英語從句
⑴ 英語各種從句的句子結構
復合謂語:情態動詞+不定式
主語:是一句的主體,是全句述說的對象,常用名詞,數詞或代詞擔任,一般放於句首
順序一般是主語,謂語,賓語,賓語補足語,而表語,定語,狀語的位置要根據情況而定。
⑵ 講解一下英語的幾種從句類型及其用法
定語從句概要: (這是有關定語從句的精要介紹,涵蓋了有關定語從句的各個方面,供參考:) 引導定語從句的關聯詞包括關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, whose, who, whom, as;關系副詞有when, where, why。關系代詞和關系副詞在定語從句中都充當一定的句法成份。關系代詞在從句中充當動詞的賓語時一般可以省略。 關系代詞的選用比較復雜,受下列條件的制約: (1) 要看先行詞是指人還是指物, (2) 要看關系代詞在從句中句法功能, (3) 要看定語從句是限定性的還是非限定性的。 在定語從句中充當的成分 ↓ 用於限定性或非限定性從句 只用於限定性從句 指人 指物 指人或指物 主語 who which that 賓語 whom which that 謂語 whose whose (of which) That 只能用在限定性定語從句中,而who, whom, which, which 既可用於限定性定語從句中,也可用於非限定性定語從句。 I know that he is a man who means what he says. I know that he is a man that means what he says. 【我知道他是一個守信用的人。】 The gentleman whom she met addressed her with courtesy. The gentleman that she met addressed her with courtesy. 【她遇到的那位先生很有禮貌地向她打了招呼。】 The gentleman she met addressed her with courtesy.(在從句中充當動詞賓語的關系代詞,可以省略。) The watch which was lost has been found. The watch that was lost has been found. 【丟了的表找到了。】 Here is the material which you need. (註:現代美語中不允許這樣用) Here is the material that you need. Here is the material you need. 【你要的材料在這兒了。】 You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 他也就是聽你的話吧。 關系副詞的選用相對來說比較簡單,如果先行詞是表示時間的名詞,如time, day 等,則用when, 如先行詞為表示地點的名詞,如place, house, area 等等,則選用where。如果先行詞為reason 則選用why I will never forget the mountain village where I spent my childhood. I will never forget the mountain village in which I spent my childhood. 我永遠也不會忘記我度過童年的那個小山村。 I don』t know the reason why he did that. I don』t know the reason for which he did that. 【我不知道他為什麼這么做。】 當先行詞是all, something, nothing 等不定代詞時,或者先行詞的前面有first, last, only, few, much, some, any, no 等詞修飾時,或者先行詞的前面有最高級修飾時,一般只用that 而不用which 來引導定語從句: I have explained everything that I can to you. I have explained everything I can to you. 【我已經盡一切可能把事情向你解釋得一清二楚。】 具體詳情請上網路查詢。從句—請點擊此連接就可查詢各種從句的具體解釋 http://ke..com/view/138129.htm
⑶ 哪位高手知道英語從句分類及用法
從句分成三大類別
一名詞性從句,反串名詞充當主語,賓語,補語,同位語
1.主語從句 2.賓語從句 3.補語從句(也有叫表語從句)4.同為語從句
二形容詞性從句。反串形容詞充當定語。
1.限定性定語從句 2.非限定性定語從句
三。副詞性從句。反串副詞充當狀語
1.時間狀語從句
2.地點狀語從句
3.方式狀語從句
4.原因狀語從句
5.目的狀語從句
6.結果狀語從句
7.條件狀語從句
8.讓步狀語從句
⑷ 英語中從句是什麼
下面將以最簡單的圖文形式講清楚什麼是「主從句」、什麼是「單復句」、什麼是「定語從句、名詞從句、狀語從句」。
單句——擁有一套「主謂結構」(一個時間);
復句——擁有兩套以上「主謂結構」(兩個以上時間);
主句——可以獨立存在的單句
從句——不可以獨立存在的單句(必須寄生在主句身體里)
引導詞——鏈接從句到主句身體的手銬(從句身份標志)
一、名詞性從句——從句佔位
(主-謂-賓),主-謂-賓
When I met the Gills, I had been gardening for nearly ten years.
我結識吉爾一家時,我已經幾乎做了十年的園藝。
主-謂-賓(主-謂-賓)
How can I love myself when I look like this?
既然我這么一副樣子,我怎麼能愛我自己?
英語句子的結構很簡單,在任何情況下一個句子(非並列句)只有一個主謂結構。只是在這個主謂結構的基礎上可以綜合使用以上三種從句,同時結合三種非謂語動詞短語進一步修飾細化增添諸多細節,在配合主句和從句謂語動詞各種時態變化(主動、被動、真實、虛擬)從而導致句子變得復雜起來。
但是只要你能夠抓住主句的主謂結構,那麼在復雜的句子都可以被清晰的解析理解。
本文作者謝瑞,著有《英語思維:解密英語語法的原理》一書和《英語思維:十課建立完美語法體系》系列視頻課程,歡迎轉載,轉載請註明出處。
⑸ 英語從句是什麼意思
要理解這些概念,就要知道英語中句子的分類。
英語中的句子按結構可分三種:
1)簡單句:只有一個主語(或並列主語)和一個謂語(或並列謂語)。
e.g.
He
often
reads
English
in
the
morning.
Tom
and
Mike
are
American
boys.
She
likes
drawing
and
often
draws
pictures
for
the
wall
newspapers.
2)
並列句:由並列連詞(and,
but,
or等)或分號(;)把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構成。
e.g.
You
help
him
and
he
helps
you.
The
future
is
bright;
the
road
is
tortuous.
前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
3)復合句:由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成。主句是全句的主體,通常可以獨立存在,而從句是一個句子成分,不能獨立存在。如:
他們工作的辦公室在樓上。
The
office
where
he
is
working
is
upstairs.
(主句是The
office
is
upstairs,從句是where
he
is
working。這個從句是定語從句)從句不能單獨成句,但它有主語部分和謂語部分,就像一個句子一樣,所不同處於從句須由一個關聯詞引導。引導從句的關聯詞有五類:
①從屬連詞:if,
because,
as,
though等
②疑問代詞:who,
which,
whom,
what,
whose等
③疑問副詞:when,
where,
how,
why等
④關系代詞:who,
which,
whom,
whose,
that等
⑤關系副詞:when,
where,
why等
從句在復合句中可起主語、賓語、表語、賓語和狀語作用,從句在全句中起什麼作用,就叫什麼從句。
復合句包含:名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)、定語從句和狀語從句等。
復合句又叫主從復合句,只有在復合句中才有主句、從句之分。
⑹ 英語中從句的語法大全
英語中六大從句用法總結
1.主語從句
1)主語從句可直接位於主語的位置,如果從句較長,謂語又較短,可用it作形式主語,而將從句放在句末。常見的句型有:
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
2)what引導的主語從句表示「...的東西時」,一般不用it作形式主語。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等詞含有各自的疑問意義,但它們引導的主語從句,都用陳述語序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2.賓語從句
1)賓語從句可位於及物動詞、介詞和某些形容詞後。連詞that常可省略。介詞後一般接疑問詞引導的賓語從句。in that(因為),except that(除了),but that(只是)已構成固定搭配,其他介詞後一般不接that引導的賓語從句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)賓語從句後如有賓補,要用形式賓語it來代替,而把賓語從句移至賓補之後。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等動詞後的賓語從句中,如果謂語是否定的,一般將否定詞移至主句謂語上,賓語從句則變成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表語從句
表語從句出現在結構為「主語+系動詞+表語從句」的句子中。表語從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引導外,還可由because,as if(though)等引導。that常可省略。如主句主語為reason,只能用that引導表語從句,不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4.同位語從句
同位語從句用於對前面出現的名詞作進一步說明,一般用連詞that引導,由於先行名詞的意義不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引導。常見的先行名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有時由於謂語較短,將同位語從句位於謂語之後。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
5.定語從句
定語從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是一個句子。定語從句通常位於先行詞之後,由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。
*限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句修飾先行詞,對先行詞起修飾作用,緊接先行詞之後,無逗號,若省去,原句意思不完整。引導定語從句的關系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用於指人,whose有時也可指物,相當於of which;which用於指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用於限制性定語從句中。關系代詞除了引導定語從句,替代先行詞外,還在從句中擔任主語、賓語、定語等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)當先行詞是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高級修飾時,只能用關系代詞that引導從句。
That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)關系代詞的省略
在從句中作賓語的關系代詞常可省略。關系代詞緊跟介詞,作介詞賓語時不可用that,只可用which或whom引導從句,並且不可省略,但當介詞位於賓語從句句末時,作為介詞賓語的關系代詞仍可用that,也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.
3)引導定語從句的關系副詞有when,where,why等。關系副詞在從句中作狀語,意義上相當於一個「介詞+which」的結構。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
5.定語從句
*非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行詞,也可修飾整個主句,起補充說明作用,與主句之間有逗號隔開,若省去,原句意思不受影響。不可用that引導非限制性定語從句。關系詞不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*「介詞+which\whom\whose」引導的定語從句
「介詞+which\whom\whose」可引導限制性定語從句,也可引導非限制性定語從句,該結構中介詞的選擇取決於從句謂語動詞的固定搭配,或先行詞的習慣搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引導的定語從句
as引導的定語從句主要用於「such...as」及「the same...as」的結構中,代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。as引導非限制性定語從句時,代替整個主句,從句可位於主句之前、之後或中間。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行詞problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主語)
6.狀語從句
*時間狀語從句
引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞和片語有:
1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
*地點狀語從句
引導地點狀語從句的連詞是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
*原因、結果和目的狀語從句
1)引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有:because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引導結果狀語從句的連詞有:so...that,such...that
,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引導目的狀語從句的連詞有:so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等,從句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情態動詞。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
*條件和讓步狀語從句
1)引導條件狀語從句的連詞和片語有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引導讓步狀語從句的連詞和片語有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引導狀語從句可轉換成含有as的部分倒裝結構,具有強調意義。其結構為「形容詞(副詞、動詞、名詞)+as+主語+謂語」。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式狀語從句
引導方式狀語從句的連詞有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引導的狀語從句中,謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣,表示與事實相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.
⑺ 英語從句有哪些分類可以詳細介紹嗎
從句就三大類:定語從句,名詞性從句,和狀語從句
這也是高考常考的三大專類
其中定語從句分為限制性屬定語從句和非限制性定語從句(標志是,which居多)
名詞性從句分為主語從句
What i said is important
賓語從句
You should remember what I said
表語從句
That is what he said
同位語從句
The news that he won made us surprised
狀語從句
⑻ 英語有哪幾類從句詳細點
根據從句語法功能的不同可分為:主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句6類。
1、主語從句
用作主語的從句叫主語從句。引導主語從句的關聯詞有從屬連詞、疑問代詞、疑問副詞、縮合連接代詞、縮合連接副詞等。
2、表語從句
用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞很多都一樣。
3、賓語從句
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句、介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。
4、同位語從句
是名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句)中的主要從句之一,從句作同位語表示與之同位的名詞(短語)的實際內容,它的作用相當於名詞,對前面的名詞(短語)加以補充說明或進一步解釋,相當於一個表語從句,它們之間的關系就是同位關系,即主表關系。
5、定語從句
是由關系代詞或關系副詞引導的從句,其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個名詞性成分,相當於形容詞,所以又稱為形容詞性從句,一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞後面。
6、狀語從句
用作狀語的從句叫作狀語從句,其關聯詞是一些從屬連詞。修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞和副詞,通常由從屬連詞引導,按其意義和作用可分為時間、地點、 條件、 原因、讓步、目的、結果、 方式、比較狀語從句等。
⑼ 英語三大從句如何正確區別
三大從句的區分
三大從句是:形容詞性從句(即定語從句);副詞性從句(即狀語從句);和名詞性從句(包括:主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句和同位語從句)。
修飾名詞或代詞的從句是定語從句
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
We are all looking forward to the day when 2008 Olympic Games begin in Beijing.
修飾一個句子的從句是狀語從句
When he was walking in the street yesterday, he met with a friend of his.
在句中作主語的從句叫主語從句,
That he came home late at night worried his parents.
在句中作賓語的從句叫賓語從句,
I don't know why he came home late at night.
在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句,
It looks as if it is going to rain.
在句中作同位語的從句叫同位語從句
I have no idea why he came home late at night.
定義及相關術語
1.定語從句:修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之後。
2.先行詞:被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。 3.關系詞:引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。
關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;關系副詞有when, where, why等。
關系詞通常有下列三個作用:A、引導定語從句;B、代替先行詞;C、在定語從句中擔當一個成分。例如:
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 該句中,
who is shaking hands with my father 是定語從句,修飾先行詞the man, 「who」是引導定語從句的關系詞,代替先行詞the man,在定語從句中作主語。
名詞性從句
在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。分析歷屆高考試題名詞性從句考查的焦點主要有以下六個方面:
一、名詞性從句
主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句,在整個句子中所起的作用,相當於一個名詞。因此,這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。
引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:
連接詞:that, whether, if (不充當從句的任何成分)
連接代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 連接副詞:when, where, how, why
定語從句與同位語從句的區別
1.定語從句修飾限定先行詞,它與先行詞是修飾關系;同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內容,它與先行詞是同位關系。
The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. (定語從句) 剛剛起飛的
那架飛機是開往巴黎的。
The fact that he has already died is quite clear. (同位語從句) 他已經去世了,這個事實很明了。
2.定語從句由關系代詞或關系副詞引導,關系詞在從句中擔當相應的句子成分,關系代詞在從句中作賓語時經常可省略。同位語從句主要由連詞that 引導,在從句中一般不擔當成分;有時也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等連詞引導,這些連詞則在從句中擔當成分。
The news that he told me is true. (定語從句)
他告訴我的消息是真的。
The news that he has just died is true. (同位語從句)
他剛剛去世了,這個消息是真的。
3.同位語從句與先行詞一般可以用動詞be發展成一個完整的句子, 而定語從句則不能。如:
A. The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. (同
位語從句)我們可以向老師請教,這個主意不錯。
The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
B. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. (同位語從句)
地球圍繞太陽轉,這個事實人人皆知。
The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.
C. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals. (同位語從句)
請注意如何保護野生動物這個問題。
The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.
同位語從句和定語從句的區別:
that作為關系代詞,可以引導定語從句,充當句子成分,在從句中作賓語時可以省略; that引導同位語從句時,起連詞的作用,沒有實際意義,不充當句子成分,一般不能省略。 試比較下面兩個例句:
I had no idea that you were here.(that引導同位語從句,不能省略)
Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引導定語從句,作賓語,可以省略)
例題.Tomorrow is Tom』s birthday. Have you got any idea___ the party is to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where
〖答案〗D 〖考點〗考查同位語從句。 〖解析〗由句式結構可以判斷 the party is to be held 是 get any idea 的同位語, 故空格處應為同位語從句的引導 詞, 且該從句中句子成分完整, 但語意不完整, 故應選擇 D 項, 表示地點。