賓語從句英語
動詞後面加的從句。
如:He thinks that the doctor is good.
that the doctor is good 是賓語從句。
但be動詞引導的是表語從句。
如: My question is how I can get there.
how I can get there 是表語從句。
⑵ 英語中什麼叫做賓語從句
置於動詞、介詞等詞性後面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句是名詞性從句的一種。在主從復合句中充當賓語,位於及物動詞、介詞或復合謂語之後,稱為賓語從句。
⑶ 英語中什麼是賓語從句
1.賓語從句在句中作及物動詞或介詞的賓語,從句放在主句之後,前後不用逗號分開。
2.引導賓語從句的詞有:
連詞that(在口語中that常可省略),if, whether,如:
He knows that Jim will work hard.
連接代詞who, whom, which等,如:
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
連接副詞when, where, how, why等,如:Could you tell me how we can get to the station?
3.whether和if都有「是否」的意思,一般情況下兩者可以換用,但在介詞之後,
不定式之前,與or not連用,在句首或在引導表語從句,同位語從句時,只能用whether,如:I want to know if/whether the news is true. He doesn't know whether to stay or not?
4.賓語從句要用陳述句語序。
5.賓語從句一定要注意時態呼應,即:當主句謂語動詞是過去式時,從句中謂語動
詞也要用過去范疇的時態,但若從句陳述的是真理或客觀規律,其謂語的時態仍用一般現在時,如:
He asked who could answer the question.
My father told me that the earth goes around the sun.
6.一個賓語從句只能用一個連詞。
7.當主句謂語動詞是think, believe等動詞時,賓語從句的否定意義要放到主句中。另外,當主句主語為第一人稱時,後面若接附加疑問句,那麼附加疑問句的主語、謂語應與從句中的主謂語保持一致。如:
I don't think he looks like his father, does he?
8.直接引語和間接引語也是賓語從句,直接引語是引述別人的原話,放在引號內,
不用連詞聯接;間接引語是用自己的話轉述別人的話,通常用連接詞與主句聯接。
(1)陳述句變為以that引導的賓語從句,如:
He said,「I'm happy.」[FY()[FY]]He said that he was happy.
(2)一般疑問句變為if(whether)引導的賓語從句,如:
He asked me,「Does his father know Mr Green?」
---He asked me if his father knew Mr Green.
(3)特殊疑問句變為由who, what, where, how等疑問詞(連接代詞或連接副詞)引導的賓語從句,如:
He asked me,「Where is Mr Wang?」
---He asked me where Mr Wang was.
注意上述例句中連詞、時態、語序等變化。
⑷ 英語賓語從句
**賓語從句*
1. 定義:用作賓語的從句叫*賓語從句*。
2. 構成:關聯詞+簡單句
3. 引導*賓語從句*的關聯詞有三類:
(1) 從屬連詞that。如:
He told us that he felt ill. 他對我們說他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned. 我知道他已經回來了。
註: that在引導*賓語從句*時也並不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下,
that不能省略。
1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and
連接兩個*賓語從句*,that*賓語從句*放在and的後面時,that不能省略。)
大家都會看出所發生的事情並知道Tom非常害怕。
2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引導的
*賓語從句*作介詞賓語時,that不能省略。)
對他我一無所知,只知道他是南方人。
3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don』t believe. (that從句位於
句首時,that不可省略。)
我簡直不相信他曾說過這樣的話。
4. We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would
admit him for a probationary period. (主句謂語動詞與that從句之間有插入
語,that不可省略。)
鑒於他的特殊情況,我們決定應允他一段試用期。
(2)從屬連詞if/whether。如:
I doubt whether he will succeed. 我懷疑他是否會成功。
I don』t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否幫助我。
(3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
連接副詞 where, when, how, why。
如:
Who or what he was, Martin never learned.
他是什麼人?他是干什麼的?馬丁根本不知道。
I wonder what he』s writing to me about. 我不知道他要給我寫信說什麼事。
I』ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我會告訴你我為什麼要你來。
You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
(1) 介詞*賓語從句*
*賓語從句*也可用作介詞的賓語。如:
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.
他對那天發生的事感到很不快。
I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。
I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要說什麼。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
你是否成功將主要取決於你做什麼和怎樣做。
有時介詞可以省略。如:
I don』t care (for) who marries him. 我不管誰跟他結婚。
Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做這件事的方式。
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1.如果*賓語從句*後還有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,而將*賓語從句*後
置。如:
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
我們認為小王昨天沒來是奇怪的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他已表明他不會屈服。
2.作介詞的賓語:連詞that引導的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語,只用在except,
but, in後。其他一些介詞的*賓語從句*如果由連詞that引導,則需用it先行一
步,作形式賓語。如:
He is a good student except that he is careless.
他是一個好學生,只是有點粗心。
You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我會幫助你的。
介詞賓語不可以用which來引導,而要用what來引導。如:
Are you sorry for what you』ve done?
你為你所做的一切感到內疚嗎?
3.某些形容詞或過去分詞後常接*賓語從句*,這類形容詞或過去分詞有sure,
glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等,連詞that
可省略。如:
I am not sure what I ought to do.
我不能確定我該做什麼。
I』m afraid you don』t understand what I said.
恐怕你沒領會我說的意思。
I』m surprised that I didn』t see all that before.
我好奇怪,我以前沒看到過。
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
媽媽為她的女兒通過了考試而感到高興。
4.連詞whether (…or not)或if引導的*賓語從句*
if和whether引導的*賓語從句*可以互換使用,但whether常和or not連用,if一般
不與or not連用。如:
I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。
用if引導*賓語從句*如果會引起歧義,應避免使用if而用wheter。試比較:
Please let me know if you want to go.
Please let me know whether you want to go.
if從句可理解為*賓語從句*,意為「請告訴我你是否想去」;此句又可理解為條件狀
語從句意為「如果你想去的話,請告訴我一聲」。
5.*賓語從句*的否定轉移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等動詞後的*賓
語從句*,有時謂語盡管是否定意思,卻不用否定形式,而將think等動詞變為否定
形式。如:
I don』t think you are right. 我認為你錯了。
I don』t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他們還未完成他
們的工作。
I don』t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意,是嗎?
6. *賓語從句*的時態變化規律:
(1) 當主句是一般現在時態時,從句可根據需要用任何時態。
(2) 當主句是一般過去時態時,從句只能使用過去范圍內的任何時態。但客觀
真理除外。如:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
老師說地球繞著太陽運行。
⑸ 英語賓語從句講解
一、定義:在復合句中用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。
二、詳解:
1.語序
無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句,賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序,即「主句+連詞+賓語從句(主語+謂語+……)」句式。根據連接詞在從句中所擔任的不同成分,可分為以下四種:
1)連接詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有: who,what,which等。如:
Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎?
The small children don't know what is in their stockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什麼東西?
2)連接詞+名詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問我們班上誰的書法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老師問我們房間里有多少人。
3)連接詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有:who(m),what,which,how many,how much, when,why,how,where,if /whether(在句中不充當任何成分)等。如:
He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎?
4)連接詞+名詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:
Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪個班嗎?
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。
2.連接詞
1)當由陳述句充當賓語從句時,用that引導,that無詞義,在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如:
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他說他會在晚飯前完成工作。
2)當由一般疑問句充當賓語從句時,用if或whether引導,意為「是否」。如:
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道這么多年後他是否還住在這兒。
但在下列情況下只能用whether:
①在具有選擇意義,又有or或or not時,尤其是直接與or not連用時,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:
Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)讓我知道他是否能來。
I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我們是去還是留。
②在介詞之後用whether。如:
I'm interested in whether he likes English.我關心的是他是否喜歡英語。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項工作。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔心是否傷了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。如:
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。
I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。
④whether置於句首時,不能換用if。如:
Whether this is true or not,I can't say.這是否真的我說不上來。
⑤引導主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如:
Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能來還是個問題。
The question is whether we can catch the bus.問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。
⑥若用if會引起歧義時,則用whether。如:
Please let me know if you like the book.可理解為:
a.Please let me know whether you like the book.請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。
b.If you like the book,please let me know.你如果喜歡這本書,請告訴我。
3)如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句,只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導。如:
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?你能告訴我今天早上你為什麼開會遲到嗎?
3.時態
含賓語從句的復合句,主、從句謂語動詞的時態呼應應包括以下三點內容:
1)如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時,從句的謂語動詞可根據需要,選用相應的任何時態。如:
I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他將何時回來。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。
2)如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時,賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據需要,選用過去時態即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。如:
①The children didn't know who he was.孩子們不知道他是誰。
②He asked his father how it happened.他問他父親這件事是如何發生的。
3)如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現象或習慣性動作等,不管主句用什麼時態,從句時態都用一般現在時。如:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說地球繞著太陽轉。
4.注意:
if和when既可以引導賓語從句,也可以引導狀語從句,應注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導賓語從句時,分別意為「是否」和「何時」,其時態應和主句時態相呼應;它們引導狀語從句時,意思分別為「如果,假如」和「當……時候」,當主句時態是一般將來時時,其時態用一般現在時。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進行綜合考查。如:
—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什麼時候回來嗎?
—Sorry,I don't know.When he comes back,I'll tell you.對不起,不知道。當他回來了,我將告訴你。
—I don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否會來。
—He will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨,他會來的。
簡化賓語從句常用六法
同學們常會遇到把含有賓語從句的復合句轉化為簡單句,使其與原句意思相同(或相近)的試題。下面就介紹幾種常用的簡化賓語從句的方法:
方法一:當主句謂語動詞是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等,且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時,賓語從句可簡化為不定式結構。例如:
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.
方法二:當主句謂語動詞是know, learn, remember, forget, tell等動詞,且主句主語與從句主語一致時,賓語從句可簡化為「疑問詞+不定式」結構。例如:
She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.
註:當主句謂語動詞是tell, ask, show, teach等動詞,且後帶雙賓語,從句主語和間接賓語一致時,賓語從句可簡化為「疑問詞+不定式」結構。例如:
Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me how to get to the station?
方法三:當主句的謂語動詞是order(命令),require(需要)等時,如果主句和從句的主語不一致,賓語從句可簡化為「名詞(代詞)+不定式」結構。例如:
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
方法四:某些動詞後的賓語從句,可以用介詞加動名詞(短語)等其他形式簡化。例如:
He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.
The poor boy doesn』t know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn』t know the time and the place of his birth.
方法五:某些動詞後面的賓語從句可轉化為「賓語+V-ing形式(作賓語補足語)」結構。例如:
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
方法六:動詞seem後的賓語從句,也可以用不定式(短語)來簡化,但句型需要進行適當的變化。例如:
It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.
除上述方法外,還有一些特殊句式的轉化。例如:
I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.
Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy
-----回答參考了聖才學習網資料
⑹ 英語賓語從句
他們表達的意思一樣的,就是賓語從句前面的主句是現在時態的時候,賓語從句的時態不是固定的。具體可以是過去式、現在時、將來時等等。