英語的歷史簡短

❶ 英語發展史

早期日耳曼人部落（盎格魯族、撒克遜族、朱特族和弗里西族）移民到英格蘭，英語就是從他們的語言中變化繼承下來。據《盎格魯撒克遜編年史》記載，公元449年左右，不列顛群島國王伏提庚（Vortigern）邀請「盎格魯親戚們」來幫助他對抗皮克特人。作為回報，他賜予盎格魯族東南部的領土。隨後他又進一步尋求支援，撒克遜族、盎格魯族與朱特族人紛紛前來。《編年史》記載，最終這些「移民」建立了七個王國：諾森伯利亞、麥西亞、東盎格利亞、肯特、埃塞克斯、蘇塞克斯、威塞克斯。
日爾曼人入侵後，統治了當地的凱爾特語民族，本地語言主要於蘇格蘭、威爾士、康沃爾與愛爾蘭存活了下來。這些入侵者的語言逐漸形成了「古英語」，與近代弗里西語極為相象。English（英格蘭人、英語）、England（英格蘭）和East
Anglia（東盎格利亞）這三個詞是分別從描繪盎格魯族的詞彙發展而來：Englisc、
Angelcynn、Englaland。
1066年諾曼征服後三百年內，英格蘭的國王只講法語。因此一大批法語詞彙進入了古英語，古英語本身也失去了大部分曲折變化，進化為中古英語。1500年左右的母音大推移將中古英語變形為近代英語。古英語最著名的文學作品是《貝奧武夫》，中古英語則是《坎特伯雷故事集》。
近代英語在莎士比亞所處的時期開始繁榮，一些學者將之分為早期近代英語與後期近代英語，分界線為1800年左右。隨著不列顛對全世界大部分地區的佔領和殖民，當地語言也很大程度上影響了英語的發展。

❷ 英語發展史英文版

English is a West Germanic language that originated from the Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Britain by Germanic invaders and/or settlers from various parts of what is now northwest Germany and the Netherlands. Initially, Old English was a diverse group of dialects, reflecting the varied origins of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Britain. One of these dialects, Late West Saxon, eventually became predominant.
The English language underwent extensive change in the Middle Ages. Written Old English of AD 1000 is similar in vocabulary and grammar to other old Germanic languages such as Old High German and Old Norse, and completely unintelligible to modern speakers, while the modern language is already largely recognisable in written Middle English of AD 1400. The transformation was caused by two further waves of invasion: the first by speakers of the Scandinavian branch of the Germanic language family, who conquered and colonized parts of Britain in the 8th and 9th centuries; the second by the Normans in the 11th century, who spoke Old Norman and ultimately developed an English variety of this called Anglo-Norman. A large proportion of the modern English vocabulary comes directly from Anglo-Norman.
Close contact with the Scandinavians resulted in a significant grammatical simplification and lexical enrichment of the Anglo-Frisian core of English. However, these changes had not reached South West England by the 9th century AD, where Old English was developed into a full-fledged literary language. The Norman invasion occurred in 1066, and when literary English rose anew in the 13th century, it was based on the speech of London, much closer to the centre of Scandinavian settlement. Technical and cultural vocabulary was largely derived from Old Norman, with particularly heavy influence in the church, the courts, and government. With the coming of the Renaissance, as with most other developing European languages such as German and Dutch, Latin and Ancient Greek supplanted Norman and French as the main source of new words. Thus, English developed into very much a "borrowing" language with an enormously disparate vocabulary.

❸ 英語的歷史

早期日耳曼人四支部落（盎格魯族、撒克遜族、朱特族和弗里西族）移民到英格蘭，英語就是從他們的語言中變化繼承下來。據《盎格魯撒克遜編年史》記載，公元449年左右，不列顛群島國王伏提庚（Vortigern）邀請「盎格魯親戚們」來幫助他對抗皮克特人，於是他賜予盎格魯族東南部的領土作為回報。隨後他又進一步尋求支援，撒克遜族、盎格魯族與朱特族人便紛紛前來。《編年史》記載，最終這些「移民」建立了七個王國：諾森伯利亞、麥西亞、東盎格利亞、肯特、埃塞克斯、蘇塞克斯、威塞克斯。
日爾曼人入侵後，統治了當地的凱爾特語民族，本地語言主要於蘇格蘭、威爾士、康瓦耳與愛爾蘭島存活了下來。這些入侵者的語言逐漸形成了「古英語」，與近代弗里西語極為相像。English（英格蘭人、英語）、England（英格蘭）和East Anglia（東盎格利亞）這三個詞是分別從描繪盎格魯族的詞彙發展而來：Englisc、 Angelcynn、Englaland。
公元九世紀，斯堪的納維亞人大規模侵入英國北部。九世紀末，入侵者幾乎佔領了整個英國的東半部。斯堪的納維亞人說的是北日爾曼語。北日爾曼語和西日爾曼語的差別不是很懸殊。斯堪的納維亞人入侵的結果使大量斯堪的納維亞語（以古諾斯語Old Norse為代表）的詞彙進入了古英語的詞彙。古諾斯語和古英語有很多同義詞彙，結果古諾斯語詞在英語詞彙里往往取古英語詞而代之。
1066年諾曼征服後三百年內，英格蘭的國王只講法語。因此一大批法語詞彙進入了古英語，古英語本身也失去了大部分曲折變化，形成中古英語。1500年左右的母音大推移將中古英語變形為近代英語。古英語最著名的文學作品是《貝奧武夫》，中古英語則是《坎特伯里故事集》。 近代英語在莎士比亞所處的時期開始繁榮，一些學者將之分為早期近代英語與後期近代英語，分界線為1800年左右。隨著不列顛對全世界大部分地區的佔領和殖民，當地語言也很大程度上影響了英語的發展。

❹ 英語的發展史

盧恩語(Futhark)→古英語(即盎格魯-撒克遜語)(Old English、Anglo-Saxon)→英國英語(English)

1.英語的發展要追溯到公元410年，羅馬人離開不列顛之後，日耳曼部族包括盎格魯、薩克遜開始湧入。

2.羅馬人走了，沒有留下他們使用的拉丁語。反倒是實用的盎格魯薩克遜語言進入到當地人的語言，帶去了新的詞彙。

3.公元597年，基督教傳入英國。基督教的流行，使當地人更容易接受拉丁文的怪字，如「martyr（烈士）」, 「bishop」和 「font」。

4.公元800年，丹麥人入侵英國。維京語言給英語帶來了好戰意味明顯的詞彙，英語中共有2000個詞彙源於維京人。

5.1066年,征服者威廉入侵不列顛，帶來了來自海峽對岸的法語。法語成為了上層階級與官方事務用語。總的來講，英文大概從諾曼語中吸收了一萬多個單詞。

6.1337 年，英法百年戰爭開始。在這116年的爭斗中，英語吸收了法語中的戰爭詞彙，如「armies」, 「navies」 及 「soldiers「， 並逐步取代法語，成為當權者的語言。

7.100年之後誕生了莎士比亞。字典告訴我們，莎士比亞大概發明了2000多個新字，包括好用的詞彙還有很多當時的流行詞彙。

8.1611年出現了詹姆士王版聖經。新聖經使用了所有人都能理解的語言，使得聖經中的教訓不再是「王宮粉牆上」的文字，而是手中的小冊，並有傳教士在每間教堂宣傳。

9.17世紀，科學得到了迅速的發展。皇家學院的科學家們一開始用拉丁文溝通，後來發現其實用自己的母語英文會更簡潔。新事物的發現產生了許多新的詞彙。

10.在日不落帝國迅速擴張時期，英語從殖民地不同的語言中吸收了許多新的詞彙與表達。據統計，在1815年到1914年期間，新變種的英文得以在世界各地發展。

11.隨著英文向四面八方擴張，詞典編纂者也隨之出現，這些人想要解決拼字不統一的無政府狀態。於是約翰遜博士花了九年編成了一本英文字典，促成了拼寫的統一。

12.英語由古代從丹麥等斯堪的納維亞半島以及德國、荷蘭及周邊移民至不列顛群島的盎格魯、撒克遜以及朱特部落的白人所說的語言演變而來，並通過英國的殖民活動傳播到了世界各地。

13.在19至20世紀，英國以及美國在文化、經濟、軍事、政治和科學在世界上的領先地位使得英語成為一種國際語言。如今，許多國際場合都使用英語做為溝通媒介。

(4)英語的歷史簡短擴展閱讀

古英語受低地日耳曼語影響很大，比如動詞，基本詞彙，發音，復合詞結構，形態變化很復雜，但是與現代的標准德語還是有很大的區別。

現代英語並非起源或演變自羅曼語族亦或是法語，但是數萬現代英語詞彙，很大一部分來自法語，約5萬英語詞彙與法語接近甚至是完全相同，現代英語和多數現代歐洲語言都改用字母拼寫。

現代英語所使用的拼寫字母，也是完全借用了26個字母。所謂「英語字母」，就是古羅馬人在書寫時所使用的拼寫字母。

英語開始以拉丁字母作為拼寫系統大約是在公元六世紀盎格魯撒克遜時代。

參考資料

英語-網路

❺ 英語的歷史 英文版

Old English, until 1066
Immigrants from Denmark and NW Germany arrived in Britain in the 5th and 6th Centuries A.D., speaking in related dialects belonging to the Germanic and Teutonic branches of the Indo-European language family. Today, English is most closely related to Flemish, Dutch, and German, and is somewhat related to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish, and Swedish. Icelandic, unchanged for 1,000 years, is very close to Old English. Viking invasions, begun in the 8th Century, gave English a Norwegian and Danish influence which lasted until the Norman Conquest of 1066.

Old English Words

The Angles came from an angle-shaped land area in contemporary Germany. Their name "Angli" from the Latin and commonly-spoken, pre-5th Century German mutated into the Old English "Engle". Later, "Engle" changed to "Angel-cyn" meaning "Angle-race" by A.D. 1000, changing to "Engla-land". Some Old English words which have survived intact include: feet, geese, teeth, men, women, lice, and mice. The modern word "like" can be a noun, adjective, verb, and preposition. In Old English, though, the word was different for each type: gelica as a noun, geic as an adjective, lician as a verb, and gelice as a preposition.

Middle English, from 1066 until the 15th Century

The Norman Invasion and Conquest of Britain in 1066 and the resulting French Court of William the Conqueror gave the Norwegian-Dutch influenced English a Norman-Parisian-French effect. From 1066 until about 1400, Latin, French, and English were spoken. English almost disappeared entirely into obscurity ring this period by the French and Latin dominated court and government. However, in 1362, the Parliament opened with English as the language of choice, and the language was saved from extinction. Present-day English is approximately 50% Germanic (English and Scandinavian) and 50% Romance (French and Latin).

Middle English Words

Many new words added to Middle English ring this period came from Norman French, Parisian French, and Scandinavian. Norman French words imported into Middle English include: catch, wage, warden, reward, and warrant. Parisian French gave Middle English: chase, guarantee, regard, guardian, and gage. Scandinavian gave to Middle English the important word of law. English nobility had titles which were derived from both Middle English and French. French provided: prince, ke, peer, marquis, viscount, and baron. Middle English independently developed king, queen, lord, lady, and earl. Governmental administrative divisions from French include county, city, village, justice, palace, mansion, and residence. Middle English words include town, home, house, and hall.

Early Modern English, from the 15th Century to the 17th Century

During this period, English became more organized and began to resemble the modern version of English. Although the word order and sentence construction was still slightly different, Early Modern English was at least recognizable to the Early Modern English speaker. For example, the Old English "To us pleases sailing" became "We like sailing." Classical elements, from Greek and Latin, profoundly influenced work creation and origin. From Greek, Early Modern English received grammar, logic, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music. Also, the "tele-" prefix meaning "far" later used to develop telephone and television was taken.

Modern English, from the 17th Century to Modern Times

Modern English developed through the efforts of literary and political writings, where literacy was uniformly found. Modern English was heavily influenced by classical usage, the emergence of the university-ecated class, Shakespeare, the common language found in the East Midlands.

❻ 用英語寫一個簡短的中國歷史上的故事

朋友你好，你看這個啊
one day, not old hole innertube he study was still giving birth to a boy the road to go to travel goes to the summer vacation to the remote mountains and ancient forests. When Spring and Autumn Period summer's weather is not cool than the present. Kong Zi climbed mountains already is streaming with sweat, follows also to open wide the clothing in after death sub-road, no matter what the rank hot mountain breeze blows the chest wool leans this way and that. Kong Zi sits down after a big stone said that is thirsty, lets the sub-road seek a water to drink.
<dnt> the </dnt> sub-road unties the cloth wrapper along with to take out the stone mortar to arrive at a rill the upstream, the rill spurts the bead to spit the jade, water seepage clear Ling Rubi. The sub-road in uses the stone mortar to ladle water th

❼ 簡單的短篇英文歷史故事

Prometheus

prometheus was a titan ．in the war between zeus the giants he had stood on the side of the new olympiangods．out of the clay he made the first man，to whom athena gave soul and holy breath．prometheus spent a lot of time and energy in creating the gift of fire．and fire raised man above all animals ．later，there held a joint meeting of gods and men．the meeting was to decide what part of burnt animals should begiven to gods and what to men．prometheus cut up an ox and divided it into two parts：under the skin he placed the fresh，and under the fat he put the bones，for he knew the selfish zeus loved fat． zeus saw through the trick and felt displeased at the prometheus' favor towards men．so in a masterful way he took away the gift of fire from mankind．however，prometheus managed to steal fire from heaven and secretly brought it down tomen．flying into an anger at this unjustified act of rebellion，zeus let the other gods chain prometheus to a rock on mountain caucasus，where a hungry eagle ever tore at his liver which ever grew again．his period of pain was to be thirty-thousand years．prometheus faced his bitter fate firmly and never lost courage before zeus．at last heracles made prometheus and zeus restore to friend ship，when heracles came over in search of the golden apple and killed the eagle and set the friend of mankind free．

普羅米修斯

普羅米修斯是泰坦巨人之一。在宙斯與巨人的戰爭中，他站在新的奧林波斯山神一邊。他用粘土造出了第一個男人。雅典娜賦予了這個男人靈魂和神聖的生命。普羅米修斯還花費了很多時間和精力創造了火，並將之贈予人類。火使人成為萬物之靈。在這之後，舉行了第一次神與人的聯席會議。這個會議將決定燒烤過的動物的哪一部分該分給神，哪一部分該給人類。普羅米修斯切開一頭牛，把它分成兩部分：他把肉放在皮下，將骨頭放在肥肉下。因為他知道自私的宙斯愛吃肥肉。宙斯看穿了他的把戲。普羅米修斯偏袒人類，這使宙斯感到不快。因此，他專橫地把火從人類手中奪走。然而，普羅米修斯設法竊走了天火，偷偷地把它帶給人類。宙斯對他這種肆無忌憚的違抗行為大發雷霆。他令其他的山神把普羅米修斯用鎖鏈縛在高加索山脈的一塊岩石上。一隻飢餓的老鷹天天來啄食他的肝臟，而他的肝臟又總是重新長出來。他的痛苦要持續三萬年。而他堅定地面對苦難，從來不在宙斯面前喪失勇氣。最後，海格立斯使普羅米修斯與宙斯恢復了他們的友誼，找到了金蘋果，殺死了老鷹，因而解救了人類的老朋友。

❽ 誰知道關於歷史的英語小故事,要短一點的!

no
cavities
a
smiling
boy
arrived
home
from
a
dental
visit,hey
mom,the
dentist
says
i
have
no
cavities.
his
mom
stared
at
him
wide-eyed
and
quite
surprised,it』s
impossible
--you
never
brush
your
teeth
after
cleaning
the
chocolate
box
before
you
go
to
bed!
then
the
boy
opened
his
mouth
--he
had
not
a
tooth
left!

我沒有蛀牙
小男孩兒看完牙醫，面帶微笑地回到家：嘿，媽媽，牙醫說，我一顆蛀牙也沒有。
媽媽驚訝地瞪大眼睛：不可能你每回上床睡覺前都把巧克力盒子里的糖一下子吃完，而且從來不刷牙！
這時，男孩兒張開了嘴巴他的牙全被拔光了。
偷笑==剛好四行英文。

❾ 歷史簡單還是英語簡單

歷史和英語是兩個不同范疇的專業知識，所要應用的場所不同,至於難易程度，因人而異，有的人理解力強更擅長於英語，而有的人在歷史方面強，而在英語的理解能力比較差,總之你能掌握這兩門專業知識為你致用就是你最大的收獲。