英語時態課件
㈠ 初中英語八大時態講解
1. 一般現在時表示現階段經常或習慣發生的動作或存在的狀態,或說明主語的特徵。①一般現在時句子中常有的時間狀語:often, usually, sometimes, always, every (day等), once/twice, a (week等), on (Sunday等), never, in the (morning等)。如:They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他們每年去一次故宮)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他們經常在晚上商談生意)②表示客觀真理、事實、人的技能或現在的狀態時句子里一般不用時間狀語。如:The earth turns round the sun.(地球繞著太陽轉)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光傳播比聲音快)③ 表示十分確定會發生(如安排好的事情)或按照時間表進行的事情,用一般現在可以表達將來,句子中可以有將來時間。如:The train for Haikou leaves at 8:00 in the morning.(開往漢口的列車上午8點開車)④ 在時間狀語從句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引導)和條件狀語從句中(以if,unless引導),用一般現在時代替一般將來時,句子可以有將來時間。如:Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德國就給我打電話) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我們就只好獃在家)⑤ 一般現在時用於倒裝句中可以表示正在發生的動作,動詞以come, go為主。如:Here comes the bus. (車來了) / There goes the bell.(鈴響了)。⑥ 一般現在時常用於體育比賽的解說或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.⑦ 人的心理活動和感官動作一般用一般現在時而不用現在進行時表達,常見動詞有:like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(認為),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如:I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在這兒)2. 一般過去時 表示過去某時發生的動作或狀態,這種動作或狀態可能是一次性,也可能經常發生。①表示過去具體時刻發生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有:at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引導的時間狀語從句。如:I got up at 6:00 this morning.(我是早上六點鍾起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小湯姆今天早上九點半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走進房間時發現一個陌生人正和他父親談話)②表示過去一段時間內不知何時發生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有:yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等),in the past。如:He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年來到我們市)③表示過去一個階段中經常發生的事情時,時間狀語有:last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如:Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.④講故事、對過去經歷的回憶、雙方都明白的過去事件等一般用過去時,而且經常省略時間狀語。如:I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)3. 一般將來時 表示將來某一時刻或經常發生的動作或狀態。①一般將來時的時間狀語有:tomorrow,this (afternoon), next (year), one day, now, soon, someday, sometime, in the future, when引導的從句等。②用will構成的將來時,表示動作與人的主觀願望無關。「shall」用於第一人稱,「will」 用於所有人稱。如:I will graate from this school soon.(我很快就要從這所中學畢業了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之後你就要一個人過了)③「am/is/are going to+動詞原形」表示打算或准備要做的事情,或者主觀判斷即將要發生的事情。It』s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)④表示一個人臨時決定要做某事,可以用will表達。如:I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化學葯劑). So please wait until I return.(我要到化學實驗室去取些葯品,請等我回頭)⑤現在進行時、一般現在時也可以表示將來。(見相應時態)⑥shall和will 在口語的一些疑問句中相當於情態動詞。Shall一般與第一人稱連用,will與第二人稱連用。如:Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我們下周六去動物園好嗎?)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把門打開好嗎?)4. 現在進行時 現在進行時表示現在正在進行的動作或是現階段正發生此刻不一定在進行的動作。①現在進行時由「助動詞be (am is are ) +現在分詞」構成。②現在進行時的時間狀語有: now, this …, these…等,但經常不用。如:What are you doing up in the tree?(你在樹上干什麼?)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在寫一本長篇小說)③表示即將發生的動作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常見的動詞有:come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如:I』m coming now.(我就來)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什麼?)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)④表示頻繁發生或反復進行的動作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如:He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借錢,過一些時候就忘得一干二凈)5. 過去進行時 過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某階段正在進行的動作。①過去進行時由「was(第一、三人稱單數)或were(第二人稱單數和各人稱的復數)+現在分詞」構成。②過去進行時的時間狀語有:then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的時間狀語從句。如:He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天這個時候他正在做晚飯)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的時候她正在玩玩具)③用於賓語從句或時間狀語從句中,表示與主句動作同時進行而且是延續時間較長。句子中通常不用時間狀語。如:She saw it happen when she was walking past.(她路過時看到事情的發生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他們在黑暗的森林裡走時唱了很多歌)④也可以表示過去一個階段頻繁發生或反復進行的動作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如:He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在這里時老向我借錢)6. 現在完成時 現在完成時表示一個發生在過去的、對現在仍有影響的動作,或表示開始在過去,並且一直延續到現在,甚至還可能延續下去的動作。①在完成時由「助動詞have (has)+動詞的過去分詞」構成。②表示發生在過去的對現在仍有影響的動作時,時間狀語有:already, yet, just, once, twice, ever, never, three times, before, in the past+一段時間等。如:I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前從來沒有看過這么好的畫)/ He has just gone to England.(他剛去英國)③表示在過去開始一直延續到現在(可能延續下去)的動作或狀態時,時間狀語有:for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引導的狀語從句。如:I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我離開家鄉有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自從這家工廠開張,王叔叔一直在那兒工作)④口語中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如:They have got thousands of books in their library.(他們圖書館有上萬本書)⑤have been to與have gone to的區別:have gone to(「已經去了」)表示人不在這里,have been to(「去過」)表示人在這里。如:--Where is Mr. Li? –He has gone to the UK. (李先生在哪裡?他去了英國。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes, I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情況嗎?是的,我去過那裡三次。)⑥在完成時中,一個瞬間性動詞(一次性動作)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用, 此時須將該瞬間動詞改為延續性動詞或狀態動詞。或者使用下面這個句型:It is/ has been + (多久)+ since +主語(人)+謂語(過去時)+……+過去時間狀語[注意] 在其它的時態中也存在類似問題,記住,關鍵是:瞬間動詞不能和表達一段時間的狀語連用。如:How long may I keep the book?(這本書我能借多久?)(句子中keep取代了borrow)8. 過去完成時 過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一動作發生之前已經完成的動作。簡言之, 過去完成時所表示的時間是「過去的過去」。①過去完成時由「助動詞had+動詞的過去分詞」構成。②過去完成時時間狀語有:by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when, before等引出狀語從句。有時句子中會有already, just, once, ever, never等詞語,也會有for… 或since…構成的時間狀語。如:They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(當老師來的時候他們已經打掃完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他發覺那個婦女是個騙子時她已經走掉了)③過去完成時常用於賓語從句中、after引導的從句中,或者從句是before引導的主句中。如:After I had put on my shoes and hat, I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走進了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他說他以前從來沒有見過袋鼠)8. 過去將來時 過去將來時表示在過去預計將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。①過去將來時由「助動詞should(第一人稱)或would(第二、三人稱)+動詞原形」構成。在美國英語中,過去將來時的助動詞一律用「would +動詞原形」。②過去將來時常由於賓語從句中,時間狀語有:later, soon, the next (day).③在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中不可以使用過去將來時,而應該使用一般過去時。如:He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答應付給我許多錢如果我幫助他搞那個項目)/ Every time when he was free, he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就會坐下來看看書)④表示純粹的將來時用would或should,表示打算或主觀認為的事情用was/were going to (+動詞原形)。如:She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告訴我她下個月就18歲了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告訴我她打算帶她的寵物狗去散步)⑤過去將來時還可以表示一個過去經常性的動作。如:When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨時他會隨身帶一把雨傘)
㈡ 求文檔: 初中英語時態講解
一、動詞時態
英語的動詞在表示不同時間里發生的行為或存在的狀態時,要用不同的形式來表示。英語的時態從時間上來看,可分為「現在」,「過去」,「將來「和」過去將來「四大類。動詞共有十六種不同時態,但常用的時態有八種。
(一) 一般現在時
一般現在時表示經常發生的動作(習慣性的動作)或存在的狀態,句中常用always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day等時間狀語。
例如:
1) He goes to school at seven o』clock every day.
2) The sun rises in the east.
(二) 一般過去時
一般過去時主要用於表示過去的動作、行為或狀態,句中常有yesterday, ago, in 1989, once, last week (month, year), at that time, just now 等時間狀語。
例如:
1) He was born in 1989.
2) I used to play football when I was young.
(三)一般將來時
英語動詞表示將來時間有多種形式,其共同特點是句中常有表示將來時間的狀語,如:tomorrow, next week, in a week等
例如:
1) We will visit the science museum next week.
2) We are going to discuss the problem tomorrow.
(四)現在進行時
現在進行時表示現在時刻正在進行的動作或表示現階段正在做的事情,句中常與now, at this moment等時間狀語連用。
例如:
1) The boy is playing video games.
2) His father is writing a novel these days.
(五)現在完成時
現在完成時表示從過去某一時刻開始一直延續到現在的動作或狀態,或還要延續下去,句中常用since, for, yet, already等表示一段時間的狀語。
例如:
1) Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.
2) He has been in this factory for five years.
(六)過去進行時
過去進行時表示在過去某個時候正在進行的動作或過去某個階段正在做的事情。
例如:
1) He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.
2) When I came in, they were having supper.
(七)過去完成時
表示在過去某個時刻前已經發生的動作或狀態,或者從過去某個時刻開始一直延續到過去另一時刻的動作或狀態。
例如:
1) By the end of last year, we had learned more than 2,000 English words.
2) My teacher had taught in that school for ten years before she came here.
(八)過去將來時
過去將來時表示從過去的觀點來預計以後要發生的動作或存在的狀態,這種時態常用於賓語從句當中,主句中的謂語動詞一般是過去時。
例如:
1) He said that he would study harder than before.
2) He didn』t tell me when he would go.
二、被動語態
(一)被動語態的構成
英語動詞的被動語態由助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞be必須與主語的人稱和數保持一致,並有時態的變化。例如:
The man was fooled by the two boys.
The book has been translated into several languages.
(二)被動語態的用法
(1)動作的執行者不知道是誰或難以說明時常用被動語態。例如:
Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.
The new test book will be used next term.
(2)當動作的承受者比起動作的執行者來說更能引起人們的關心而需要加以強調時,要用被動語態。例如:
This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.
The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.
(3)含有雙賓語的句子,主動句中的間接賓語或者直接賓語都可變為被動語態中的主語,另一個保留不變。變為主語的若是主動句中的直接賓語,間接賓語前則需加介詞to 或for。
例如:The pianist gave the pupils some advice.
間接賓語 直接賓語
→The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.
→Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.
(4)在主動語態句中動詞make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等後接動詞不定式作賓語補足語,動詞不定式不加to。但變成被動語態時後面的不定式都須加上to。
例如:The boss made them work ten hours a day.
→They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.
A boy saw him enter the house.
→He was seen to enter the house.
(三)被動語態的時態
(1) 一般現在時
構成:助動詞am/ is/are + 動詞的過去分詞
例如:This kind of car is made in Shanghai.
English is spoken in many countries.
(2) 一般過去時
構成:助動詞was/were + 動詞的過去分詞
例如:The bridge was built in 1992.
Was this novel written by his father?
(3) 一般將來時
構成:will be 或be going to + be + 動詞的過去分詞
例如:These books are going to be posted tomorrow.
The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital.
(4) 現在完成時
構成:助動詞have/has + been + 動詞的過去分詞
例如:Has his work been finished?
We haven』t been invited to the party.
(5) 現在進行時
構成:be + being + 動詞的過去分詞
例如:A new bridge is being built in my hometown.
The problem is being discussed by the students.
補充說明:帶有情態動詞的被動語態
構成:情態動詞 + be + 動詞的過去分詞
例如:Can this walkman be repaired here?
Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.
㈢ 英語課堂關於時態講解的導入
最常見的英語時態有八種:
一般現在時:we
often
have
an
english
class
on
monday.she
sometimes
goes
to
school
late.
一般過去時:they
had
a
meeting
yesterday,(動詞用過去式,沒有人稱數的變化)
現在進行時:am/is/are+doing
tom
is
reading
chinese
now.
過去進行時:was/were/+ding
our
teachers
were
having
a
meeting
at
3
o'clock
yesterday
afternoon.
現在完成時:has/have+done
the
boy
has
studied
english
for
five
years.
過去完成時:had+done
the
girl
had
learned
400
words
by
the
end
of
last
year.
一般將來時:will+
do
i
will
become
a
scientist
in
the
future.
過去將來時:would
+do
we
will
visit
the
man
tomorrow.
對於簡單句的時態,應該注意句子的時間狀語,要是復合句,注意上下文。