英語論文開題報告
① 寫一個英文論文開題報告
Name is translation often occurred in ingredients. It seemingly small component, but it is bad to can cause many misunderstandings and then. Translation even difficult difficult in its profound cultural connotations, and the source language and target language different expression and accept culture way. To appropriate and scientifically translation gaudentia, must comprehend the profound cultural connotation and to follow certain translation principles, make even in both languages can be correctly understood, and do not break the source language characteristic. This paper tries to Chinese name cultural differences, naming conventions comparison, Chinese and western literature works named after people cultural connotation and so on several aspects to explore even translation principles. A Chinese and western even cultural differences Name and name from 1.1 arranged sequencing see Chinese and western names cultural differences Have surnamed famous common features of the eastern and western people, but in the name of the permutation order is inverted: Chinese (li si) name permutation order is: the name is prior, name behind, While the westerners (George Bush) name permutation order by contrast, name prior, surname last. This surname and name different permutation order is east of traditional culture in different names. Name embodied on the code, and embody family name is indivial code of Chinese and western names. In this name and name permutation order is orientals in "universality and indiviality" relationship held by different idea reflected. In general supreme, "three cardinal guides emphasizes so-called p-five" of Chinese traditional culture, which is inevitable represents the fathers, family's "surname" prior, who represent the indivial, human symbols -- "name" last. By contrast, westerners are stress indivial character, respect personal independent personality and subject consciousness, therefore represent personality conception of "name" were put in front, and represents the common surname "concept" rear. The Chinese to "surname" hotly-contested three-week dash across, inspect if "sacred", While the westerners to "surname" is watching very light, very casually. Second, the Chinese and western naming conventions comparison 2.1 named principle Chinese name of total principle is: the form significance is beautiful, choose lucky words: such as "happiness", "wealth", "ting" etc, Or choose refined characters, such as "jia", "ag.bone" etc. We compare the Anglo-American name: Nancy (Nancy, meaning "elegant", Helen (Helen, meaning "sunshine", Frances (Frances, meaning "freedom", it can be seen in principle differences. Naming names from the west principle can be reflected in this sentence, that is "take a good name is better than riches", But Chinese naming principles might as well as "auspicious life, summarize grave life". 2.2 naming convention Chinese naming rich and colorful, reflects the nation in different social, different era of ideas, meanwhile reflected people's aspirations, ideal, etc. (1) the birth horoscope name. This is the Chinese a named custom, birth horoscope and gold, wood, water, fire and earth "five elements" to calculate, see lack a printing line is used the word name, like "f", "water", "sawasaki sichuan, etc; RunTu" Westerners natural don't believe this sets. (2) to be born time fame. Such as "chunsheng", "dawn", "song", Western naming, no this method. (3) ranking order name. Such as: "zhang SAN", "li si", "the king", The Anglo-American children ranked according to metal, such as: "ranking arrangement for the Gold (long children Gold) : Gold and Silver (Silver for children times) : ShiEr eph. (4) parents surname name. Such as: father's song, mother's name Korea, daughter named SongHan (harmonics). (5) to parents look forward to name. Such as: LiFuQin, Ruth (rose), meaning "beauty". (6) birthplace name. Such as: WangHuSheng, Scott (Scott), etc. . (7) on animals and plants for life. Such as: dragon, wild goose, tiger, chicken, rumei, Ephraim; etc. British and American names: started (Rose), Lily (lilies), etc. In addition, there are many Chinese to fame, use fixed degress word mean generation degress, make a cycle, from generation to generation. Three, sino-foreign literature works named after people cultural connotation of perspective Works of literature creation, character name selection is very important. Because in the characters, according to the purpose of writing, in order to deeply reveal characters' personalities, indicating that the fate of the characters, and end always carefully and cautiously for character select name. And, as in the names and nico panov society in his book "the more famous said, master, the more for his work carefully choose name hero." this means its connotation more rich, translation should be more ZiZhenGouZhuo, certain translation guiding principle is necessary. To sum up, the Chinese and western names reflect the differences between Chinese and western culture differences. Names is the carrier of culture and the mirror image, names and cultural change together. In symbiosis named after people more reflects different customs. Literary works named after people usually have clew character and the connotation of destiny. In translation names to follow "name from master", "conventional", "brief" principle of literary works middleman. The name of the translation and processing according to different circumstances, follow the coexistence and free translation, "" principle and" translate "refer to the significance of names principle.
課題研究的步驟，主要是指需要經過哪幾步程序才能達到研究的目的。內所以在這一部分作者需要仔容細思考整個課題需要哪幾步才能完成。它的基本步驟一般包含以下幾步，准備階段、查閱資料階段、實地考察階段、問卷調查階段、采訪階段、資料的分析整理階段、對本課題的總結與反思階段，只要抓住這幾步就可以。
③ 英語專業跨文化論文開題報告怎麼寫
開題報告包括綜述、關鍵技術、可行性分析和時間安排等四個方面 。由於開題報告是用文字體現的論文總構想,因而篇幅不必過大,但要把計劃研究的課題、如何研究、理論適用等主要問題寫清楚。開題報告一般為表格式，它把要報告的每一項內容轉換成相應的欄目，這樣做，既避免遺漏;又便於評審者一目瞭然，把握要點。
開題報告的內容一般包括:題目、理論依據(畢業論文選題的目的與意義、國內外研究現狀)、研究方案(研究目標、研究內容、研究方法、研究過程、擬解決的關鍵問題及創新點)、條件分析(儀器設備、協作單位及分工、人員配置)、課題負責人、起止時間、報告提綱等。
④ 英語論文開題報告怎麼寫
開題報告，老師一般會給模板，還要看你題目是什麼。這是我的開題報告，你參考一下吧。
課題名稱
An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese
試析顏色詞的中英文化內涵差異
課題來源
Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor
一、課題背景及意義 （課題的立題依據及研究意義）
Research Background:
A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people』s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture.
When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people』s daily life.
Research Significance:
As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures.
二、課題研究現狀及發展趨勢 （課題研究領域的發展現狀及可能的發展方向）
Research Status:
Study of color words has long attracted linguists』 attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, e to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance..
Research Tendency:
21st century』s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality.
三、研究內容及研究目標 （對研究的內容進行說明，並闡明要達到的目標）
Research Contents:
A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms
1．Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified
1.2 Black Is Associated With Profit
1.3 Black Is Associated With the Black People
2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
2.1 Black Is Associated With the Death
2.2 Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate
2.3 Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful
2.4 Black Is Associated With Anger
B. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms
1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky
1.2 White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty
2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms
2.1 White Is Associated With Death and Poor
2.2 White Is Associated With Worthless and Timid
C. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms
1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 Red Is Associated With Honor and Love
2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
2.1 Red is Associated with the Obscenity
2.2 Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism.
2.3 Red Is Associated With Danger and Loss
D. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms
1．Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Noble
1.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing
2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
2.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative
2.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and Disease
Research Objectives:
I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture.
四、預計的研究難點 （課題研究過程中可能遇到的理論難題或技術難點）
With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality e to lack of the knowledge related.
五、創新點 （選題、觀點、理論、材料、方法等創新點）
The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords.
六、進度計劃 （根據研究內容及研究目標所預計的進度安排）
1. Nov.16th — Nov.22nd , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing
2. Nov.23rd — Dec.20th , 2008 Data gathering
3. Dec.21st — Jan.10th , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline
4. Jan.11th — Feb.8th, 2009 Literature review
5. Feb.9th — Mar.14th, 2009 First draft
6. Mar.15th — Apr.10th, 2009 Second draft
7. Apr.11th — Apr.20th, 2009 Final version
8. Apr.27th — May 14th, 2009 Printing
9. May 17th — May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate
七、資料來源 （指能夠支持「課題背景」、「課題研究現狀及發展趨勢」所論述內容的主要文獻資料）
[1] Baugh, A.C. & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.
[2] Eckersley, C.E. Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979.
[3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Ecation, 1985.
[4] Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner』s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974.
[5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. U.S.A.: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997.
[6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. U.S.A.: Edward Arnold, 1989.
[7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981.
[8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
[9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.
[10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Instry Press, 2007.
[11] 陳永燁．「英漢顏色詞所表現的中西文化差異」 [J]．《遼寧工程技術大學學報》，2005，(7)．
[12] 戴煒棟,何兆熊.《新編簡明英語語言學教程》[A].上海：上海外語出版社,2002.
[13] 鄧炎昌，劉潤清．《語言與文化》[M]．北京：外語教學與研究出版社，1991．
[14] 蔣棟元．「論顏色及顏色詞的文化差異」 [J]． 《四川外語學院學報》，2002，(3)．
[15] 唐振華．「英漢顏色詞的翻譯」 [J]．《中國科技翻譯》，1997，(2).
指導教師意見：（對課題的認可意見）
指導教師
年 月 日
系（教研室）審查意見：
系（教研室）主任：
年 月 日
⑤ 論文開題報告用英語怎麼表達「opening report 」地道嗎
Proposal 更正式點
opening speech；opening report；Thesis Proposal 也都可以
但多數都用Proposal
如博士論文開題 Doctoral Dissertation Proposal
⑥ 英文論文開題報告寫作技巧
開題報告的一般內容
課題來源、開題依據和背景情況，課題研究目的以及理論意義和實際應用價值。
文獻綜述。在閱讀規定文獻量(不少於50篇，其中外文文獻佔40%以上)的基礎上，著重闡述該研究課題國內外的研究現狀及發展動態，同時介紹查閱文獻的范圍以及查閱方式、手段。
主要研究內容。包括學術構思、研究方法、關鍵技術、技術路線、實施方案、可行性分析、研究中可能遇到的難點、解決的方法和措施以及預期目標。
擬採用的實驗手段，所需科研和實驗條件，估計課題工作量和所需經費，研究工作進度計劃。
主要參考文獻，列出至少10篇所查閱參考的文獻。
寫好開題報告的技巧
提出問題注意「層次」
在提出問題時，要以「內行」看得懂的術語和明確的邏輯來表述。
選題來源包括：與自己實際工作或科研工作相關的、較為熟悉的問題；自己從事的專業。
問題發展迅速，需要綜合評價；反映本學科的新理論、新技術或新動向的題目。
所選題目不宜過大，越具體越容易收集資料，從某一個側面入手，容易深入。
瞄準主流文獻，隨時整理
文獻資料是撰寫好學術論文的基礎。選擇文獻時應選擇本學科的核心期刊、經典著作等，要注意所選文獻的代表性、可靠性及科學性；選擇文獻應先看近期的(近3～5年)，後看遠期的，廣泛閱讀資料，有必要時還應找到有關文獻所引用的原文閱讀，在閱讀時，注意做好讀書卡片或讀書筆記。
整理資料時，要注意按照問題來組織文獻資料，寫文獻綜述時不是將看過的資料都羅列和陳述出來，而是要按照一定的思路將其提煉出來。只有這樣，才能寫出好的文獻綜述，也才能寫出好的開題報告，進而為寫出好的論文打下基礎。
研究目標具體而不死板
一般開題報告都要求明確學位論文的研究目標，但筆者認為，研究目標不宜規定得太死板，這是因為，即使條件一定，目標是偏高還是偏低，往往難於准確判斷，研究工作本身，涉及求知因素，各個實驗室條件不同，具體研究時條件也不同。學位論文選題和研究目標體現了研究工作的價值特徵。
搜索技能篇
google學術搜索
google學術搜索的功能可以說是相當強大，這里先介紹了幾個實用的小技能~
查找圖書館試用資源
試試搜索欄里輸入："intitle:試用資料庫 inurl:lib" 便可以快速找到各高校圖書館的免費資源了。這些密碼雖然持久不了，但是足夠解燃眉之急。這是一個密碼頁。你可以保存起來，說不定今後你會用到它們。
需要說明的是：網路查找中文的期刊還是很管用，因為網路中文頁面更新很快，而google在中文方面就不是很在行了，但是英文網頁，google則是一個星期更新一次，頻率較快，優先採用檢索國外數據！
站內直接搜索
谷歌對於一些流量大戶，比如知乎，直接在搜索結果頁面呈現了站內搜索框，很是方便。
InfoSeek
提供全文檢索功能，並有較細致的分類目錄，還可搜索圖像。網頁收錄極其豐富，以西文為主，支持簡體和繁體中文檢索，但中文網頁收錄較少。查詢時能夠識別大小寫和成語，且支持邏輯條件限制查詢（AND、OR、NOT等）。高級檢索功能較強，另有字典、事件查詢、黃頁、股票報價等多種服務。
Wolfram Alpha
圖表數據伸手可得的神器！
Wolfram Alpha是一個繪圖計算器、在線圖書館、和搜尋引擎的綜合體。它不像Google一樣給出零碎的混雜的內容，而是直接將每一幀信息拼接成有效的影像，更直觀地呈現結果。
舉個例子，想要了解中國人口數量變化，Wolfram Alpha會直接給出折線圖；相當的方便、直觀。
英文論文開題報告是一篇高質量論文的開始，只有良好的開端，才可以給你的論文奠定堅實的基礎。
⑦ 英語專業畢業論文開題報告的內容該怎麼著手
1．專題型論文。這是分析前人研究成果的基礎上，以直接論述的形式發表見解，從正面提出某學科中某一學術問題的一種論文。如本書第十二章例文中的《淺析領導者突出工作重點的方法與藝術》一文，從正面論述了突出重點的工作方法的意義、方法和原則，它表明了作者對突出工作重點方法的肯定和理解。
2．論辯型論文。這是針對他人在某學科中某一學術問題的見解，憑借充分的論據，著重揭露其不足或錯誤之處，通過論辯形式來發表見解的一種論文。如《家庭聯產承包責任制改變了農村集體所有制性質嗎?》一文，是針對「家庭聯產承包責任制改變了農村集體所有制性質」的觀點，進行了有理有據的駁斥和分析，以論辯的形式闡發了「家庭聯產承包責任制並沒有改變農村集體所有制」的觀點。另外，針對幾種不同意見或社會普遍流行的錯誤看法，以正面理由加以辯駁的論文，也屬於論辯型論文。
3．綜述型論文。這是在歸納、總結前人或今人對某學科中某一學術問題已有研究成果的基礎上，加以介紹或評論，從而發表自己見解的一種論文。
4．綜合型論文。這是一種將綜述型和論辯型兩種形式有機結合起來寫成的一種論文。如《關於中國民族關系史上的幾個問題》一文既介紹了研究民族關系史的現狀，又提出了幾個值得研究的問題。因此，它是一篇綜合型的論文。
⑧ 英語論文開題報告怎麼寫研究手段
論文一般由題名、作者、摘要、關鍵詞、正文、參考文獻和附錄等部分組成，其中部分組成（例如附錄）可有可無。論文各組成的排序為：題名、作者、摘要、關鍵詞、英文題名、英文摘要、英文關鍵詞、正文、參考文獻和附錄和致謝。
下面按論文的結構順序依次敘述。
題目
(一)論文——題目科學論文都有題目，不能「無題」。論文題目一般20字左右。題目大小應與內容符合，盡量不設副題，不用第1報、第2報之類。論文題目都用直敘口氣，不用驚嘆號或問號，也不能將科學論文題目寫成廣告語或新聞報道用語。
署名
(二)論文——署名科學論文應該署真名和真實的工作單位。主要體現責任、成果歸屬並便於後人追蹤研究。嚴格意義上的論文作者是指對選題、論證、查閱文獻、方案設計、建立方法、實驗操作、整理資料、歸納總結、撰寫成文等全過程負責的人，應該是能解答論文的有關問題者。往往把參加工作的人全部列上，那就應該以貢獻大小依次排列。論文署名應徵得本人同意。學術指導人根據實際情況既可以列為論文作者，也可以一般致謝。行政領導人一般不署名。
引言
(三)論文——引言是論文引人入勝之言，很重要，要寫好。一段好的論文引言常能使讀者明白你這份工作的發展歷程和在這一研究方向中的位置。要寫出論文立題依據、基礎、背景、研究目的。要復習必要的文獻、寫明問題的發展。文字要簡練。
材料方法
(四)論文——材料和方法按規定如實寫出實驗對象、器材、動物和試劑及其規格，寫出實驗方法、指標、判斷標准等，寫出實驗設計、分組、統計方法等。這些按雜志對論文投稿規定辦即可。
實驗結果
(五)論文——實驗結果應高度歸納，精心分析，合乎邏輯地鋪述。應該去粗取精，去偽存真，但不能因不符合自己的意圖而主觀取捨，更不能弄虛作假。只有在技術不熟練或儀器不穩定時期所得的數據、在技術故障或操作錯誤時所得的數據、不符合實驗條件時所得的數據才能廢棄不用。而且必須在發現問題當時就在原始記錄上註明原因，不能在總結處理時因不合常態而任意剔除。廢棄這類數據時應將在同樣條件下、同一時期的實驗數據一並廢棄，不能只廢棄不合己意者。
實驗結果的整理應緊扣主題，刪繁就簡，有些數據不一定適合於這一篇論文，可留作它用，不要硬行拼湊到一篇論文中。論文行文應盡量採用專業術語。能用表的不要用圖，可以不用圖表的最好不要用圖表，以免多佔篇幅，增加排版困難。文、表、圖互不重復。實驗中的偶然現象和意外變故等特殊情況應作必要的交代，不要隨意丟棄。
討論
(六)論文——討論是論文中比較重要，也是比較難寫的一部分。應統觀全局，抓住主要的有爭議問題，從感性認識提高到理性認識進行論說。要對實驗結果作出分析、推理，而不要重復敘述實驗結果。應著重對國內外相關文獻中的結果與觀點作出討論，表明自己的觀點，尤其不應迴避相對立的觀點。論文的討論中可以提出假設，提出本題的發展設想，但分寸應該恰當，不能寫成「科幻」或「暢想」。
結論
(七)論文——結語或結論論文的結語應寫出明確可靠的結果，寫出確鑿的結論。論文的文字應簡潔，可逐條寫出。不要用「小結」之類含糊其辭的詞。
參考文獻
(八)論文——參考義獻這是論文中很重要、也是存在問題較多的一部分。列出論文參考文獻的目的是讓讀者了解論文研究命題的來龍去脈，便於查找，同時也是尊重前人勞動，對自己的工作有準確的定位。因此這里既有技術問題，也有科學道德問題。
一篇論文中幾乎自始至終都有需要引用參考文獻之處。如論文引言中應引上對本題最重要、最直接有關的文獻;在方法中應引上所採用或借鑒的方法；在結果中有時要引上與文獻對比的資料；在討論中更應引上與論文有關的各種支持的或有矛盾的結果或觀點等。
⑨ 求英語文學方向論文開題報告範文
本科畢業論文開題報告
論文題目the Application and Innovation
of Gothicism in Wuthering Heights
一、選題的意義和研究現狀
1．選題的目的、理論意義和現實意義
長時期以來, 人們視艾米莉•勃朗特為英國文學中的「斯芬克斯」。關於她本人和她的作品都有很多難解之謎, 許多評論家從不同的角度、採用不同的方法去研究, 得出了不同的結論, 因而往往是舊謎剛解, 新謎又出, 解謎熱潮似永無休止。
本文立足於歐美文學中的哥特傳統研究《呼嘯山莊》的創作源泉, 指出艾米莉•
勃朗特在主題、人物形象、環境刻畫、意象及情節構造等方面都借鑒了哥特傳統, 同時憑借其超乎尋常的想像力, 將現實與超現實融為一體, 給陳舊的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鮮活力, 達到了哥特形式與激情內容的完美統一, 使《呼嘯山莊》既超越了哥特體裁的「黑色浪漫主義」, 又超越了維多利亞時代的「現實主義」, 從而展現出獨具一格、經久不衰的藝術魅力。
2．與選題相關的國內外研究和發展概況
各民族的文學中都有許多驚險、恐怖的故事, 但似乎沒有哪一種文學像英美文學那樣不僅創作出數量眾多、質量優秀的恐怖文學作品, 而且還形成了一個持續發展、影響廣泛的哥特傳統( Gothic tradition) 。哥特文學現在已經成為英美文學研究中的一個重要領域。對哥特文學的認真研究開始於20 世紀二三十年代, 到70 年代以後, 由於新的學術思潮和文學批評觀念的影響, 該研究出現了前所未有而且日趨高漲的熱潮。根據在國際互聯網上的搜索, 到2000 年9月為止, 英美等國的學者除發表了大量關於哥特文學的論文外, 還至少出版專著達184部, 其中1970 年以後為126 部, 僅90 年代就達59 部, 幾乎占總數的三分之一。當然,近年來哥特文學研究的狀況不僅在於研究成果迅速增加, 更重要的是它在深度和廣度方面都大為拓展, 並且把哥特傳統同英美乃至歐洲的歷史、社會、文化和文學的總體發展結合起來。
二、研究方案
1．研究的基本內容及預期的結果（大綱）
研究的基本內容:本文立足於歐美文學中的哥特傳統研究《呼嘯山莊》的創作源泉, 指出艾米莉•
勃朗特在主題、人物形象、環境刻畫、意象及情節構造等方面都借鑒了哥特傳統, 同時憑借其超乎尋常的想像力, 將現實與超現實融為一體, 給陳舊的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鮮活力, 達到了哥特形式與激情內容的完美統一, 使《呼嘯山莊》既超越了哥特體裁的「黑色浪漫主義」, 又超越了維多利亞時代的「現實主義」, 從而展現出獨具一格、經久不衰的藝術魅力。
預期的結果（大綱）:
1．A Survey of Gothic
1.1 Definition of Gothic
1.2 the Origin of Gothic Novels
1.2.1 Historical Reasons
1.2.1.1 Folklore in Germantic Nationality
1.2.1.2 Drama in the Renaissance
1.2.1.3 the Bible and Legends in Christianity
1.2.2 Development of the Novel Itself
1.2.2.1 Challenge of Romanticism to Rationalism
1.2.2.2 Sublime and Beautiful
2. Emily』s Gothic Heritage
2.1 Theme
2.1.1 Good and Evil
2.1.2 Revenge
2.2 Characters Description
2.2.1 Villain-hero
2.2.2 Delicate Young Girl
2.3 Atmosphere, Environment and Plot
2.3.1 Terror
2.3.2 Mystery
2.3.3 Supernatural
3.Emily』s Gothic Innovation
3.1 Combination of romanticism and Realism
3.1.1 Change of the Background
3.1.2 Use of Symbolism
3.1.3 Stream of Consciousness
3.1.4 Illusion and Subconsciousness
3.2. Description of Figure Emotion and Psychology
Reference
2．擬採用的研究方法
主要有資料查找、理論探討研究、閱讀法
3.研究所需條件和可能存在的問題
研究所需條件：紙張、列印設備、圖書館、互聯網上獲取國內外文獻資料；
可能存在的問題：(1)文獻不足;
(2) 由於個人的觀點和能力，使對研究對象分析不夠全面和深入。
三、研究進度安排、參考文獻及審查意見
1．研究進度安排
（1）論文指導第一周（學期第八周）：學生完成初稿。
（2）論文指導第二周（學期第九周）：指導教師審閱論文初稿後發回修改。
（3）論文指導第三周（學期第十周）：學生交論文第二稿。
（4）論文指導第四周（學期第十一周）：指導教師審閱第二稿並發回給學生進一步修改。
（5）論文指導第五周（學期第十二周）：定稿
（6）論文指導第六周（學期第十三周）：交定稿的列印稿和電子文本。
（7）論文指導第六周（學期第十三周）：本周星期五至論文指導第七周（學期第周）星期五，指導教師和評閱教師寫評語，學生做好答辯准備。
（8）論文指導第七周（學期第十四周）：星期三至論文指導第八周（學期第十五周）開展答辯工作。
2. 應收集資料及主要參考文獻（不少於8條）
[1] Bronte, Charlotte. 1907. Charlotte Bronte』s preface to the second edition, Wuthering Heights. London: J. M. Dent Sons Ltd. p. 20.
[2] Gerin, Winifred. 1971. Emily Bronte [M]. New York: Oxford University Press.
[3] Marie, Mulvey-Roberts. ed. 1998.The handbook to gothic literature [A]. New York: New York University Press. p. 83.
[4] Punter, David. 1980. The Literature of Terror [M]. London: Longman. p. 6.
[5] 方平. 1993 .希望在人間—論〈呼嘯山莊〉(《呼嘯山莊》譯序) [M]. 上海譯文出版社. 第24頁.
[6] 蓋斯凱爾夫人. 2000 .夏洛蒂•勃朗特傳[M]. 張淑榮等譯. 北京: 團結出版社. 第11—12頁.
[7] 肖明翰. 2001. 英美文學中的哥特傳統[J]. 外國文學評論第3期.
[8] 鮮於靜. 2003. 神秘和怪誕的魅力——福克納小說《八月之光》的哥特藝術研究[MA]. 中國學位論文全文庫.