人所說的語言演變而來，並通過英國的殖民活動傳播到了世界各地。
13.在19至20世紀，英國以及美國在文化、經濟、軍事、政治和科學在世界上的領先地位使得英語成為一種國際語言。如今，許多國際場合都使用英語做為溝通媒介。
(6)歷史英文擴展閱讀
古英語受低地日耳曼語影響很大，比如動詞，基本詞彙，發音，復合詞結構，形態變化很復雜，但是與現代的標准德語還是有很大的區別。
現代英語並非起源或演變自羅曼語族亦或是法語，但是數萬現代英語詞彙，很大一部分來自法語，約5萬英語詞彙與法語接近甚至是完全相同，現代英語和多數現代歐洲語言都改用字母拼寫。
現代英語所使用的拼寫字母，也是完全借用了26個字母。所謂「英語字母」，就是古羅馬人在書寫時所使用的拼寫字母。
英語開始以拉丁字母作為拼寫系統大約是在公元六世紀盎格魯撒克遜時代。
參考資料
英語-網路
Ⅶ 歷史 英文
回顧19世紀歷史學作為一門學科建立初始，就曾經出現對該學科定位上的論爭。一方主張仿照自然科學的範式來構建歷史學，他們宣稱：「歷史學，一門不折不扣的科學」；而另一方則主張按文學藝術等人文學科的範式來構建歷史學，他們聲稱：「克萊奧，一位繆斯」，意指歷史之神是藝術之神，同科學無緣。此後，就歷史學能否作為科學加以建構這個根本性問題，就一直縈繞在歷史學研究者的心中，不管是否明確地表達，每個歷史研究者都有對歷史學定位的認識，並按照這種認識來進行具體的歷史研究。歷史哲學研究者還專門就歷史學的科學性問題展開討論。最初的歷史哲學集中於對歷史發展過程本身、亦即歷史本體進行思考，力求揭示歷史的發展規律。這一派歷史哲學研究後來被稱為思辯的歷史哲學，黑格爾、施本格勒、湯因比等是其代表。但他們所說的歷史發展規律，不外乎歸因於上帝或絕對精神之類的超驗意志，或者類比生物或人體的生長、成熟、死亡的必然性，這種宿命式的規律觀，自然缺少可信性。於是歷史哲學研究轉向了歷史認識是如何可能的認識論問題上，即通過考察歷史研究者是如何研究歷史、歷史知識又是如何形成的來確定歷史學的性質，給歷史學以定位。這一派歷史哲學被稱為分析或批判的歷史哲學，克羅齊、柯林武德等是其代表。他們認為，歷史研究充滿了研究者的主體性干預，從課題的選擇到研究資料的取捨、再到歷史敘事的編排、歷史解釋的構建、直到歷史現象的價值評判，都脫離不開歷史研究者的主體性干預。在他們的認識里，研究者主體保持價值中立是不可能做到的。因此，歷史學的科學性受到更進一步的質疑。但是，一些致力於維護歷史學科學地位的學者也在做著不懈的努力。像二戰後以法國年鑒學派和美國新經濟史學派為代表的新史學就是在努力將歷史學作為科學來加以建構的。前者嘗試通過整合各門社會科學研究方法來建構「總體史」，以求揭示長時段的深層歷史結構，並依此而賦予歷史學的科學地位以合法性；後者則嘗試吸納經濟學的計量方法研究歷史上的一些可計量現象，並依據向社會科學中最具科學外觀的學科的看齊來賦予歷史學的科學地位以合法性。但由於年鑒學派在整合跨學科方法上的失敗而重新走向各學科方法的分立的「碎化」和新經濟史學派濫用數學計量工具，最終未能取得令人滿意的進展。這些在歷史學科學性問題上的反復爭論，反映出歷史學不同於其他社會科學的特殊性，其根本性的症結就在於歷史學研究對象的特殊性，它研究的是往昔舊事，既不能重現、又無法貼近觀察，更無法反復實驗與檢驗。這種研究對象的特殊性，顯然無法沿用自然科學流行的實證主義的評價標准來確認它的科學性。實證主義的科學評價標准就是通過反復證實來確認研究發現和解釋的科學真理性，在這一點上，以現實為研究對象的經濟學和社會學都相比歷史學有一定的優勢，它們也被稱為社會科學中最「硬」的、也就是最類似於自然科學的學科。
Recalling the 19th-century history as a discipline to establish the initial on the location of the discipline have appeared on the controversy. One party is modeled on the paradigm of natural sciences to build a history, they declared: "History, an out-of science"; while the other is expounded by the literature and the humanities and arts paradigm to build a history, they claim: "Clio, a Muse," meaning of history that God is the god of the arts, with science and missed. Since then, the history of science to be able to build this as a fundamental issue has been lingering in the minds of researchers of history, whether or not clearly expressed,
Every historical researcher has a right understanding of historical location and in accordance with this understanding to carry out a specific historical research. Philosophy of history researchers also specifically on the history of science issues to discuss. The initial philosophy of history concentrated on the historical development process itself, which is to reflect on the history ontology, and strive to reveal the laws of historical development. This school of historical studies in philosophy came to be known as the speculative philosophy of history, Hegel, Spengler, Toynbee and others are their representatives. But they say the laws of historical development, nothing more than e to the spirit of God, or the like is absolutely transcendent will, or the analogy of biological or human growth, into a
Cooked, the inevitability of death, this type of fatalistic view of the law, natural lack of credibility. Historical studies in philosophy then turned to the historical understanding of how the possible epistemological issue, that is by looking at historical researcher is how to study history, historical knowledge is formed to determine how the nature of history, giving history to locate. This school of philosophy of history is known as analysis or criticism of the history of philosophy, Croce, Collingwood and others are their representatives. In their view, full of historical research, the main intervention researchers, from the choice of topics to research information on trade-offs, to the historical narrative of the schele, the historical interpretation of the building, until the
Judge the value of historical phenomena, are inseparable from the history off the main researcher intervention. In their understanding, the researchers maintain the value of the main neutral is impossible. Therefore, the history of science being further questioned. However, some committed to maintaining the scientific status of history scholars are making unremitting efforts. Like the Second World War the French Annales School and the United States were represented by the new economic historians of the New History is history in the effort to be constructed as a science. The former try to pass the entire
All the various social science research methods to construct "general history" in order to reveal the long run, the deep historical structures, and so the history of science to give legitimacy to the status; the latter is trying to absorb the history of economics measurement method Some can be measured on the phenomenon and the social sciences based on the appearance of most scientific disciplinesLine to give historical legitimacy to the scientific status. However, as the Annales school on an interdisciplinary approach in the integration of the failure of re-separation of methods of various disciplines into a "fragmentation" and the new economic historians were abused mathematical measurement tools, ultimately failed to achieve satisfactory progress. These history repeatedly on the issue of scientific debate, reflecting the history is different from other social sciences are unique, its fundamental crux of the problem lies in the particularity of the object of historical studies, it is the study of old things past, we can not re - now, and could not close observation, let alone repeated experiments and tests. The particularity of this study,
Obviously can not follow the popular positivist natural science evaluation criteria to make sure it's scientific. Positivist scientific evaluation criterion is confirmed by repeated to confirm findings and interpretation of scientific truth, at this point, to be realistic for the study of economics and sociology are compared to the historical study has some advantages, they are also known as the social sciences, the most "hard", that is most similar to the natural science subjects.
Ⅷ 中國歷史,英文
Chinese civilization originated in various regional centers both along the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys in the Neolithic era. The written history of China can be found as early as the Shang Dynasty (ca. 1700 BCE – ca. 1046 BCE).[1] Oracle Bones with ancient Chinese writing from the Shang Dynasty have been carbon dated to as early as 1500 BCE.[2] The origins of Chinese culture, literature and philosophy, developed ring the Zhou Dynasty (1045 BCE to 256 BCE).The Zhou Dynasty began to bow to external and internal pressures in the 8th century BCE. The ability of the Zhou to control its regional lords lessened, and the kingdom eventually broke apart into indivial smaller states, beginning in the Spring and Autumn Period and reaching full expression in the Warring States period. In 221 BCE, Qin Shi Huang united the various warring kingdoms and created the first Chinese empire. Successive dynasties in Chinese history developed bureaucratic systems that enabled the Emperor of China to directly control vast territories.The conventional view of Chinese history is that of a dynasty alternating between periods of political unity and disunity and occasionally becoming dominated by other inner Asian peoples, most of whom were in turn assimilated into the Han Chinese population. Cultural and political influences from many parts of Asia, carried by successive waves of immigration, expansion, and cultural assimilation, are part of the modern culture of China.
Ⅸ 英語歷史
以下是於九世紀下半(約當中土晚唐時期)開始寫的《盎格魯薩克遜編年史》
(Anglo-saxon Chronicle) 其中較早期兩段的轉寫摘錄。該份已多以現代字母形轉寫的原文當中,
如阿拉伯數字"7"形狀的符號, 是 and (&), 不是數字。
這里可見到以古英文所寫的盎格魯薩克遜編年史 手稿書寫形式樣本。
(當時也只有手抄本, 活版印刷是十五世紀的事了)
→ anglo-saxon chronicl
是「古英語」時期的英語寫就的英文。
原文其下緊接著以"---"號隔開的, 是現代英語文轉譯。
「古英語」, "Old English", 或稱盎格魯薩克遜語, 這個名稱, 是概括西元約十二世紀(中土北宋時期)
往前推到西元五世紀盎格魯/薩克遜/朱特人開始侵入不列顛島, 那段約五六百年期間的英語。
以下則為 莎士比亞(AD 1564-1616, 約明萬曆年間), 其《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet)劇本當中有名的
一段獨白。 是「早期現代英語」時期的英文, 但下文已多以現代英文拼字法轉拼寫。
這里有莎士比亞的墓誌銘的相片/圖片, 以當時英文書寫形式所銘刻的墓誌銘,
以及大約同時期的一些文本: → epitaph of shakespeare
「早期現代英語」, "Early Modern English", 這時期是從約十六世紀起算, 有學者往後斷代至
十七世紀中葉, 亦有甚或斷至十八世紀末者。是 中古英語 跟 現代英語 的承上啟下時期。
以下文本的拼字跟標點, 多已循現代英文慣例, 就不附現代英語譯文了。
********************************************************************
To be, or not to be: that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep;
To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub;
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,
Must give us pause: there's the respect
That makes calamity of so long life;
For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,
The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely,
The pangs of despised love, the law's delay,
The insolence of office and the spurns
That patient merit of the unworthy takes,
When he himself might his quietus make
With a bare bodkin? who would fardels bear,
To grunt and sweat under a weary life,
But that the dread of something after death,
The undiscover'd country from whose bourn
No traveller returns, puzzles the will
And makes us rather bear those ills we have
Than fly to others that we know not of?
Thus conscience does make cowards of us all;
And thus the native hue of resolution
Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought,
And enterprises of great pith and moment
With this regard their currents turn awry,
And lose the name of action.
********************************************************************
四、過來就是現代英語, 文本垂手可得, 就不另列。
跟過去三四千年來, 直到約一百年前的廿世紀初年, 一直以和口語白話不是扣得很緊的文言文體,
且以跟語音不是緊密連結同時有表意作用的漢字, 所書寫的漢字古文獻來相較,
英文在僅約一千年多一點的時間當中的推移變化至今,
其不同期間的互為差別, 是大多了。
Ⅹ 「歷史」用英文怎麼說
annals: [